英文

现在让我们来观察欣赏一位中国学者自述的快乐时刻，十七世纪印象派大批评家金圣叹在《西厢记》的批语中，曾写下他觉得最快乐的时刻，这是他和他的朋友在十日的阴雨连绵中，住在一所庙宇里计算出来的。

Chin's Thirty-three Happy Moments

We are now better prepared to examine and appreciate the happy moments of a Chinese,as he describes them. Chin Shengt'an, that great impressionistic critic of the seventeenth century, has given us, between his commentaries on the play Western Chamber, an enumeration of the happy moments which he once counted together with his friend, when they were shut up in a temple for ten days on account of rainy weather. These then are what he considers the truly happy moments of human life, moments in which the spirit is inextricably tied up with the senses:

i: It is a hot day in June when the sun hangs still in the sky and there is not a whiff of wind or air, nor a trace of clouds;the front and back yards are hot like an oven and not a single bird dares to fly about. Perspiration flows down my whole body in little rivulets. There is the noon-day meal before me, but I cannot take it for the sheer heat. I ask for a mat to spread on the ground and lie down, but the mat is wet with moisture and flies swarm about to rest on my nose and refuse to be driven away. Just at this moment when I am completely helpless, suddenly there is a rumbling of thunder and big sheets of black clouds overcast the sky and come majestically on like a great army advancing to battle. Rain water begins to pour down from the eaves like a cataract. The perspiration stops. The clamminess of the ground is gone. All flies disappear to hide themselves and I can eat my rice. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: A friend, one I have not seen for ten years, suddenly arrives at sunset. I open the door to receive him, and without asking whether he came by boat or by land, and without bidding him When a Chinese draws up a set of seventeen or eighteen regulations, it is his custom (the idiom of our language) to set them down as "Articles I, I, I, I, I, I, "etc. to sit down on the bed or the couch, I go to the inner chamber and humbly ask my wife: "Have you got a gallon of wine like Su Tungp'o's wife?" My wife gladly takes out her gold hairpin to sell it. I calculate it will last us three days. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I am sitting alone in an empty room and I am just getting annoyed at a mouse at the head of my bed, and wondering what that little rustling sound signifies what article of mine he is biting or what volume of my books he is eating up. While I am in this state of mind, and don't know what to do, I suddenly see a ferocious-looking cat, wagging its tail and staring with its wide open eyes, as if it were looking at something. I hold my breath and wait a moment, keeping perfectly still, and suddenly with a little sound the mouse disappears like a whiff of wind. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I have pulled out the haif'ang and chihchhig \! in front of my studio, and have just planted ten or twenty green banana trees there. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I am drinking with some romantic friends on a spring night and am just half intoxicated, finding it difficult to stop drinking and equally difficult to go on. An understanding boy servant at the side suddenly brings in a package of big fire-crackers, about a dozen in number, and I rise from the table and go and fire them off. The smell of sulphur assails my nostrils and enters my brain and I feel comfortable all over my body. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I am walking in the street and see two poor rascals engaged in a hot argument of words with their faces flushed and their eyes staring

with anger as if they were mortal enemies, and yet they still pretend to be ceremonious to each other, raising their arms and bending their waists in salute, and still using CD Huit'un^ is of the pyrns family, bearing fruits like crab-apples, and chthchin^ blossoms in spring, with small violet flowers growing directly on the trunks and branches.the most polished language of thou and thee and wherefore and is it not sof The flow of words is interminable. Suddenly there appears a big husky fellow swinging his arms and coming up to them, and with a shout tells them to disperse. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To hear our children recite the classics so fluently, like the sound of pouring water from a vase. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: Having nothing to do after a meal I go to the shops and take a fancy to a little thing. After bargaining for some time, we still haggle about a small difference, but the shopboy still refuses to sell it. Then I take out a little thing from my sleeve, which is worth about the same thing as the difference and throw it at the boy. The boy suddenly smiles and bows courteously saying, "Oh, you are too generous! " Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I have nothing to do after a meal and try to go through the things in some old trunks. I see there are dozens or hundreds of I.O.U.'s from people who owe my family money. Some of them are dead and some still living, but in any case there is no hope of their returning the money. Behind people' s backs I put them together in a pile and make a bonfire of them, and I look up to the sky and see the last trace of smoke disappear. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: It is a summer day. I go bareheaded and barefooted, holding a parasol to watch young people singing Soochow folk songs while treading the water wheel. The water comes up over the wheel in a gushing torrent like molten silver or melting snow. Ah, is this not happiness?

