翻译真题

The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.

If the study of law is beginning to establish as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflection on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.

(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.

真题解析
解析：
(46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
结构分析：
Traditionally 主语//legal learning被动结构（固定结构）// has been viewed in such institutions //as the special preserve of lawyers, 比较结构//rather than 多重后置定语//a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
词义推敲：
traditionally 传统上来说
legal learning 法律的学习
view …as… 把…看作…
institutions 公共机构
the special preserve of lawyers 律师专有的特权/权利
preserve 禁区，防护物，引申为律师专有的权利
rather than 而不是
necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person 多重后置定语结构——后浪推前浪，我们可以翻译为：受过教育的人的知识储备所必需的一部分
intellectual equipment 知识装备/储备/才能
an educated person 受过教育的人
参考译文：
传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看成是律师专有的特权，而不是一个受过教育的人的知识才能必须的部分。
得分重点：
被动结构，view as ，rather than ，多重后置定语

(47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
结构分析：
状语结构 //On the other,主句 //it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner 定语从句//which is parallel to the links 定语从句（省略that）//journalists forge方式状语 //on a daily basis 时间状语从句//as they cover and comment on the news.
词义推敲：
On the other, 另一方面
Link 连接，联合（常和to搭配）
everyday realities 日常实际
be parallel to 类似的
forge 铸造，形成，塑造
on a daily basis 在日常基础之上
cover the news 报道新闻
参考译文：
另一方面，法律以一种方式把这些观念同日常实际联系起来，这种联系得方式类似于新闻记者在报道和评论新闻时基于日常规则所形成的方式。
得分重点：
固定短语， 定语从句，方式状语，时间状语从句

(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
结构分析：
主句的主语//But the idea同位语从句// that the journalist must understand the law 比较结构//more profoundly //than an ordinary citizen 主句的谓语//rests on 主句宾语（多重后置定语结构）//an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
词义推敲：
profoundly 深深地，深刻地
ordinary citizen 普通公民/市民
rests on 依靠于，依赖于
established conventions 既定风俗
an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media 多重后置定语结构——后浪推前浪，我们可以翻译为：对于新闻媒体的特殊责任和既定风俗的理解。
参考译文：
但是新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻的理解法律的观念依赖于对于新闻媒体的特殊责任和既定传统的理解。
得分重点：
同位语从句，比较结构，多重后置定语

(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
结构分析：
In fact, 形式主语//it is difficult 真正主语//to see 宾语从句//how 宾语从句主语/journalists定语从句// who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution 宾语从句谓语/can do 宾语从句宾语/a competent job on political stories.?
词义推敲：
In fact,事实上，实际上
have a clear grasp of 对…有清晰的认识
basic features 基本特征
Canadian Constitution 加拿大宪法
Competent 有能力的，胜任的
political stories 政治报道/新闻
参考译文：
实际上，要想明白（懂得）那些不能清晰了解加拿大宪法基本特征的新闻记者如何能够胜任政治新闻的报道工作是困难的。
得分重点：
形式主语，宾语从句，定语从句，固定结构

(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
结构分析：
让步状语从句//While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, 形式主语//it is preferable //for journalists 真正主语//to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
词义推敲：
comment and reaction 评论和反馈
enhance 提高，增强，丰富
preferable 更可取的，更好的，更优越的
rely on 依赖于
notions 概念，观念，想法，主张
their own notions of significance 他们对于重要性的理解/看法，他们自己的价值观
make their own judgments 做出他们自己的判断
参考译文：
尽管律师的评论和反馈可能会增加故事内容，但是对于新闻记者来说，他们依赖他们的价值观并作出自己的判断是更加难能可贵的。
得分重点：
让步状语从句，形式主语.

全文译文

几个世纪以来，有关法律的研究一直被看成是欧洲各国大学的一门基本的知识学科。不过，只是在最近几年有关法律的研究才成为加拿大大学教育的一门学科。(46)传统上，在加拿大的高等学府里，学习法律一直被看作是律师的专门工作，而不是一个受过良好教育的人所必须具备的知识素养。幸运的是，加拿大的许多大学正在树立法律教育更传统、更具有大陆特性的观念，有些甚至已经开始授予法律学士学位。

如果有关法律的研究正在开始成为普通教育一个不可缺少的学科的话，那么它的目的和方法应该会即刻吸引新闻学教育家。法律是一门学科，这门学科鼓励进行有责任的判断。一方面，它为分析像公正、民主以及自由这样的概念提供机会。(47)另一方面，法律又将正义、民主和自由这些观念与日常生活中的实际联系在一起，其方式就如同新闻工作者在报道和评论新闻事件时，以日常生活为基础，使这些观念与实际情况相结合一样。比如，有关证据和事实、基本权利和公众利益这样的概念在新闻判断和新闻制作过程中起作用，就像在法庭上一样。通过学习并且反省法律来强化判断是一名新闻记者为其事业进行知识准备时渴望实现的。

(48)但是，新闻工作者对于法律的理解应该比普通公民更加深刻，这个观点是在对于新闻媒体的既定规范和特殊的社会责任有深刻认识的基础之上建立的。政治，或者更广泛一点，国家的职能，是新闻记者报道的一个主要方面。他们对国家运作的方式了解越多，他们的报道就越优秀。(49)实际上，很难想象那些对于加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏清晰了解的新闻工作者能够胜任政治新闻报道的工作。

此外，法律体系以及其中发生的事件是新闻记者报道的主题。虽然与法律有关的新闻报道的性质差别很大，但是，许多新闻记者过分依赖律师提供给他们的诠释。(50)律师的评论和反应当然能够提升新闻报道的价值，但是，记者们最好还是依靠自己对于事件重要性的认识来做出判断。