英汉翻译基本原理第五讲：有哪些常用的翻译技巧？（续）

　　（二）合句法：

　　【例124】 Towards evening, the attack of the French slackened in its fury. They had other foes besides the British to engage, or were preparing for a final onset.

　　【译文】 将近傍晚，法军的攻势逐渐松懈，或许因为它们除了英国人之外还有别的交战敌人，或许正在准备发动最后的一次总攻击。

　　【例125】 The remembrance rankles still in the bosoms of millions of the countrymen. They pant for an opportunity of revenging that humiliation.

　　【译文】 千百万同胞们至今回想起此事依然觉得懊丧，恨不得有机会赶快报仇雪耻。

　　【例126】 The coup d'etat of Thermidor was staged on July 27, 1704. Robespierre and his supporters were overthrown and the Committee of Public Safety was ended.

　　【译文】 1794年7月27日的热月政变推翻了罗伯斯庇尔及其支持者，公安委员会也随之倒台。

　　三、被动语态的译法：

　　（一）译成汉语主动句：

　　1、原文有动作执行者或其他相关成分可作译文主语时，被动句可译成主动句

　　【例127】 What is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failure legislated for. It is a failure which has been carefully designed.

　　【译文】 外界很少有人知道，这种无法做到的情况是立法造成的，是经过精心策划的。

　　【例128】 American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels.

　　【译文】 允许美国俘虏领取红十字会的食品包裹。

　　【例129】 When (it is) seen through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge.

　　【译文】 用望远镜看，太阳接近边缘的部分显得略暗。

　　【例130】 One must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics.

　　【译文】 必须承认，这些统计数字反映了许多不满情绪。

　　【例131】 A surprising amount of one's time as a student or professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients.

　　【译文】 学生或职业人士花费大量时间撰写报告，以向老师、经理或客户讲述研究项目的成果。

　　2、原文动词的汉语对应动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，被动句可译作主动句

　　【例132】 The old woman's body was found at the end of the alley.

　　【译文】 老妇人的尸体在小巷尽头发现了。

　　【例133】 In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.

　　【译文】 搬家时大部分家具要么留给了邻居，要么分给了朋友。

　　3. 运用词性转译法技巧，将英语被动语态译作汉语主动语态

　　【例134】 Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender.

　　【译文】 对于各项计划的评估，不要看其令人们高兴的程度，使人们满意的程度，而要看其引起的不满情绪属于什么性质。

　　4. 转换成其他表达方式，将英语被动语态译作汉语主动语态

　　【例135】 The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.

　　【译文】 由于打破了权力的高度集中，经济获得了自由。

　　【例136】 These brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers for executing the orders.

　　【译文】 这些经纪人按买家和卖家的嘱咐进行交易，从中收取佣金。

　　【例137】 Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible.

　　【译文】 有些人误认为人们喜欢积蓄精力，喜欢休息，喜欢尽可能褒扬自己。

　　5. 重新组织原文的语句结构，将英语被动语态译作汉语主动语态

　　【例138】 When the ideas of a scientist are expressed in simple mathematical form, new relationships and new channels of investigation often suggest themselves.

　　【译文】 科学家在用简单的数学形式表达概念时，研究工作常常会表现出新的关系和新的途径。

　　【例139】 A ten percent reduction in auto accidents has been realized by exercising a tighter control on the highway　speed limit.

　　【译文】 由于加强了公路车速限制，车祸事故减少了一成。

　　【例140】 The behavior of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors.

　　【译文】 在管道中流动的液体，其性能受到多种因素的影响。