i: I wake up in the morning and seem to hear some one in the house sighing and saying that last night some one died. I immediately ask to find out who it is, and learn that it is the sharpest, most calculating fellow in town. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I get up early on a summer morning and see people sawing a large bamboo pole under a mat-shed, to be used as a water pipe. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: It has been raining for a whole month and I lie in bed in the morning like one drunk or ill, refusing to get up. Suddenly I hear a chorus of birds announcing a clear day. Quickly I pull aside the curtain, push open the window and see the beautiful sun shining and glistening and the forest looks like having a bath. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: At night I seem to hear some one thinking of me in the distance. The next day I go to call on him. I enter his door and look about his room and see that this person is sitting at his desk, facing south, reading a document. He sees me, nods quietly and pulls me by the sleeve to make me sit down, saying "Since you are here, come and look at this." And we laugh and enjoy ourselves until the shadows on the walls have disappeared. He is feeling hungry himself and slowly asks me "Are you hungry, too?" Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: Without any serious intention to build a house of my own, I happened, nevertheless, to start building one because a little sum had unexpectedly come my way. From that day on, every morning and every night I was told that I needed to buy timber and stone and tiles and bricks and mortar and nails. And I explored and exhausted every avenue of getting some money, all on account of this house, without, however, being able to live in it all this time, until I got sort of resigned to this state of things. One day, finally, the house is completed, the walls have been whitewashed and the floors swept clean; the paper windows have been pasted and scrolls of paintings are hung up on the walls. All the workmen have left, and my friends have arrived, sitting on different couches in order. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I am drinking on a winter's night, and suddenly note that the night has turned extremely cold. I push open the window and see that snowflakes come down the size of a palm and there are already three or four inches of snow on the ground. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To cut with a sharp knife a bright green watermelon on a big scarlet plate of a summer afternoon. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I have long wanted to become a monk, but was worried because I would not be permitted to eat meat. If then I could be permitted to become a monk and yet eat meat publicly, why then I would heat a basin of hot water, and with the help of a sharp razor shave my head clean in a summer month! Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To keep three or four spots of eczema in a private part of my body and now and then to scald or bathe it with hot water behind closed doors. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To find accidently a handwritten letter of some old friend in a trunk. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: A poor scholar comes to borrow money from me, but is shy about mentioning the topic, and so he allows the conversation to drift along on other topics. I see his uncomfortable situa- tion, pull him aside to a place where we are alone and ask him how much he needs. Then I go inside and give him the sum and after having done this, I ask him: "Must you go immediately to settle this matter or can you stay a while and have a drink with me?" Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I am sitting in a small boat. There is a beautiful wind in our favor, but our boat has no sails. Suddenly there appears a big lorcha, coming along as fast as the wind. I try to hook on to the lorcha in the hope of catching on to it, and unexpectedly the hook does catch. Then I throw over a rope and we are towed along and I begin to sing the lines of Tu Fu: "The green makes me feel tender toward the peaks, and the red tells me there are oranges." And we break out in joyous laughter. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I have been long looking for a house to share with a friend bul have not been able to find a suitable one. Suddenly some one brings the news that there is a house somewhere, not loo big, but with only about a dozen rooms, and that it faces a big river with beautiful green trees around. I ask this man lo Slav for supper, and after the supper we go over together to have ;i look, having no idea what the house is like. Entering tlie gate, I see that there is a large vacant lot about six or seven mow, and I say to myself, "I shall not have to worry about the supply of vegetables and melons henceforth. " Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: A traveller returns home after a long journey, and he sees the old city gate and hears the women and children on both banks of the river talking his own dialect. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: When a good piece of old porcelain is broken, you know there is no hope of repairing it. The more you turn it about and look at it, the more you are exasperated. I then hand it to the cook, asking him to use it as any old vessel, and give orders that he shall never let that broken porcelain bowl come within my sight again. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: I am not a saint, and am therefore not without sin. In the night I did something wrong and I get up in the morning and feel extremely ill at ease about it. Suddenly I remember what is taught by Buddhism, that not to cover one's sins is the same as repentance. So then I begin to tell my sin to the entire company around, whether they are strangers or my old friends. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To watch some one writing big characters a fool high. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To open the window and let a wasp out of the room. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: A magistrate orders the beating of the drum and calls it a day. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To see some one's kite line broken. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To see a wild prairie fire. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To have just finished repaying all one's debts. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
i: To read the Story of Curly-Beard. Ah, is this not happiness?
　　
Poor Byron, who had only three happy hours in his life! He was either of a morbid and enormously unbalanced spirit, or else he was affecting merely the fashionable Weltschmerz of his decade. Were the feeling of Weltschmerz not so fashionable, I feel bound to suspect that he must have confessed to at least thirty happy hours instead of three. Is it not plain from the above that the world is truly a feast of life spread out for us to enjoy merely through the senses, and a type of culture which recognizes these sensual pleasures therefore makes it possible for us frankly to admit them? My suspicion is, the reason why we shut our eyes willfully to this gorgeous world, vibrating with its own sensuality, is that the spiritualists have made us plain scared of them. A nobler type of philosophy should re-establish our confidence in this fine receptive organ of ours, which we call the body, and drive away first the contempt and then the fear of our senses. Unless these philosophers can actually sublimate matter and ethereal-ize our body into a soul without nerves, without taste, without smell, and without sense of color and motion and touch, and unless we are ready to go the whole way with the Hindu mortifiers of the flesh, let us face ourselves bravely as we are. For only a philosophy that recognizes reality can lead us into true happiness, and only that kind of philosophy is sound and healthy.

