金墉在世界银行与IMF2013全体会上的讲话 中英对照
日期:2013-10-19 10:22

(单词翻译:单击)

One Group, Two Goals: Our Future Path

一个集团,两大目标:我们的未来之路

-- Speech at Annual Meetings Plenary

——在年会全体会上的讲话

World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim

世界银行集团行长金墉

Washington, DC, United States

华盛顿,美国

October 11, 2013

2013年10月11日

Thank you, Mr. Chairman,

谢谢主席先生。

Mr. Chairman, Governors, honored guests,

主席先生,各位理事,各位贵宾,

Good morning. It is great to see all of you today. This is my second Annual Meetings, and as I look back on the last year, I am very grateful for all the counsel and support I have received from the Governors, from IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde, and from so many of you here today. Thank you so much.

早上好。很高兴今天见到各位。这是我的第二次年会,回顾过去的一年,我非常感谢各位理事、IMF总裁拉加德以及今天在座的各位给予我的建议和支持。谢谢各位。

Today, I’d like to start with a brief overview of the state of the global economy, and lessons we can draw from it as we look to the future of the World Bank Group.

今天,我想首先对全球经济状况以及展望世界银行集团的未来我们能够从中汲取什么教训做一个简要的概述。

As all of us here know well, we remain in a period of uncertainty.

在座的各位都很清楚,我们仍处在一个充满不确定性的时期。

This year, we’re seeing slow growth in the United States, Europe and Japan – but we must also note that this is the first time in several years that all three are moving in a positive direction. Growth in developing countries slowed in the first half of the year, but early indications point to stronger momentum in the third quarter.

今年,我们目睹了美国、欧洲和日本的经济增长放慢,但我们也必须看到,这是几年来第一次这三者都在朝着积极的方向行进。发展中国家的增长今年上半年出现放缓,但初步迹象显示三季度增长势头走强。

Yet, the political gridlock today in Washington and the looming deadline on the US debt ceiling is starting to unsettle global markets. We urge policymakers here in Washington to come to a resolution as quickly as possible to avoid what could be catastrophic impacts from a default. Just two years ago, in 2011, we saw that a near miss of a US debt default had major impacts lasting for months. This time could be more serious. Uncertainty and volatility make it more difficult for developing countries to access needed finance, and this would both slow investment and negatively impact growth. And the poor and vulnerable would suffer the most.

然而,目前华盛顿深陷政治僵局,美国债务上限的最后期限逐渐逼近,已经开始动摇全球市场。我们敦促华盛顿的政策制定者尽快达成解决方案,以避免一旦出现债务违约可能造成的灾难性影响。仅仅两年前,即2011年,我们就看到差点出现的债务违约造成的重大影响持续了数月之久,这一次很可能会更严重。不确定性和动荡使发展中国家更难获得所需要的融资,不仅会导致投资放慢,还会对增长造成负面影响。而受害最大的是贫困弱势人群。

The economies in the developing world already were unsettled a few months ago, following the US Federal Reserve’s announcement in May of the eventual tapering of quantitative easing. Just the possibility of the scaling back of bond purchases resulted in declining capital inflows, higher interest rates and depreciating currencies in several major middle-income countries.

从美联储5月份宣布最终逐渐退出量化宽松之后,几个月来发展中经济体已经出现不稳。仅缩小债券认购规模就已导致几个主要中等收入国家资本流入下降、利率上升和货币贬值。

Three weeks ago, the Fed’s announcement to delay tapering lifted markets and stopped the upward movement in global long-term interest rates. This provided a reprieve for those economies which are most vulnerable.

三周前,美联储宣布推迟退出量化宽松提振了市场并停止了全球长期利率上行,这也为那些最脆弱的经济体提供了一个缓冲期。


But this breathing space doesn’t mean policymakers should relax. Instead, policymakers should take advantage of this small window to build their economies’ resilience through appropriate macroeconomic management, to strengthen balance sheets, and to move their financial systems onto sounder footing.

