Topic(91-100)

Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.

　　The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mall traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.

　　The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mall and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.

　　The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mall.

　　Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mall purposefully include misleading information in the messages' subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or 'opt-out' of) receipt of commercial electronic mall from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such 'opt-out' mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both.

　　Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.

　　The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mall cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of techno-logical approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.

　　91. According to the passage, efficiency of e-mail is threatened by ______

　　A. heavy e-mail traffic

　　B. fraudulent e-mail messages

　　C. large volume of messages

　　D. increasing amount of unwanted e-mail

　　92. Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail?

　　A. It costs money to receive them.

　　B. It's free to store them.

　　C. It takes time to access them.

　　D. It takes time to throw them away.

　　93. Unwanted e-mail may ______

　　A. cause companies to fail in business

　　B. cause wanted e-mail messages to lose

　　C. damage the credit of a company

　　D. do good to a small company

　　94. "Pornographic" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______

　　A. decent B. instructional

　　C. sexual D. commercial

　　95. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services?

　　A. Raising their cost.

　　B. Raising the Internet speed.

　　C. Improving their business.

　　D. Attracting investment.

　　96. "Disguise" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______

　　A. reveal B. hide

　　C. deliver D. post

　　97. The word "induce" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______

　　A. cheat B. introduce

　　C. provide D. harm

　　98. "Opt-out" mechanism is probably ______

　　A. a machine that can be attached to your computer

　　B. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to read

　　C. a software that you can play a computer game

　　D. an e-mail that says some good words to you

　　99. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probably spread ______

　　A. harmful virus B. unpleasant news

　　C. advertisements D. adult jokes

　　100. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if ______

　　A. the government takes action

　　B. a new technology is adopted

　　C. more people are aware of the problem

　　D. joint efforts are made and new technology is used

　　Section 3: Cloze Test (20 points)

　　In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 20 minutes.

　　Insurance is the sharing of (1) . Nearly everyone is exposed (2) risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his (3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by (4) and (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. ff these persons each put a (6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to (7) the needs of the few who do suffer (8) , In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the (9) . This is the basis of (10) . Those who pay the contributions are known as (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.

　　The (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested (13) past experience, ff the companies fix their premiums too (14) , there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose (15) . On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have (16) and may even have to drop out (17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and (18) keep premiums at a proper (19) to both insurers and those who (20) insurance.

Keys(91-100)

KEYS：

　　91.D[分析] 细节题型。

　　见第二段第一句：The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by _______ unsolicited commercial electronic mail.从第三段得知unsolicited commercial electronic mail指的是unwanted messages;因此选项D为答案。

　　92.B[分析] 是非题型。

　　见第三段第一句：The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who _____,or for the time spent accessing，reviewing，and discarding such mail，or for both.三个划线部分分别是选项A、C、D的内容，因此只有选项B为答案。

　　93.B[分析] 细节题型。

　　见第三段第二句：The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mail and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial，will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst…因此选项B为答案。

　　94.C[分析] 词义题型。

　　本文第三段主要谈及unsolicited commercial electronic mail带来的害处，且根据上下文，pornographic应与or前面的vulgar(粗俗的)近义：因此选项A. decent正派的，有分寸的、B.instructional指导的，教育的，D.commercial商业的，贸易的，均不符合题意，只有选项、C.sexual(性的)符合题意，是答案。pornographic色情的，色情作品的。

　　95.A[分析] 细节题型。

　　见第四段第一句：The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services，businesses，and educational and nonprofit institutions that…因此选项A是答案。

　　96.B[分析] 词义题型。

　　见第四段最后一句：Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail.根据前面提及的unsolicited commercial electronic mall会带来许多危害，可推断出发送人当然不希望人们知道他们的地址了;因此选项B.hide(隐藏，掩饰)是答案。disguise隐瞒，掩饰：reveal展现，揭示，deliver递送，陈述;post邮递，张贴，揭示。

　　97.A[分析] 词义题型。

　　从第五段第一句：Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages' subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages.得知：这些人故意在邮件主题栏中使用一些会误导的信息来_______收件人观看信息，四个选项中A.cheat(欺骗，骗取)用在划线部分最符合题意。选项B(介绍)和C(提供)都不如A的意思恰当。