中文

金圣叹之不亦快哉三十三则

现在让我们来观察欣赏一位中国学者自述的快乐时刻，十七世纪印象派大批评家金圣叹在《西厢记》的批语中，曾写下他觉得最快乐的时刻，这是他和他的朋友在十日的阴雨连绵中，住在一所庙宇里计算出来的。下面便是他自己认为是人生真快乐的时刻，在这种时刻中，精神是和感官错综地联系着的：
　　
其一：夏七月，赤日停天，亦无风，亦无云；前后庭赫然如洪炉，无一鸟敢来飞。汗出遍身，纵横成渠。置饭于前，不可得吃。呼簟欲卧地上，则地湿如膏，苍蝇又来缘颈附鼻，驱之不去。正莫可如何，忽然大黑车轴，疾澍澎湃之声，如数百万金鼓。檐溜浩于瀑布。身汗顿收，地燥如扫，苍蝇尽去，饭便得吃。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：十年别友，抵暮忽至。开门一揖毕，不及问其船来陆来，并不及命其坐床坐榻，便自疾趋入内，卑辞叩内子；“君岂有斗酒如东坡妇乎？”内子欣然拔金簪相付。计之可作三日供也。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：空斋独坐，正思夜来床头鼠耗可恼，不知其戛戛者是损我何器，嗤嗤者是裂我何书。中心回惑，其理莫措，忽见一狻猫，注目摇尾，似有所睹。敛声屏息，少复待之，则疾趋如见，橄然一声。而此物竟去矣。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：于书斋前，拔去垂丝海棠紫荆等树，多种芭蕉一二十本。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：春夜与诸豪士快饮，至半醉，住本难住，进则难进。旁一解意童子，忽送大纸炮可十余枚，便自起身出席，取火放之。硫磺之香，自鼻入脑，通身怡然。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：街行见两措大执争一理，既皆目裂颈赤，如不戴天，而又高拱手，低曲腰，满口仍用者也之乎等字。其语刺刺，势将连年不休。忽有壮夫掉臂行来，振威从中一喝而解。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：子弟背诵书烂熟，如瓶中泻水。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：饭后无事，入市闲行，见有小物，戏复买之，买亦已成矣，所差者甚少，而市儿苦争，必不相饶，便掏袖下一件，其轻重与前直相上下者，掷而与之。市儿改笑容，拱手连称不敢。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：饭后无事，翻倒敞箧。则见新旧逋欠文契不下数十百通，其人或存或亡，总之无有还理。背人取火拉杂烧净，仰看高天，萧然无云。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：夏月科头赤足，自持凉伞遮日，看壮夫唱吴歌，踏桔槔。水一时奔涌而上，譬如翻银滚雪。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：春眠初觉，似闻家人叹息之声，言某人夜来已死。急呼而讯之，正是―城中第一绝有心计人。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：夏月早起，看人于松棚下，锯大竹作筒用。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：重阴匝月，如醉如病，朝眠不起，忽闻众鸟毕作弄晴之声，急引手搴帷，推窗视之，日光晶荧，林木如洗。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：夜来似闻某人素心，明日试往看之。入其门，窥其闺，见所谓某人，方据案面南看一文书。顾客入来，默然一揖。便拉袖命坐，曰：“君既来，可亦试看此书。”相与欢笑，日影尽去。既已自饥，徐问客曰：“君亦饥耶？”不亦快哉！
　　
其一：本不欲造屋，偶得闲钱，试造一屋。自此日为始，需木，需石，需瓦，需砖，需灰，需钉，无晨无夕，不来聒于两耳。乃至罗雀掘鼠，无非为屋校计，而又都不得屋住，既已安之如命矣。忽然一日屋竟落成。刷墙扫地，糊窗挂画。一切匠作出门毕去，同人乃来分榻列坐。不亦