但这种喘息空间并不意味着政策制定者可以松口气了。相反,政策制定者应当充分利用这个小窗口,通过适当的宏观经济管理建立其经济的适应能力,加强资产负债表,并将其金融体系转移到更健全的基础上。

Over the years, this is the kind of advice that many countries have learned to appreciate from the World Bank Group – even if it’s painful to implement. But for too long, the World Bank itself has not followed its own advice. Indeed, we have often postponed tough choices.

多年来,这正是许多国家学会欣赏的来自世界银行集团的建议——即使落实起来难度很大。但长期以来,世界银行本身也没有遵循自己的建议。事实上,我们经常推迟作出困难的抉择。

That’s changing. We are taking our own medicine. We’re strengthening our financial discipline to become more efficient and grow our revenues. Just as we tell finance ministers, we also need to plan for the longer term, shore up our revenue base, seek ways to save, and build a stronger foundation for years to come. We’re doing this for a simple reason: Six months ago, our Governors endorsed two goals -- to end extreme poverty by 2030 and to boost shared prosperity for the bottom 40 percent of the population in developing countries. If we have high aspirations for the poor, if our work is to be aligned with our goals, we must be as efficient and focused as possible.

这种情况正在改变。我们正在服用自己开的药。我们正在加强财务纪律,提高效率,增加收入。正如我们对财长们所言,我们还需要做好更长远的计划,加强我们的收入基础,设法节省开支,建立一个持之以恒的更强大的基础。我们这样做的原因很简单:半年前,我们的理事会批准了两大目标:到2030年终结极度贫困和促进发展中国家底层40%的人口共享繁荣。如果我们对贫困人口抱有很高的愿望,如果我们的工作与我们的目标相一致,我们必须尽可能做到高效和集中精力。

In our search for savings, we’ll aim to cut costs annually by at least $400 million dollars in three years’ time. We’ll accomplish this by taking a fresh look at all of our policies and processes. This includes reducing costs from our travel and facilities, as well as simplifying our bureaucracy and strategically reviewing our staffing. These savings will directly benefit our clients, as we will reprogram these resources toward new loans.

为了节省开支,我们的目标是在三年时间内每年至少降低成本4亿美元。为了达到这个目标,我们将重新审视政策和流程,这包括减少出差和设施的费用,简化官僚程序,并从战略角度评估人员。节省下来的资金将直接用于我们的客户,我们将重新规划这些资源用于新的贷款。

Our financial review, though, isn’t limited to finding cost savings. It’s also about reforming the way we budget as a Group, aligning it with our strategy, and aggressively exploring new ways to grow revenue to better serve our clients. This could come from developing new financial tools and from accelerating the growth of the IFC, our private sector arm, and MIGA, which provides political risk insurance. Over the long term, I strongly believe the World Bank Group will become a more influential player in development for one simple reason: We are uniquely positioned to offer our clients global development solutions across sectors, countries, issues and partners. The diverse needs of lower- and middle-income countries will continue to evolve and we’re determined to become an ever more indispensable partner in helping them meet their biggest challenges, such as creating jobs and addressing climate change.

不过,我们的财务审查不局限于寻找节约成本的途径。这也是关于改革我们作为一个集团的预算方式,使其与我们的战略保持一致,并积极探索新的方式来增加收入,更好地服务于我们的客户。这可以来自于开发新的金融工具,来自于加快我们面向私营部门的IFC(国际金融公司)和提供政治风险担保的MIGA(多边投资担保机构)的成长。从长远来看,我坚信世界银行集团将在发展中发挥更大的影响,原因很简单:我们有得天独厚的优势,为客户提供跨部门、跨国家、跨议题和跨合作方的全球发展解决方案。低收入和中等收入国家的各种需求将会不断演变,我们决心成为一个日益不可缺少的合作伙伴,帮助他们应对面临的最大挑战,比如创造就业和应对气候变化。

Next spring, when we meet again, additional outcomes will be apparent from this financial review. In April, we will present a new roadmap of our finances. We will incorporate measures to grow our revenues, increase our financial capacity to serve clients, and improve our efficiency. Tomorrow, the Development Committee will discuss the first-ever World Bank Group strategy that brings together all parts of the institution, working toward achieving our two goals.

