第一部分

切分division

英语中长较多, 句中修饰语多且长，使句子结构复杂，所以英译汉时，不能照样克隆复制，而是得根据汉语语法的特点，灵活处理。切分法效即在此，把英语中的长句分解成两个或两个以上的句子。这是翻译考试中最常见的考察点，即原文中的一个词或短语很难照原样处理，有必要将其单独译成一个句子，或者是将一个长句一分为二，切分成两个句子，常见技巧是把原句中的一个单词或短语译成句子：

1．单词分译

And a growing minority of western intellectuals agreed.

越来越多的西方只是分子当时接受这种看法，虽然从数量上来说他们仍是少数。

When we two countries established our friendly and cooperative relations, we did so on the understanding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of five principles of peaceful.

当我们两国建立友好合作关系时，是基于这样一种认识，即我们要在和平共处五项原则的基础上发展我们的友谊。

We recognize that China's long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.

我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。

2007年3月的真题

The shape of the world is changing almost as dramatically as this city’s skyline.

世界面貌正在发生引人注目的变化，其变化之快几乎就好像这座城市的空中轮廓。

The Chinese scientists in Zhangjiang High-Tech Park are understandably proud of their achievements.

这些在张江高科技园工作的中国科学家们对他们取得的成就感到很自豪，这是可以理解的。

They，not surprisingly，did not respond at all．

他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

第二部分

再如：(形容词→单句 a. That region was the most clearly identifiable trouble spot．

那个地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家都容易看得出来的。

Then and there he named the startled General lying wounded on his cot the new Commander in Chief of the Air force…

他就在当时当地任命这位躺在榻上治伤的将军为空军总司令，使这位将军吃了一惊。

Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans, who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society?

显然，数百万美国人从来没有想过自己会违法，更不用说犯罪了，而就是他们正在越来越肆意歪曲旨在保护和培育这个社会的法律条文，这真令人痛心。

（原文中painfully apparent如照字面译成"痛心地明显的"，不合汉语表达习惯，将painfully单译成句，既突出了重点，表明作者对这一现象感到痛心的心情，又使语言自然流畅。）

At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.

现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。

（choose the safety of the middle-ground reply如机械直译成"选择不偏不倚回答问题的安全"，语言晦涩难懂。将safety分译出来则较好地解决了这一问题。）

Auntie Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said.

朱利亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的人打听加布里埃尔刚才说了些什么，却没有问出个所以然来。

第三部分

2短语分译 分词短语→单句

短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。例如：

They were at home in the home of their friends，moving confidently without fear．

他们在朋友家里感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。

Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows．

阳光照在所能透过的地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed，a universally accepted law．

能量既不能创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。

The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task.

军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。(名词短语分译)

3句子分译

句子分译可以分为简单句的分译、并列复合句的分译、主从复合句的分译以及其他情况
的分译。

Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle.

黎明时分，大雾弥漫，细雨蒙蒙。

But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international
relations.

但是，如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。

One day, while out on the bleak moors, Pip is startled by a hulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately.

匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时，一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。这个男子威胁他，让他立即为他送些食物来。（在who引导的从句前切分）

Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfill needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or , on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living.

于是我们面临着一种选择：要么利用技术来提供并满足迄今为止一直被视为并无必要的各种要求，要么利用技术来缩短人们为了维持一定的生活水准而必须工作的时间。

第四部分

练习：

1. A very important world problem-in fact, I am inclined to say it is the most important of all the great world problems which face us at the present time—is the rapid increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources.

一个十分重要的世界性问题---事实上；我想说明一下，这乃是我们目前所面临的所有世界性重大问题中至关重要的一个---那便是人口剧增对土地和土地资源所造成的日甚一日的压力。

2. You must fix in mind the symbols and formulae, definitions and laws of physics, no matter how complex they may be when you come in contact with them, in order that you may understand the subject better and lay a solid foundation for further study.

你必须牢记那些符号/公式/定义及定律, 无论如何复杂, 当你使用他们的时候, 为的是让你更能了解到题目的主旨,并且为进一步研究奠定基础.

3. But I confess our present educational system excites in my mind grave misgivings, which I cannot believe is the best or even reasonable, a system that thrusts upon reluctant and uncomprehending multitudes treasures which can only be appreciated by the privileged and gifted few.

但我得说目前的教育制度让我忧心忡忡，我认为这不是一种最佳的制度，甚至不是合理的制度。一些文学珍品只能为少数特权人物和天才人物所欣赏，我们的制度却把这些作品推向了大众，而这些人既不愿意读，又读不懂。

4其他情况的分译

有些长句的翻译得根据具体情况、意群的分布等进行灵活处理，合理进行切分，使译文层次分明，观点明确。例如：

Suddenly the door bursts open and the Time Traveler appears, dirty, disheveled, and bedraggled, with a nasty cut on his chin.

突然，门猛然开了，时间旅行家出现。他十分肮脏，衣冠不整，满身是泥，下巴颏被严重划伤。（在appear后切分）

The boy and the woman were already seated by spread table-cloth when the man came down to them, dressed in his business suit and vest and tie and hat as if he expected to meet someone along the way.

等到男人走过来时，女人和孩子早已挨着地上铺开的桌布边坐好了。男人身穿上班的套装和背心，系着领带，戴着帽子，似乎估计路上会遇到什么人似的。（分词短语前切分）