中国联合国合作立场文件(1)(中英对照)
日期:2022-07-06 10:51

(单词翻译:单击)

Position Paper on China's Cooperation with the United Nations

中国联合国合作立场文件

I. The founding of the United Nations was a milestone in humanity's pursuit of peace and development. As a founding member, China was the first to put its signature on the UN Charter. On 25 October 1971, the UN General Assembly at its 26th Session adopted Resolution 2758 with an overwhelming majority to restore all the rights of the People's Republic of China and to recognize the representatives of the Government the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations.

一、联合国的成立是人类和平与发展事业的里程碑事件。中国作为创始会员国,第一个在《联合国宪章》上签字。1971年10月25日,第26届联合国大会以压倒多数通过第2758号决议,决定恢复中华人民共和国在联合国的一切权利,承认中华人民共和国政府的代表是中国在联合国的唯一合法代表。

This was a victory for justice and fairness in the world, and a victory for the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. Since then, the Chinese people, which accounted for nearly one-fourth of the world population, have had its true representatives in the UN. The UN has become more universal, representative and authoritative. The commitment of the international community to the one-China principle has been significantly consolidated and enhanced. And the force for world peace and development has grown stronger than ever before.

这是世界公道正义的胜利,也是联合国宪章宗旨和原则的胜利。自此,占世界人口近四分之一的中国人民在联合国有了真正代表,联合国的普遍性、代表性和权威性得到切实增强,国际社会坚持一个中国原则的格局得到极大巩固和发展,世界和平与发展的力量得到空前壮大。

Over the past 50 years, China's cooperation with the UN has kept expanding and deepening. UN agencies have set up offices in China, and conducted fruitful cooperation in a wide range of areas including economic development, poverty alleviation, health care, food security and environmental protection.

50年来,中国同联合国合作领域不断拓展,合作内容不断深化,联合国相关机构先后在华设立代表处,在经济发展、消除贫困、卫生保健、粮食安全、环境保护等多个领域全面开展合作,取得丰硕成果。

II. The year 2021 marks the 50th anniversary of the restoration of the lawful seat of the People's Republic of China in the UN. These five decades have witnessed China's practice of multilateralism, its full participation in and support for the cause of the UN, and its continuous contributions to world peace and development.

二、2021年是中华人民共和国恢复联合国合法席位50周年。这是中国践行多边主义的50年,是中国全面参与和支持联合国事业的50年,也是中国持续为世界和平与发展作出贡献的50年。

1. Over the past 50 years, China has firmly upheld world peace and security. Holding high the banner of peace, development and win-win cooperation, China has been committed to an objective and just position, to resolving differences through dialogue and consultation, and to the principle of non-interference in each others' internal affairs. China firmly opposes the willful threat or use of force in international affairs. It has taken an active part in the political resolution of major regional hotspots such as the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue, the Iranian nuclear issue, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Palestine and Israel, Syria, Libya, Sudan and South Sudan. It has explored and practiced solutions with distinctive Chinese features to global and regional hotspot issues. It has endeavored to safeguard the authority and solidarity of the Security Council, actively supported UN's good offices as mandated and its coordination and cooperation with regional and subregional organizations, and contributed to world peace and security.

(一)50年来,中国坚定维护世界和平与安全。中国始终高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜,坚持客观公正立场,坚持倡导通过对话协商化解分歧,坚持不干涉内政原则,坚决反对在国际事务中动辄使用或威胁使用武力,积极参与朝鲜半岛核、伊朗核、阿富汗、缅甸、巴以、叙利亚、利比亚、苏丹、南苏丹等重大地区热点问题的政治解决,不断探索和实践具有中国特色的国际和地区热点问题解决之道。中国努力维护安理会权威和团结,积极支持联合国依据授权开展斡旋,支持联合国同区域和次区域组织协调合作,为维护世界和平安全作出贡献。

Since 1990, China has dispatched over 50,000 peacekeepers to nearly 30 UN peacekeeping missions. It is the second largest funding contributor to UN peacekeeping operations and an important troop provider, contributing more peacekeepers than any other permanent members of the Security Council. More than 2,200 Chinese peacekeepers are now on duty in eight mission areas. China has set up an 8,000-strong standby force and a 300-member permanent police squad for UN peacekeeping missions. This has put China ahead of all other UN troops providers in terms of the size of standby forces and the variety of contingents. China has facilitated the Security Council's adoption of Resolution 2518 on the safety and security of peacekeepers, and initiated the launch of the Group of Friends on the Safety and Security of UN Peacekeepers, contributing China's wisdom to the reform and improvement of peacekeeping missions.