明年春天,当我们再次见面时,这一财务审查将会产生更多的结果。明年4月,我们将提出新的融资路线图,我们将采纳增收节支、增强服务客户的财力和提高工作效率的措施。明天,发展委员会将讨论世界银行集团的首个整合各机构部门协力推进两大目标的新战略。

But let’s step back for a moment, and look at the state of extreme poverty in the world and what it will take to reach our goals. Just yesterday we released a report showing that of those in extreme poverty around the world, one in three is a child. That equals more than 400 million children. What more motivation do we need to accelerate progress toward the goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030? How can we in good conscience not do all we can to lift 400 million children, their families, and hundreds of millions of others out of poverty and into a life of opportunity?

但是,让我们暂且退后一步,看看世界上存在的极度贫困状态,看看需要采取什么行动来达到我们的目标。就在昨天我们发布了一份报告,显示在世界各地深陷极贫状态的人口中,每三人就有一个儿童,这相当于4亿多儿童。我们难道还需要更大的动力来加快实现到2030年终结极度贫困的目标吗?我们凭良心还能不竭尽全力帮助4亿儿童、他们的家庭和亿万民众摆脱贫困和获得新生吗?

Some have said that we need to make this goal more urgent. Just two days ago, we announced that if we are going to be on the path of reaching 3 percent of the population living in extreme poverty by 2030, we must get to 9 percent by 2020. This would be an historic accomplishment. But it will not be easy.

有人说我们需要增大这个目标的紧迫感。就在两天前,我们宣布如果想要稳步达到2030年将极贫人口比例降低到3%的目标,我们必须到2020年降低到9%。这将是一项历史性的成就,但并非轻而易举。

Our economists found that if developing countries were to grow at the same rate as they have over the last two decades, the percentage of people living in extreme poverty will be roughly 8 percent globally by 2030. That will also mean that poverty would remain stubbornly and unacceptably high in many low-income countries. We’ve found that the only way to end extreme poverty will be for many developing countries to grow at their fastest rates during periods of the last two decades.

我们的经济学家发现,如果发展中国家以过去20年相同的速度增长,到2030年全球极贫人口比例将达到8%左右。这也意味着,贫困现象在许多低收入国家依然根深蒂固,贫困率之高依然令人无法接受。我们发现,对许多发展中国家而言,终结极度贫困的唯一办法是以过去20年间达到的最快速度增长。

That illustrates the true nature of the challenge before us, and it means that we can’t revert to business as usual. When I started my tenure at the World Bank Group some 16 months ago, I discovered a staff with a tremendous depth of knowledge and experience. I also found a staff frustrated with the institution. Many wanted their work to have greater impact. They chafed at a bureaucracy that had turned our six regional units into silos, with each one reluctant to share its technical expertise with the others. So if you were the leader of a country, and you faced out-of-control health care costs, with new hospitals going up in district after district, and you turned to us for advice on how to control costs, we gladly gave you advice – but it was almost always limited to your region alone.

这说明了摆在我们面前的挑战的真实性质,这意味着我们不能照常规行事。当我16个月前开始就职世界银行集团时,我发现员工拥有丰富的知识和经验,我还发现员工对这个机构灰心丧气,很多人希望自己的工作能产生更大的影响。他们对分成六大地区部门相互隔绝、互不交流的官僚制度深恶痛绝。因此,如果你是一个国家的领导者,你面临着医疗成本失控,而各地又不断建设新医院,所以你要求世行提供如何控制成本的建议,我们很乐意给你建议,但几乎总是局限于您所在的地区。


Under our new organizational model, when you ask us for help, we’ll look across our entire institution and offer the most up-to-date, state-of-the-art global knowledge and experience, with a deep bench of experts who know what has worked and what hasn’t in all regions of the world, from inside and outside our organization. In six months, new leadership for all the Global Practices will be in place, and this will have set in motion the realignment of a vast portion of the institution -- involving roughly 4,000 technical experts.

