(单词翻译:单击)
连日来,我国多地酝酿取消或已经取消“农民工”称谓。“农民工”吃的是馒头,筑起的是高楼;喝的是自来水,流淌的是汗水;干的是最脏最累的工作,住的是最差最乱的窝棚;从事着“劳动光荣”的高尚使命,得到的却是不屑一顾的嗤之以鼻。在日新月异的城市发展中,楼层原来越高,而他们的地位却越来越低,尊严越来越低。于是,在“农民工”这个带有时代烙印的名词之下,涵盖了一个被社会“歧视”的群体,这个群体就是从“农村进城的务工人员”。其实,被歧视的并不是“农民工”这三个字,而是所有“进城务工人员”的人格尊严。“农民工”的英语说法有N多种,但究竟哪一种最合适呢?
“农民工”的英译可谓五花八门,仅笔者见过的就有peasant workers,migrant workers,rural workers,farmers-turned construction workers等。
笔者认为,上述译法均有不足。早在上个世纪七十年代,许多英语母语人士就指出,将汉语中“农民”译为peasant不妥,应该用farmer一词。当时的中学英语课本中就有the poor and lower-middle peasants(贫下中农)的说法。
而rural workers的意思则不够明确,很容易产生歧义,人们很容易将其理解为rural labours;至于farmers-turned construction workers的译法,其主要问题是界定范围太窄,不能涵盖“农民工”的所指范围。
migrant workers这一译法国内英文媒体常采用,但九十年代末联合国的一份文件(Fact Sheet No.24, The Rights of Migrant Workers)却给出了如下定义:The term "migrant worker" refers to a person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a State of which he or she is not a national. 显然,migrant workers此处是指“国外来的打工者”。
其实,英语中就有off-farm income,off-farm employment及off-farm work等说法,其中off-farm work是指农民离开土地到城里所从事的工作,如果这类工作是季节性的,可以说seasonal off-farm work,如果是长期工则说permanent off-farm work。请看下面的例句:
1)However, in almost all cases the off-farm work was of a seasonal nature, lasting no more than 6 to 8 weeks.
2)Factory work provided most of the off-farm work but many part-time farmers were tradesmen and managers in business.
3)The type of off-farm work varied but many were in an oil-related industry, working shifts at Flotta oil terminal.
综上所述笔者认为,将汉语中的“农民工”翻译为off-farm workers比较合适。