自1990年以来,中国已向近30项联合国维和行动派出维和人员5万余人次。中国是联合国维和行动第二大出资国和重要出兵国,在五个常任理事国中派出维和人员数量名列第一,目前有2200余人在联合国8个任务区执行任务。中国已组建8000人规模维和待命部队和300人规模常备维和警队,成为联合国维和待命部队中数量最多、分队种类最齐全的国家。中国推动安理会就维和人员安全问题通过第2518号决议,倡议成立了联合国维和人员安全之友小组,为改革和加强维和行动贡献中国智慧。

China has taken an active part in international arms control and disarmament. It has joined more than 20 international arms control treaties and mechanisms including the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (BWC), and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (CWC), and has constructively participated in relevant international conferences and mechanisms. China has timely declared its implementation of relevant treaties, kept improving its domestic legal structure and measures to ensure sound implementation, and enhanced capacity building of its national implementation authorities. President Xi Jinping attended the Nuclear Security Summit in 2014 and in 2016, and proposed to follow a sensible, coordinated and balanced approach to nuclear security, and build a global nuclear security architecture featuring fairness and win-win cooperation. China has played a constructive part in the deliberation and negotiation of the UN and relevant international organizations on arms control and disarmament. It has taken the initiative to offer its proposals and solutions including no-first-use of nuclear weapon, and promoted the establishment of a verification regime under the BWC, making important contributions to world peace and security as well as to global strategic stability.

中国积极参与国际军控与裁军进程,迄已加入《不扩散核武器条约》《禁止生物武器公约》《禁止化学武器公约》等20多个国际军控条约和机制,建设性参与相关国际会议及机制工作,及时公布遵约情况,不断完善国内履约法律体系和国家履约措施,加强国家履约机构能力建设。习近平主席于2014年、2016年两次出席核安全峰会,提出应坚持理性、协调、并进的核安全观,建立公平、合作、共赢的国际核安全体系。中国建设性参与联合国及相关国际机构关于军控裁军问题的审议和谈判,主动提出不首先使用核武器等中国倡议和中国方案,推动建立《禁止生物武器公约》核查机制,为促进国际和平与安全、维护全球战略稳定作出积极贡献。

China has taken an active part in global cooperation to address non-traditional security threats. It supports UN's leading role in the global fight against terrorism and the counter-terrorism resolutions adopted by the Security Council. It has vigorously promoted the full implementation of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. China has all along supported the UN in playing a leading role in global governance on cyberspace and has taken a constructive part in the UN Open-ended Working Group and the Group of Governmental Experts on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security. It has initiated with other members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) the International Code of Conduct for Information Security, the world's first systematic document on the international code of conduct in cyberspace, and facilitated negotiations on a Comprehensive International Convention on Countering the Use of Information and Communications Technologies for Criminal Purposes. In 2020, China submitted to the UN General Assembly the Global Initiative on Data Security, providing a blueprint for global rules on data security. In 2021, China submitted to the UN General Assembly the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Codes of Conduct for Scientists, making new contributions to lowering biosecurity risks and advancing the well-being for humanity with biological sciences.

中国积极参与应对非传统安全威胁全球合作。中国支持联合国在国际反恐斗争中发挥主导作用,支持安理会通过的一系列反恐决议,大力推动《联合国全球反恐战略》全面实施。中国一贯支持联合国在网络空间全球治理中发挥主导作用并建设性参与联合国信息安全开放式工作组和政府专家组进程,同上海合作组织成员国提出全球首个关于网络空间国际行为准则的系统文件——“信息安全国际行为准则”,推动《联合国打击为犯罪目的使用信息和通信技术公约》谈判。中国于2020年向联大提交《全球数据安全倡议》,为制定数据安全全球规则提供了蓝本。中国于2021年向联大提交了《科学家生物安全行为准则天津指南》,为降低生物安全风险、促进生物科学造福人类作出了新贡献。

2. Over the past 50 years, China has made vigorous efforts to promote global development. Through unremitting efforts, China has realized the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and brought about a historic resolution to the problem of absolute poverty in China. China has met the poverty eradication target of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ten years ahead of schedule. This is a miracle in the human history of reducing poverty, and an enormous contribution to global poverty reduction and sustainable development endeavors.