快哉！
　　
其一：冬夜饮酒，转复寒甚，推窗试看，雪大如手，已积三四寸矣。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：夏日于朱红盘中，自拔快刀，切绿沉西瓜。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：久欲为比丘，苦不得公然吃肉。若许为比丘，又得公然吃肉，则夏月以热汤快刀，净割头发。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：存得三四癞疮于私处，时呼热汤关门澡之。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：箧中无意忽检得故人手迹。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：寒士来借银，谓不可启齿，于是唯唯亦说他事。我窥见其苦意，拉向无人处，问所需多少。急趋入内，如数给与，然后问其必当速归料理是事耶？为尚得少留共饮酒耶？不亦快哉！
　　
其一：坐小船，遇利风，苦不得张帆，一快其心。忽逢舟?舸，疾行如风。试伸挽钩，聊复挽之。不意挽之便着，因取缆，缆向其尾，口中高吟老杜“青惜峰峦过，黄知橘柚来”之句，极大笑乐。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：久欲觅别居与友人共住，而苦无善地。忽一人传来云有屋不多，可十余间，而门临大河，嘉树葱然。便与此人共吃饭毕，试走看之，都未知屋如何。入门先见空地一片，大可六七亩许，异日瓜菜不足复虑。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：久客得归，望见郭门，两岸童妇，皆作故乡之声。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：佳磁既损，必无完理。反覆多看，徒乱人意。因宣付厨人作杂器充用，永不更令到眼。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：身非圣人，安能无过。夜来不觉私作一事，早起怦怦，实不自安。忽然想到佛家有布萨之法，不自覆藏，便成忏悔，因明对生熟众客，快然自陈其失。不亦快哉！
　　
其一：看人作擘窠大书，不亦快哉！
　　
其一：推纸窗放蜂出去，不亦快哉！
　　
其一：做县官，每日打鼓退堂时，不亦快哉！
　　
其一：看人风筝断，不亦快哉！
　　
其一：看野烧，不亦快哉！
　　
其一：还债毕，不亦快哉！
　　
其一：读《虬髯客传》，不亦快哉！
　　
可怜的拜伦，他一生中只有三个快乐的时候！如果他不是一个病态而又心地不平衡的人，他一定是被那个时代的流行忧郁症所影响了。如果忧郁的感觉不那么时髦的话，我相信他至少有三十个快乐时刻。这样说来，世界岂不是一席人生的宴会，摆起来让我们去享受――只是由感官去享受；同时由那种文化承认这些感官的欢乐的存在，而使我们也可坦白地承认这些感官的欢乐的存在；这岂不显而易见吗？我疑心我们所以装做看不见这个充满着感觉的美妙世界，乃是由于那些精神主义者弄得我们畏惧这些东西的缘故，如果我们现在有一个较高尚的哲学，我们必须重新信任这个“身体”的优美收受器官，我们把轻视感觉和畏惧情感的心理一律摒除。如果那些哲学家不能使物质升华，不能把我们的身体变成一个没有神经，没有味觉，没有嗅觉，没有色觉，没有动觉，没有处触的灵魂，而我们也不能彻底模仿印度禁欲主义者的行为，那么我们必须勇敢地面对着这个现实的人生！惟有承认现实人生的那种哲学才能够使我们获得真正快乐，也惟有这种哲学才是合理的、健全的。