　　98.B[分析] 细节题型。

　　第四段第二句是个对比句：While some senders…provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or‘opt-out’of)receipt of…，other senders provide no such‘opt-out’mechanism…从中得知‘opt-out’应是reject的近义词;而‘opt-out’ mechanism应是前半句中提到的simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject receipt of……;因此选项B最符合题意。

　　99.C[分析] 推断题型。

　　从第六段得知：发送这些unwanted messages的人利用电脑程序自动从国际互联网站或在线服务来收集大量的e-mail地址……，由此推知：他们会向这些地址发送unwanted messages，目的当然应是发送广告了，因此选项C是答案。

　　100.D[分析] 细节题型。

　　见最后一段。选项A、B、C的内容都对，但都不全面：只有选项D(人们共同的努力和新技术的使用)最全面，是答案。

　　Section 3

　　1. risks[分析] 语境搭配。

　　根据语境分析，“保险是对风险的分担”，按照下文“风险”的用词，此处应填risks。

　　2. to[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此句意为：几乎每个人都会遭遇某种风险。be exposed to使(日光、风雨等)暴露于，使遭受(危险等)，使接触到(作用、影响)。

　　3. property/house[分析] 语境搭配。

　　根据语境分析，此处所填之词即为“房屋拥有者的房屋或房产”，所以此处应填property/house。

　　4. accident/chance[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此句是举例说明人们可能遇到的风险：房屋的主人知道他的房产可能会被大火毁坏;船主知道他的船只可能会在海上失事，养家糊口的人知道他也许会死于意外/偶然死去，使得家人生活在贫困之中。而“死于意外/偶然死去”应为by accident 或 by chance。

　　5. leave[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此处需填一个动词。句意见上题;因表“离别(家人)，离弃，遗弃”，因此应填leave。

　　6. small/certain[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此句意为，如果这些人每人拿出少量的/一定的钱汇集起来，就会有足够的钱去满足那些(少数的)遭受损失的人的需要。“少量的/一定的钱”应为a small/certain sum of money。

　　7. meet[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此处需填一个动词，句义见上题：“满足……的需要”应为meet…the needs。

　　8. loss/losses[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此处需填个名词/名词性的词：句意见第6题。“遭受损失”应为suffer loss/losses。

　　9. many[分析] 语境搭配。

　　此句意为：换言之，少数人的损失可用多数人的贡献来应付：此处所填之词与前面的冠词the应与前面的the few构成反义词，因此应填many。

　　10.insurance[分析] 语境搭配。

　　此句意为：这就是……的基础。而本文介绍的就是保险的作用。故此处应填名词“保险insurance”。

　　11.insured[分析] 语境搭配。

　　此句进一步介绍保险业的术语：那些交捐款的人被称作“保户/加入保险者”，而那些管理这些汇集起来的捐款的人则被称作“保险业者/保险公司”：因此应填insured保户/加入保险者。

　　12.premium[分析] 语境搭配。

　　根据上下文，此句意为：保险的费用(保险费)自然应按以往经验估计可能要冒的风险来定。因此应填premium保险费。

　　13.by[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此处需填一个表示手段的介词，句意见上题，因此应填by。

　　14.high[分析] 语境搭配。

　　根据上下文，此句意为：“如果(保险)公司将保险费定得过高，保险业的竞争将更激烈，他们就有可能失去商机/损失金钱”。如把此句与下一句联系起来看：If the companies fix their premiums too___(14)…On the other hand，if they make the premiums too low，…由此也可推断出此处应填high。

　　15.business/money[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此处需填一个名词，句意见上题：因此应填business/money。

　　16.profit[分析] 语境搭配。

　　根据上下文，此句意为：“另一方面，如果(保险)公司将保险费定得过低，他们将无法获利，甚至有可能不得不退出这一行业。”因此应填profit。

　　17.of[分析] 习惯塔配。

　　句意见上题，词组“退出”应为：drop out of…。

　　18.demand[分析] 词语搭配。

　　根据句意：“因此，一般供求关系的影响会使保险费对保险公司和投保双方来说都保持在一个合适的水平。”所以此处应填一个与supply相对之词，因此 demand是答案。

　　19.level[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此处应填一个名词，句意见上题，因此为at a proper level。

　　20.buy[分析] 词语搭配。

　　此处应填一个动词，表示“买保险的人”，句意见18题;因此答案为buy。