(二)50年来,中国大力促进全球发展。经过持续奋斗,中国实现了第一个百年奋斗目标,在中华大地上全面建成了小康社会,历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题。中国提前10年完成联合国2030年可持续发展议程减贫目标,创造了人类减贫史上的奇迹,为在全球范围内推进减贫事业、实现可持续发展作出巨大贡献。

China attaches great importance to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It was among the first to publish the National Plan and three Progress Reports on the implementation of the Agenda, and has achieved early harvests in many areas. China has taken an active part in international poverty reduction cooperation, and facilitated the adoption of resolutions on rural poverty eradication at the UN General Assembly for three consecutive years. China has published a selection of poverty reduction cases in a book titled Eradication of Poverty: China's Practices. It has consistently increased input in international poverty reduction cooperation, and has fully implemented the 100 poverty reduction projects announced by President Xi Jinping and other major, practical steps to support fellow developing countries. Food security is critical to human survival. It is also an important part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China is actively involved in international agricultural cooperation, and has provided support to fellow developing countries within the South-South cooperation framework to the best of its ability. It has worked to promote international food and agriculture governance as well as global food security.

中国高度重视落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程,率先发布落实议程的国别方案和三期进展报告,在多个领域实现早期收获。中国积极参与国际减贫合作,推动联合国大会连续3年通过农村减贫决议,发布《消除绝对贫困 中国的实践》减贫案例选编。中国不断加大国际减贫合作投入,全面落实习近平主席宣布的“100个减贫项目”等一系列支持发展中国家重大务实举措。粮食安全事关人类生存之本,也是落实2030年可持续发展议程的重要内容。中国积极参与国际农业合作,在南南合作框架内为广大发展中国家提供力所能及的支持,推动国际粮农治理,促进全球粮食安全。

In 2013, President Xi Jinping put forward the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI follows the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, the philosophy of open, green and clean cooperation, and a high-standard, people-centered and sustainable approach. With connectivity as its main focus, Belt and Road cooperation aims to promote policy, infrastructure, trade, financial and people-to-people connectivity, and to contribute China's wisdom and solutions for better global governance system, greater development worldwide, and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. To date, 141 countries and 32 international organizations including 19 UN agencies have signed Belt and Road cooperation documents with China. A large number of cooperation projects have been delivered, which have enhanced the connectivity between countries and regions and given a strong boost to economic and social development and people's livelihood in relevant countries and regions. Belt and Road cooperation has demonstrated strong resilience and dynamism despite the COVID-19 pandemic and has played an important role in helping countries fight the coronavirus, stabilize the economy and ensure people's livelihood. The participants have worked actively to build a Silk Road of health, green and digital development, and foster new areas of cooperation. Such efforts have opened up new space for economic and social recovery and sustainable development, and provided strong support for the international community to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

2013年,习近平主席提出共建“一带一路”倡议。该倡议秉持共商共建共享原则,坚持开放、绿色、廉洁理念,努力实现高标准、惠民生、可持续的目标,以互联互通为主线,通过促进政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通,为完善全球治理体系、促进全球共同发展、推动构建人类命运共同体贡献了中国智慧与中国方案。截至目前,141个国家和包括19个联合国机构在内的32个国际组织签署了“一带一路”合作文件。一大批合作项目成功落地,提升了国家和地区间互联互通水平,有效促进有关国家和地区经济社会发展和民生改善。疫情背景下,共建“一带一路”合作依然展现出强劲韧性与旺盛活力,为各国抗疫情、稳经济、保民生发挥了重要作用。各方积极推动健康、绿色、数字丝绸之路建设,打造新合作增长点,为推动经济社会恢复和可持续发展开辟空间,为国际社会推进落实2030年可持续发展议程提供了有力支持。