按照我们新的组织模式,当你向我们求助时,我们会环顾整个机构,提供最先进、最尖端的全球知识和经验,以一支实力雄厚的专家队伍作后盾,他们了解哪些方式对世界各地都有效而哪些无效,这些专家有的来自我们机构内部,有的来自外部。半年内,负责全球实践的新领导班子就将到位,这将启动机构的大规模调整,涉及约4000名技术专家。

We’re also committed to being a partner that will be easier to work with. Last year during the Annual Meetings in Tokyo, a Minister of Finance told me in front of a large group that, for the first few months in his position, he felt it was his job to spend hours learning about our complex organizational structure to understand how we worked. He said the bureaucracy was so complex that out of frustration he reduced his engagement with us.

我们也致力于成为一个更容易共事的合作伙伴。去年,在东京年会期间,一位财长当着很多人的面对我说,在他就职的最初几个月,他感到有必要花时间搞清楚我们复杂的组织结构,以便弄明白我们是怎样工作的。他说,官僚机构实在是太复杂了,无奈之下他减少了同我们的联系。

That should never happen. A development institution can’t operate effectively when its clients are confused, and when its most prized possession – knowledge – is walled off into disjointed, non-communicating silos. A development institution, like a business, needs to find innovative solutions, capture best practices, and share lessons of success and failure widely and as quickly as possible.

这种事情不应该发生。在客户感到困惑,当最宝贵的知识财富被相互隔绝、互不交流的情况下,一个发展机构是不能有效运作的。一个发展机构就像一个企业,需要找到创新解决方案,获取最佳实践,广泛和尽快地分享成功经验和失败教训。

This is my promise: The World Bank Group will openly share our knowledge and experience with all 188 member countries, the private sector, and civil society.

这是我的承诺:世界银行集团将与所有188个成员国、私营部门和公民社会公开分享我们的知识和经验。

The frustrated finance minister’s story also helped me define what success should look like: In the future, I expect Finance and Development Ministers to say that we are more responsive, easier to work with, and provide them with invaluable global knowledge to solve local development challenges. As we become that World Bank Group in the next few years, we’ll not only succeed in the eyes of ministers, we’ll also succeed in the eyes of those who matter to us most: the poor and vulnerable.

那位灰心丧气的财长的故事也帮助我认定了成功应该是什么样:在未来的日子里,我期望财长和发展部长们会说,我们反应快了,容易合作了,为他们提供了宝贵的全球知识来解决当地的发展挑战。当我们在未来几年成为这样的世界银行集团时,我们不仅在政府部长们的眼里是成功的,我们在那些对我们最重要的人群,即贫困和弱势人群的眼里也是成功的。

But we know we must do more than change our structure. We must change our internal culture as well. For our staff, this means we will reward collaboration, performance and accountability, all tied to our goals of ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity. We want to create a culture that retains our most motivated and talented people and attracts the best and brightest to the World Bank Group. We must all embrace the change.

但是,我们清楚我们必须要做的不仅仅是改变我们的结构,还必须改变我们的内部文化。对于我们的员工来说,这意味着奖励协作、绩效和问责,一切都与我们消除贫困和促进共享繁荣的目标挂钩。我们要创造一种文化,能够留住我们最积极、最有才华的员工,并吸引出类拔萃的人才加入世界银行集团。我们所有人都必须拥抱变革。

We will use our knowledge to become a bolder institution. Let me give you one example. We’re launching today an initiative to provide universal financial access to all working-age adults by 2020. Globally, 2.5 billion adults have no mechanisms to save money, let alone pay bills through a savings account or a mobile phone. We believe we can chart a path toward universal financial access by bringing together multiple approaches and technologies. This is exactly the type of ambitious project that can help lift many people, especially women, out of poverty.

我们将利用我们的知识成为一个更大胆的机构。我举一个例子:我们今天启动了一项倡议,到2020年为所有工作年龄的成年人提供普惠金融。在全球范围内有25亿成年人没有储蓄机制,更不用说通过存款帐户或手机付账。我们相信我们可以利用多种方式和技术开辟普惠金融之路。这正是能够有助广大民众特别是妇女脱贫的那类雄心勃勃的项目。

We will also measure more effectively whether our programs are successful. This means getting delivery right – what we’ve been calling the science of delivery, which is fundamentally a much more rigorous and systematic focus on outcomes. To help us get these results, I am creating a Presidential Delivery Unit, which, as far as I know, is the first of its kind in a multi-lateral organization.

