geography
n.地理学，地理
ethnography
n.人种学
cosmography
n.宇宙志
geology
n.地质学，地质概况
toponymy
n.地形学
oceanography
n.海洋学
vegetation
n.植被
relief
n.起伏
continent
n.大陆，陆地
Africa is a continent.
非洲是一个大洲。
archipelago
n.群岛
peninsula
n.半岛
Italy is a peninsula.
意大利是一个半岛。
island
n.岛，岛屿；岛状物(孤立状态的物)
meadow
n.草地，牧场
valley
n.(山)谷，流域
swamp
n.沼泽，湿地
lagoon
n.泻湖，礁湖
moorland
n.沼泽地
desert
n.沙漠
The Sahara desert is one of the largest deserts in the world.
撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠之一。
dune
n.沙丘
oasis
n.(沙漠中的)绿洲
The location of oasis has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes in desert areas.
绿洲的位置对沙漠地区的贸易和运输路线至关重要。
savanna
n.热带大草原
tundra
n.苔原，冻土地带
topography
n.地形学
In the topography of the economy, several depressed areas are revealed.
在经济区域，一些萧条的地区暴露了出来。
compass
n.罗盘，指南针
meridian
n.子午线；正午
By international convention, the meridian passes through the original site of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England; for this reason, it is sometimes called the Greenwich meridian.
根据国际惯例，子午线经过英国格林威治皇家天文台原址，因此，它有时被称为格林威治子午线。