President Xi Jinping proposed the Global Development Initiative at the General Debate of the 76th Session of the UN General Assembly, with a view to speeding up the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by the international community and achieving more robust, greener and more balanced global development. This Initiative embraces the people-centered core concept, takes the betterment of people's well-being and realization of their well-rounded development as the starting point and ultimate goal, and endeavors to meet the aspirations of all nations for a better life. It focuses on development as the master key to addressing all problems, and strives to solve difficult issues of development and create more opportunities for development, leaving no countries and no individuals behind. This Initiative follows the guidelines of practical cooperation, responds to the dynamics and urgent needs of global development, and has identified priority areas including poverty alleviation, food security, COVID-19 and vaccines, financing for development, climate change and green development, industrialization, digital economy, and connectivity. It has put forward cooperation proposals and plans to translate development consensus into pragmatic actions. It is an important public good and cooperation platform that China provides to the international community.

习近平主席在第76届联大一般性辩论期间提出全球发展倡议,推动国际社会加快落实2030年可持续发展议程,实现更加强劲、绿色、健康的全球发展。倡议秉持以人民为中心的核心理念,将增进人民福祉、实现人的全面发展作为出发点和落脚点,把各国人民对美好生活的向往作为努力目标,紧紧抓住发展这个解决一切问题的总钥匙,全力破解发展难题、创造更多发展机遇,努力实现不让任何一国、任何一人掉队的目标。倡议遵循务实合作的行动指南,把握全球发展脉搏和迫切需求,把减贫、粮食安全、抗疫和疫苗、发展筹资、气候变化和绿色发展、工业化、数字经济、互联互通等作为重点合作领域,提出合作设想和方案,将发展共识转化为务实行动。全球发展倡议是中国为国际社会提供的重要公共产品和合作平台。

China has worked tirelessly to advance international cooperation on climate change. During the negotiations on the Paris Agreement in 2015, China called on all parties to work in the same direction and build consensus, making an important contribution to the conclusion of the Agreement as scheduled. At the General Debate of the 75th Session of the UN General Assembly in September 2020, President Xi Jinping announced China's commitment to strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. China has committed to move from carbon peak to carbon neutrality in a much shorter time span than what might take the developed countries, which requires extraordinarily hard efforts. China has accepted the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, and tightened regulations over non-carbon dioxide emissions, and its national carbon market has started trading.

中国为推动应对气候变化全球合作不懈努力。2015年,中方在《巴黎协定》谈判中推动各方相向而行、凝聚共识,为协定如期达成作出重大贡献。2020年9月,习近平主席在第75届联大一般性辩论上宣布,中国将力争2030年前实现碳达峰、努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。中国承诺实现从碳达峰到碳中和的时间,远远短于发达国家所用时间,需要付出艰苦努力。中方已接受《〈蒙特利尔议定书〉基加利修正案》,加强非二氧化碳温室气体管控,并已启动全国碳市场上线交易。

China has accelerated the transition toward clean and low-carbon energy. In 2020, China's non-fossil energy accounted for 15.9 percent of its primary energy consumption, reaching the world average, and the proportion of coal consumption lowered to 56.8 percent. China will strictly control coal-fired power generation projects, strictly limit the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and phase it down in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. China has given priority to developing non-fossil energy, and remained the world's number one in terms of the installed capacity of hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic power and nuclear power plants under construction. By the end of 2020, China's installed capacity of clean energy accounted for nearly half of the total installed capacity. China has vigorously advanced the ultra-low emissions and energy-saving renovation of coal-fired power generating units. Over 100 million kilowatts of outdated coal-fired power generating units were closed. The average coal consumption for power supply from thermal power plants dropped to 305.5g/kWh. China has built the world's largest clean coal power supply system. President Xi Jinping solemnly announced, in his address at the General Debate of the 76th Session of the UN General Assembly, that China will step up support for other developing countries in developing green and low-carbon energy, and will not build new coal-fired power projects abroad.