我们还将更有效地衡量我们的计划是否成功。这意味着把交付的事情做好,也就是我们所说的交付科学,从根本上说这是一门更加严谨和系统地注重结果的科学。为了帮助我们取得这些结果,我正在建立一个行长交付部门,据我所知,这在多边机构中将首开先河。

Initially, we’ll be looking at several aspects of our work that are good indicators of how we’re performing in the field and inside our organization. I’ll be personally following all of them. Here are three examples:

在开始阶段,我们将着眼于有利考核实地和机构内部绩效的几个方面的工作,我将会亲自监督。下面举三个例子:

First, we know that we must decrease administrative barriers. We promise to reduce transaction times by a third from conception of a project to first disbursement of funds

第一,我们知道我们必须减少行政壁垒。我们承诺将从项目构思到首笔资金拨付的交易时间缩短三分之一。

Second, we must become a better listener. Last year, we had beneficiary feedback on 34 percent of our projects. We promise that for our projects with clear beneficiaries, we will get feedback – from every single one of them, 100 percent.

第二,我们必须成为更好的倾听者。去年,我们34%的项目有受益人反馈。我们承诺将对所有受益人明确的项目收集反馈 ——每个项目都要收集,百分之百。

Third, we know that our partners and clients need to know where we work in order to better coordinate all of our collective resources. We promise to add rich detail to our maps so that anyone will be able to go online, click on the maps, and immediately learn where we are working and what we are doing.

第三,我们知道我们的合作伙伴和客户需要了解我们在哪里工作,以便更好地协调我们的集体资源。我们承诺给我们的地图添加更多的细节,以便任何人都能上网通过点击地图马上就可以了解到我们在哪里工作和做什么。

We also are recommitting ourselves to work in fragile and conflict-affected states, and we will substantially increase our funding through IFC and IDA, our fund for the poorest. IDA has achieved transformational results for the poor in these difficult contexts, and IDA17 will help us accelerate this work over the next three years.

我们也重申要在脆弱和受冲突影响国家开展工作,我们将通过IFC和面向最贫困国家的IDA大幅增加资金投入。IDA在困难重重的环境中为贫困人口带来了巨大成效, IDA17将在未来三年帮助我们加快这些工作。

In Afghanistan, this means building on successes--achieved with many partners--in educating girls. Just 12 years ago, Afghan girls were largely shut out of primary school. Today, with the help of IDA and other donors, nearly three million girls are in primary school, while female enrollment has skyrocketed in universities, vocational schools, and in enterprise development programs

在阿富汗,这意味着在与多方合作伙伴共同推进女童教育的成功基础上再接再厉。就在12年前,阿富汗女孩在很大程度上被小学拒之门外。而今天,在IDA和其他援助方的帮助下,近300万女童进入小学上学,大学和职业学校以及企业发展计划中女性的入学人数也大大增加。

In Mali, which has returned to democracy after 18 months of upheaval, we are working together as one World Bank Group—IDA, IFC and MIGA--to help scale up clean hydropower potential, increase food production, and improve education and governance. IDA is critical to sustainable progress in Mali by funding programs which help those shut of out of the development process--women, the poor, and minorities. Through these programs, we are trying to get at the root of the problem.

在经过18个月动荡后刚刚回归民主的马里,我们整合世界银行集团各机构IDA、IFC和IDA——帮助开发清洁水电潜力,增加粮食生产,改善教育,加强治理。 IDA资助那些帮助被发展进程拒之门外的妇女、穷人和少数族裔的项目,对推动马里的可持续进步发挥着重要作用。通过这些项目,我们试图从根源上解决问题。

And in Myanmar, which is in the midst of a transition to democracy, we’re helping the government move from a state-centered economy to one that is more market oriented. We’ve helped them set up a politically independent central bank just weeks ago, which will promote economic and financial stability. And, because three-quarters of its citizens are without power, our board recently approved an IDA credit of $140 million dollars to build a clean, energy-efficient natural gas-fired plant.

