Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬
　　一． 词义的选择

　　（一） 根据词性

　　He likes physics.

　　They are shining like gold.

　　Like knows like.

　　(二) 根据上下文联系

　　He is the last man to do it.

　　He should be the last to blame.

　　He is the last man to come.

　　He is the last person for such a job.

　　二． 词义的引申

　　（一） 将词义做抽象化的引申

　　1． 将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性

　　Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。

　　There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them.

　　他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。

　　2． 将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词

　　see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad

　　时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现

　　Their troops goosestepped into power.

　　他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。

　　（二） 将词义做具体化的引申

　　The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.

　　我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。

　　三． 词义的褒贬

　　（一） 英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义

　　He was a man of high renown.

　　他是位有名望的人。

　　His notoriety didn’t come until his death.

　　他的恶名是他死后才传开的。

　　（二） 中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬

　　The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions.

　　我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负

　　He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.

　　他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。

　　练习:

　　Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.

　　信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。

　　The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems.

　　美国的大城市形形色色，却有许多共同的问题。

　　The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all.

　　由于教育不断普及，推动了机遇面前人人平等的美国理想的实现。

　　Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem.

　　美国的种族关系一直是棘手的问题。

　　The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems.

　　多民族的人口结构也给社会带来一定的问题，种族歧视和偏见依然存在。
　　Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support.

　　报纸和杂志的经费来源主要是依靠广告收入。

　　Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate.

　　地理位置为美国提供了丰富的可利用资源，肥沃的土地和有利的气候。

　　The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned.

　　美国没有父亲的单亲孩子比例激增。

　　The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays.

　　美国的节日贺卡和装饰业增添了宗教节日和习俗节日的欢乐气氛。

　　Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies.

　　1689年至1763年间英法两国连年战争，使北美的欧洲殖民地也卷入其中。

　　The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。

　　现代美国经济从来没有完全脱离过政府的干预。

　　The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。

　　丁克家庭的增长冲击了传统的中国家庭观念。