【常见列举用转折词语】

　　1) for one thing, for another, above all things;

　　2) to begin/start with, next/besides/moreover, last/finally;

　　3) in the first place, in the second, in the third, (and) best of/worst of all;

　　4) one of these, another,(there is) still another(reason/factor);

　　5) first of all, second, third, in short/in sum.

　　1. 首先，其次，最重要的是；

　　2. 首先，然后/此外/而且，最后；

　　3. 第一，首先，第二，第三，最好的是/最糟糕的是；

　　4. 其中一个，另一个，还有一个（原因/因素）；?

　　【常见对比转折词语】

　　1) but, but on the contrary, but on the other hand, but then

　　2) by contrast, in contrast, in contrast with/to, as a contrast to, as opposed to

　　3) by contraries, on the contrary, to the contrary, contrary to (A), opposite to, in opposition to

　　4) whereas, while, while on the other hand, while on the whole, yet, however

　　5) (as) compared with/to, by comparison, in comparison with, by comparison to.

　　6) First..., Next..., Last...

　　7) In the first/early/initial/infant period/stage/phase(或In its infancy) ..., In the second/middle/adult/ripe period/stage/phase..., In the third/last/closing/later/concluding period...

　　8) One step (way/course/approach/secret/trick)..., Another step..., Still another step...

　　9) The first measure/step/move..., Next to it comes..., And the last/final/the most important measure...

　　10) The direct experience/lesson/factor/way(或One lesson)...The indirect experience/lesson/factor/way(或The other lesson)...

　　1. 但是，但相反地，但另一方面，但是接下去；?

　　2. 通过对比，经过对比，经与……过对比，作为与……的对比，作为……的对照；

　　3. 相反，相反，相反，与A相反，与……相反；与……相反；?

　　4. 然而，然而，然而另一方面，然而整体而言，然而，然而；?

　　5. 跟……相比?

　　6. 首先……，其次……，最后……。

　　7. 在第一个/早期/开始/婴儿时期/阶段;在第二个/中间/成人/成熟时期/阶段;在第三个/最后/结束/后面的阶段

　　8. 一个措施/方法/做法/秘密/计策是……，另一个措施是……，还有一个措施是……?

　　9. 第一个措施是……，接着是……，最后一个/最重要的措施是……

　　10. 直接经验/教训/因素/途径是（一个教训是）……，间接经验/教训/因素/途径是（另一个教训是）……

　　【常见对比转折词语】

　　1) But the obvious(fatal/serious) flaw (defect/drawback) in their argument (attitude/idea/view/action/behavior) is that.../But the basic (main/great/key/ big) problem with their argument (...) is that...

　　e.g. ...that they are ignorant of (blind to) a bare fact: Social changes have attached new meanings and values to the division between good and bad.

　　2) But if...it is (not) easy (difficult/hard) to see (find/discover) that ...

　　e.g. But if they adjust their frame of mind a little in the other direction , it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.

　　3) Too much emphasis (attention/stress/concern/significance) placed on (given to/focused on/attached to/paid to) the negative (sunny/gloomy/bright) side of the issue, however, may...(如mislead/confuse/cloud/bias/disturb our judgment of it.)A

　　e.g. ..., however, may mislead us to form a pessimistic estimate of current situations.或..., however, may stop us from rendering (passing/forming/having) a fair(correct/clear/infallible/wise)judgment on it.

　　4) But in most cases/from the point of view of justice (objectivity)/as a matter of fact/in a very true sense, their (public/general) satisfaction (dissatisfaction/disillusionment/concern) with...(或their criticism of.../their argument for/against.../their objection to.../their approval for...) can not.../is..., for...

　　e.g. But in an impartial sense, the public dissatisfaction can not hold every water, for our society is still abundant in goodness and beauty.

　　5) As a result of..., however, things would/are bound to...

　　e.g. As a result of such an utter indifference to vicious behavior, however , things would be past saving/mending/all the hope.

　　1. 但他们辩论/态度/观点/看法/行为中的明显/致命的/严重的缺点/缺陷是…;他们辩论的基本/最大/主要问题在于……

　　例：……他们忽视了一个赤裸裸的事实：社会变革给善恶的区分赋予了新的意义和价值。?

　　2. 但如果……很（不）容易/难发现……

　　例：但如果他们稍微调整一下思路，就会不难发现生活还是跟以前一样前途光明。?

　　3. 然而，对问题负面/正面/阴暗面给予/集中/附加了太多的强调/注意/关注会……（如误导/混淆/掩盖/歪曲/干扰我们对它的判断）

　　例：然而，……会误导我们对目前的形势形成悲观的估计。或：然而，……会阻碍我们对其形成/有一个正确的/清楚的/无误的/明智的判断。?

　　4. 但大多数情况下/从公正（客观）的角度来看/实际上/真正意义上，他们/公众/对……的满意/不满/幻灭/关注(或：他们对……的批评/他们对……辩解（辩驳）/他们对……的反对/他们对……的支持，不能……/是……，因为……?

　　例：但从公正的角度来看，公众的不满并不都有道理，因为我们的社会仍然充满着善与美。

　　5. 然而，作为……的结果，事情会注定……?

　　例：然而，作为对不良行为全然漠视的结果，事情将成为过去，希望还在。

　　【常见情景/参照物设定的词语或结构】

　　1) when, if, the other day in a certain place, suppose/imagine/assume (that...), in (the) course/time of...for instance, in the event of 等

　　2) in the case of, as for/to, as far as...is/are concerned, The same is t rue of..., when compared with, in comparison with, by comparison 等

　　3) If there is anything that comes close to/is comparable to/with...,...t here is hardly, a thing that compares favorable with/can rival...

　　1. 当……的时候;如果;几天前在某地;假设/想象/倘使……；在……期间；例如；万一……；?

　　2. 关于，关于……也是一样；当与……相比；当与……相比；通过比较；

　　3. 如果说有什么能与……相比，那么几乎没有什么能与……（另一事物）相比/匹敌。

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