1.He has tasted the sweets and bitters of life.
他已尝遍了人生的甜酸苦辣。

the sweets and bitters of life就是指“人生的苦乐”；

2.But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull.
要不是音乐，人生会很无聊。

But for“如果不是；如果没有”，

如：But for the safety-belt I wouldn't be alive today.
若没有安全带，我就不能活到今天。

3.That's what life is：all about timing.
人生一世，一切在于掌握时机

timing n. 时间的掌握(安排，配合)

如：What beautiful timing!
时间正合适！

4. We are here today and gone tomorrow.
人生朝露。

5.Life, it appeared, was a treasure hunt.
人生如同觅宝。

treasure hunt “n. 寻宝，寻找珍宝”

6.Eat, drink, and be merry -- that's his philosophy.
吃喝玩乐,那就是他的人生哲学。

merry adj. 欢乐的，愉快的，高兴的

如：A merry heart goes all the way.
[谚]心情愉快，万事顺利。

7. A lonely business--life!
人生--真是个孤独的玩意儿！

lonely adj. 独自的，寂寞的，荒凉的

如：I feel very lonely without my dog.
我的狗不在旁边我就很寂寞。

8. His path through life was hard.
他的人生历程十分坎坷。

9.Fame is only one of the sauces of life.
人生有诸多刺激,名望只是其中之一。

10.A life without a friend is a life without a sun.
人生没有朋友，犹如人生没有了太阳。