(单词翻译:单击)
D. 归化
有些英语的修辞格译成汉语时,可以换用符合汉语习惯的其他辞格或是改变原文中比喻形象,使译文在思想上忠实于原作、风格和神韵上尽量求得与原文相接近的效果。例如:
(1) He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him "magpie".
他如此唠叨,同伴们给他起了个"麻雀"的外号。(汉语中"喜鹊"喻义喜事、吉利、运气,而英语中喻义却是唠叨、饶舌,于是取汉语中联想效果对应的比喻)
(2) "Don't be scared, chickens!" came her voice with teasing gaiety.
"别害怕, 你们这些胆小如鼠的东西!"只听得她用戏谑的口气说道。(英语中鸡是懦弱、胆怯的代名词, 汉语中的鸡却无法引起人们这种联想,于是换成老鼠形象。)
(3)It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter.遗憾的是,我们当时的呼吁石沉大海。
(4) And I suppose she'll tell all the boys, the old cat. 我猜想她会告诉所有的男人,这个长舌的老太婆!(英语中猫常用来比喻恶毒的女人)
(5) Up and down he walked, up and down across the library floor.他在书房里走过来又走过去,走过来又走过去。(英语anastrophe——汉语顺成结构)
(6)In the past 12 months the word has watched with disbelief and dismay the acceleration of force and violence in the region.过去的十二个月里,全世界惊愕莫名地和难以置信地看到了这个地区正在加速使用武力和暴力。(英语alliter-ation——汉语对偶法)
(7)Mrs. Macbeth has a heart as hard as flint.麦克白夫人生来一副铁石心肠。(英语simile——汉语隐语)
E. 切分
有些英语修辞格(特别是那些句子结构上的修辞格)难以采用对应的汉语辞格来翻译,有时有必要使用切分的办法来译,以便使译文符合汉语的规范和表达习惯。例如:
(1)She lost her heart and necklace at a ball.
在一次舞会上, 她倾心爱上了一个人, 但却丢失了她的项链。
(2) He was restlessly tired, even as he lay in bed.他累了,然而一点也不安宁,即使躺在床上也还是这样。
(3)Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention.罗斯福目光炯炯,面带微笑,聚精会神地听着。
F.数种译法并用
有些英语修辞格译成汉语时有时需要数种译法并用才能译成漂亮的汉语。例如:
(1)…when I and my sorrows are dust.当我的尸骨化为尘土,我的哀愁化作清风时…… (英语zeugma——汉译采用分译和归化)
(2)Civilization is syphilization!世界愈文明,梅毒愈蔓延。(英语pun——汉语采用分译和释义)
(3)From their slopes flow streams feeding the oases strung along the rim of inland deserts. 条条溪水,潺潺而下,滋润着镶嵌于内陆沙漠边缘的片片绿洲。(英语alliteration和assonance——汉语使用叠词、象声词、分译)
G.英语原文无修辞格,翻译成汉语时用修辞格
有时原文中没有修辞格,但译成汉语时为了使语言表达生动活泼,译文中可以适当增加汉语修辞手法,例如:
(1)He determined to satisfy himself of the real state of the case.他决心把事情弄个水落石出。
(2)I judge that there was going to be a crash by and by, but I was in now and must swim across or drown.我猜想迟早会有一天西洋镜有被拆穿,可是我既已下水,就不得不泅过水去,否则就会淹死。
(3)Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。