1) Sth. is like/as...as/similar to/the same as/compared to/as if (though) ...(明喻)
　　(e.g. In the eyes of book worms, books are compared to/like a magic blanket that carries them anywhere as they like.)
　　2) Sth. is/refers to/is nothing but...(暗喻)
　　(e.g. For/To a seeker after the treasure of knowledge, learning is rowing across an unbounded ocean, in which hardship is seen as his boat.)
　　3) Sth. is thought of/defined/valued/cherished/seen/esteemed as...
　　(e.g. A true friend is valued not only as your shadow that comforts your body but also as your mirror that helps you find any dirt on your face.)
　　4) A does sth. just as B does sth. else.
　　(e.g. Educative experiences of life can tell us how to get rid of failure, just as weather beaten sailors know how to steer clear of rocks.)
　　5) Sth. means/signifies/stands for/is a symbol(matter/sign/token)of...
　　(e.g. Love is not a matter of seeking self-satisfaction; it is first a matter of giving and then discovering, as an unexpected gift, the deepest satisfaction one can know.)
　　1某事物象/与…一样/与…相似/与…一样/被比作…/似乎…
　　例：在书呆子的眼里，书本如同有魔力的飞毯，想去哪儿就能够去哪儿。
　　2 例：对于寻求知识的宝藏的人来说，学习就象在无边的海洋上划船，困难被视为他自己的船。
　　3 某事物被认为/被珍视为…
　　例：一个真正的朋友不仅是证实你身体的影子，而且是帮你发现脸上脏物的镜子。
　　4 A做…正如B做…一样。
　　例：人生具有教育性的经历能告诉我们怎样摆脱失败，正如受天气影响的水手知道怎样绕过礁石航行。
　　5 某事物意味着…的象征。
　　例：爱情不是寻求自我满足，它首先是给予，然后是发现一件意外的礼物——一个人所能体会到的最大的满足。