中国加快推进能源清洁低碳转型发展。2020年,中国非化石能源占一次能源消费的比重达到15.9%,已达世界平均水平,煤炭消费比重降至56.8%。中国将严控煤电项目,在“十四五”时期严控煤炭消费增长,“十五五”时期逐步减少。优先发展非化石能源,水电、风电、光伏、在建核电装机规模等多项指标保持世界第一。截至2020年底,清洁能源发电装机规模占总装机比重接近50%。中国大力推进煤电机组超低排放和节能改造,累计关停落后煤电机组超1亿千瓦,火电厂平均供电煤耗降至305.5克/千瓦时,建成了世界上最大的清洁煤电供应体系。习近平主席在第76届联大一般性辩论上郑重宣布,中国将大力支持发展中国家能源绿色低碳发展,不再新建境外煤电项目。

China attaches great importance to protecting biological diversity. It has firmly promoted international cooperation and exchanges in this field, engaged deeply in the governance process of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and strictly fulfilled its treaty obligations to advance global governance on biodiversity. China is an important participant in, a contributor to, and a pacesetter for the multilateral process on biodiversity. President Xi Jinping made an important speech at the 2020 UN Summit on Biodiversity. He made a four-point proposal on global environmental governance, namely, adhering to ecological civilization, upholding multilateralism, continuing with green development, and heightening the sense of responsibility. He also shared China's experience of biodiversity governance and contribution to global environmental governance. From 11 to 15 October 2021, the first part of the 15th Meeting of the Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity was held in Kunming. President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech and put forward four propositions: taking the development of ecological civilization as the guide to coordinate the relationship between man and Nature; letting green transition drive the efforts to facilitate global sustainable development; concentrating on bettering people's well-being to promote social equity and justice; and taking international law as the basis to uphold a fair and equitable international governance system. These represent China's proposals to high-quality development of humanity, and have injected fresh impetus into global biodiversity governance.

中方高度重视生物多样性保护工作,坚定推动生物多样性国际合作与交流,深度参与《生物多样性公约》治理进程,严格履行条约义务,积极推进全球生物多样性治理,是生物多样性多边进程的重要参与者、贡献者和引领者。2020年,习近平主席在联合国生物多样性峰会上发表重要讲话,就全球环境治理提出坚持生态文明、坚持多边主义、保持绿色发展和增强责任心的四点主张,分享中国生物多样性治理经验及对全球环境治理的贡献。2021年10月11日至15日,《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会第一阶段会议于昆明成功举办,习近平主席发表主旨讲话,提出了以生态文明建设为引领,协调人与自然关系;以绿色转型为驱动,助力全球可持续发展;以人民福祉为中心,促进社会公平正义;以国际法为基础,维护公平合理的国际治理体系四点主张,为人类高质量发展提供了中国方案,为全球生物多样性治理注入新动力。

China is committed to advancing sustainable transport and connectivity in the world. From 14 to 16 October 2021, the Second UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference was held in Beijing. President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech and made five propositions: upholding open interplay and enhancing connectivity; upholding common development and promoting fairness and inclusiveness; upholding an innovation-driven approach and creating more drivers for development; upholding ecological conservation as a priority and pursuing green and low-carbon development; and upholding multilateralism and improving global governance. This is a contribution of China's wisdom to advancing sustainable transport and achieving sustainable development. The Conference released the Beijing Statement, which encourages countries to enhance cooperation, capacity building and knowledge exchange in the field of sustainable transport, accelerate sustainable transport transformation, contribute to the post-pandemic green recovery, and foster more new drivers for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

中国积极致力于推进全球可持续交通与互联互通。2021年10月14日至16日,第二届联合国全球可持续交通大会在北京举办,习近平主席发表主旨讲话,提出了坚持开放联动,推进互联互通;坚持共同发展,促进公平普惠;坚持创新驱动,增强发展动能;坚持生态优先,实现绿色低碳;坚持多边主义,完善全球治理五点主张,为推进可持续交通、实现可持续发展贡献了中国智慧。大会发表《北京宣言》,鼓励各国加强可持续交通领域合作,积极开展交通能力建设、知识交流等,加快向可持续交通转型,助力全球疫后绿色复苏,为推动落实2030年可持续发展议程积聚更多新动能。

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