在处于民主过渡进程中的缅甸,我们帮助政府从国有经济向市场化转变。就在几周前,我们帮助缅甸建立了一个政治上独立的中央银行,这将促进经济和金融稳定。由于四分之三的公民没有通电,我们董事会最近批准提供IDA信贷1.4亿美元,用于建设一座清洁、节能的天然气发电厂。

These ambitious efforts in Afghanistan, Mali, and Myanmar represent just a few examples of how the World Bank Group is working to become a more effective solutions bank for fragile countries.

在阿富汗、马里和缅甸开展的这些雄心勃勃的工作,只是几个例子来说明世界银行集团努力成为一个面向脆弱国家的更有效的解决方案银行。

Over the past decade, IDA has had a stunning impact, including funding immunizations for 600 million children, and giving better access to water and health services for about 120 million people. To build on this work, have a transformational impact, and reach our goals, we need a strong IDA17 replenishment this year. It will help create more jobs, increase educational opportunities for girls, and address climate change risks.

在过去10年中,IDA产生了惊人的影响,包括资助为6亿儿童接种疫苗,为大约1.2亿人提供更好的供水和卫生服务。在这些工作的基础上,为了产生变革性的影响,为了达到我们的目标,今年我们需要充足的IDA17增资。这将有助于创造更多的就业岗位,增加女童的受教育机会,应对气候变化的风险。

IDA is also helping to build strong institutions--from the management of natural resource revenues, to tax administration--that help countries finance their own development. But we need your help. We’re asking you to increase where you can and to at least maintain your precious contribution to IDA. I’m committed to ensuring that IDA is the best instrument for the global community to tackle the toughest, most complex development issues in the most difficult places.

IDA也帮助建立强有力的制度,包括加强自然资源收入管理和税收管理以便解决各国自身发展的融资。但是我们需要各位的帮助。我们恳请各位在可能的情况下增加捐资额,至少也要保持上次的捐资额。我承诺将确保IDA成为国际社会在最困难的地方解决最棘手、最复杂的发展问题的最佳工具。

In closing, let me note that our institution, founded 69 years ago, has had many great successes. Working together with governments and development partners, we have helped lift hundreds of millions of people out of extreme poverty.

最后,我想指出,我们这个69年前成立的机构取得了许多伟大的成就。我们与政府和发展伙伴共同努力,帮助亿万人摆脱了极贫状况。

We are committed to becoming even better, and we will act boldly, without fear.

我们承诺将再接再厉,更上一层楼。我们将采取大胆行动,毫不畏惧。

And always we will speak loudly on behalf of the poor and powerless. As Martin Luther King Jr., once said, “Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.” Our purpose is clear, our voice unwavering. No one should live in the abysmal conditions of extreme poverty, living on less than a dollar and 25 cents a day. Extreme poverty in our world is morally reprehensible, and more painful to witness with each passing day. Together, we must urgently lift a billion people from extreme poverty, help them to regain dignity, help them find hope, and help them change their own lives -- and the whole world’s future -- for the better.

我们将永远代表贫困弱势人群大声疾呼。正如马丁·路德·金曾经说过,“从我们对重要的事情沉默不语的那一天起,我们的生命也开始结束。”我们的目的是明确的,我们的声音是坚定不移的。没有人应该生活在极贫状态,每天靠不到1.25美元为生。在我们这个世界上极度贫困应该在道义上受到谴责,而且越来越难以容忍。我们必须齐心协力,尽快帮助10亿人民摆脱极度贫困,帮助他们重拾尊严,帮助他们找到希望,帮助他们改变自己的生活和整个世界的未来,使其变得更加美好。

Thank you very much.

谢谢各位。


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重点单词
  • tacklev. 处理,对付,阻截 n. 用具,滑车,对付
  • transitionn. 过渡,转变
  • incorporateadj. 合并的,公司组织的,具体化的 v. 合并,组成
  • witnessn. 目击者,证人 vt. 目击,见证,出席,观察,经历
  • regainv. 恢复,重回,复得
  • creditn. 信用,荣誉,贷款,学分,赞扬,赊欠,贷方 (复)c
  • efficiencyn. 效率,功率
  • invaluableadj. 无价的
  • beneficiaryn. 受惠者,受益人
  • prosperityn. 繁荣,兴旺