Want to communicate with a friend across town, in another province, or even in another country? The Internet and the WEB are the 21st-Century information resources designed for all of us to use.
想要跨城市、省甚至国家与一位朋友进行信息交流么？ Internet和Web是为此设计的21世纪信息资源。
Browsers are programs that provide access to Web resources. This software connects you to remote computers, opens and transfers files, displays text and images, and provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and Web documents. Two well-known browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. For browsers to connect to other resources, the location or address of the resources must be specified. These addresses are called Uniform Resources Locators (URLs). Following the Domain Name System (DNS), all URLs have at least three basic parts. The first part presents the protocol used to connect to the resource. The protocol http:// is by far the most common. The second part presents the domain name or the name of the server where the resource is located. The server is identified as www.aol.com. (Many URLs have additional parts specifying directory paths, file names, and pointers.) The last part of the domain name following the dot (.) is the domain code. It identifies the type of organization. For example, com indicated a commercial site.
浏览器是提供访问Web资源的程序。它把你和远程计算机连接起来，打开并且传送文件，显示正文和图像，并且给Internet和Web资源提供个并不复杂的接口。Netscape 公司Navigator和微软公司的正是两个著名的浏览器。对链接其他资源的浏览器来说，资源的位置或地址必须被指定。这些地址称为统一资源定位符（URL)。继域名系统（DNS) 之后，所有的URL至少有三个基本部分。第一个部分表示链接资源的协议。协议http://是当今最普遍的。第二部分表示资源所在的域名或服务器名。一个服务器可能被标识为 www.aol.com的形式。（很多URL有附加部分，用于指定目录路径、文件名和指针。）在圆点之后的最后一个部分是域名。它标明公司类型。例如，com是商业网站。
The URL http://www.aol.com connects your computer to a computer that provides information about America Online (AOL). These informational locations on the Web are called Web sites. Moving from one Web site to another is called surfing.
URL “http://www.aol.com”把用户计算机和提供关于“美国在线” Anny信息的计算机连接起来。在Web上的这些信息的位置被叫做网站。从一个网站移到另一个称为“冲浪”。
Once the browser has connected to a Web site, a document file is sent to your computer. This document contains Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) commands. The browser interprets the HTML commands and displays the document as a Web page. Typically, the first page of a Web site is referred to as its home page. [1]The home page presents information about the site along with references and hyperlinks, or connections to other documents that contain related information such as text files, graphic images, audio, and video clips.
一旦浏览器连接上一个网站，就会有文档发送到你的计算机。这个文档包含HTML命令。浏览器解释HTML命令并以网页的形式显示。通常，一个网站的第一页被称为主页。主页显示本网站的信息，另外还包含超链接的信息，或者有关的信息如正文文件、图表图像、音频和录像剪辑等资料的链接。
These documents may be located on a nearby computer system or on one halfway around the world. The references appear as underlined and colored text and /or images on the Web page. To access the referenced material, all you do is click on the highlighted text or image. A link is automatically made to the computer containing the material, and the referenced material appears.
这些文档可能位于你附近的计算机系统，也可能在世界各地的任何一个角落。链接在 Web页中是以加下划线的指定颜色的文木或图片来标识的，单击文本和图片的热点即可访问链接的页面，链接可以自动地定位计算机所含包含的信息并且显示。
Communication is the most popular Internet activity. The impact of electronic communication cannot be overestimated. At a personal level, friends and family can stay in contact with one another even when separated by thousands of miles. At a business level, electronic communication has become standard and many times preferred way to stay in touch with suppliers, employees, and customers.
通信是Internet最流行的活动之一。电子通信的影响不可低估。在普通用户级别，朋友和家人能够远隔千里而联络。在企业用户级别中电子通信已经成为供应商、员工和客户保持联系的标准手段或首选手段。
You can communicate with anyone in the world who has an Internet address or e-mail account with a system connected to the Internet. All you need is access to the Internet and an e-mail program. Two of the most widely used e-mail programs are Microsoft's Outlook Express and Netscape's Navigator.
你只需访问Internet和邮件程序,就能够和世界上任何一个拥有Internet地址或者E-mail 账户的联网的人交流。两个最常用的邮件程序是微软的Outlook Express和Netscape的Navigator。
Suppose that you have a friend, Anny, who is going to the University of Southern California. You and Anny have been planning a trip for the upcoming break. You have heard there are some inexpensive airfare deals online. To save money, you and Anny agree to research these offers and e-mail each other your findings.
设想你有个朋友Anny，她即将去南加州大学。你和Anny为即将的分别计划一次旅行。你听说有一些廉价的机票在线销售，为了省钱，你和Anny决定查询这些消息并且用邮件互相交流彼此的发现。
A typical e-mail message has three basic elements: header, message and signature. The header appears first and typically includes the following information:
E-mail信息有三个主要构成部分：抬头、信息和签名。抬头出现在E-mail最前面，主要包含以下的信息：
Addresses: Addresses of the persons sending, receiving,and,optionally,anyone else who is to receive copies.
地址：收信和发信人的地址，也可以加上抄送人的地址。
Subject: A one-line description, used to present the topic of the message. Subject lines typically are displayed when a person checks his or her mail-box.
主题：一行信息用于描述主题，主要用于查看邮箱内容。
Attachments: Many e-mail programs allow you to attach files such as documents and worksheets. If a message has an attachment, the file name appears on the attachment line.
附件：许多邮件程序允许携带文木和工作表附件，如果有附件，其文件名会在附件行中显示。
The letter or message comes next. It is typically short and to the point. Finally, the signature line provides additional information about the sender. Typically, this information includes the sender's name, address, and telephone number.
下面就是信件或信息，一般比较简短并且切入主题，最后签名部分提供一些发送者的附加信息，主要包含发送者的姓名、地址和电话号码。
Following the domain name system discussed earlier, e-mail addresses have two basic parts. The first part is the user's name and the second part is the domain name, which includes the domain code.
我们前面介绍过域名地址，E-mail地址由两个基本部分组成。第一部分是用户名，第二部分是域名，包括域代码。
You can also use e-mail to communicate with people you do not know but with whom you wish to share ideas and interests. You can participate in discussions and debates that range from general topics like current events and movies to specialized forums like computer troubleshooting and Star Trek.
你也可以使用E-mail和一个虽然不认识但愿意与之交流思想和兴趣爱好的人通信，可加入讨论组就当前时事或电影的普通话题到诸如计算机检修和Star Trek网络游戏的专门论坛开展辩论。
Mailing lists allow members of a mailing list to communicate by sending messages to a list address. Each message is then copied and sent via e-mail to every member of the mailing list. To participate in a mailing list, you must first subscribe by sending an e-mail request to the mailing list subscription address. Once you are a member of a list, you can expect to receive e-mail from other on the list. You may find the number of messages to be overwhelming. If you want to cancel a mailing list, send an e-mail request to "unsubscribe" to the subscription address.
邮件列表允许列表用户通过向一组列表地址发送信息来交流。每条信息可以复制并通过E-mail发往列表中的每个成员。想加入邮件列表，必须先向预定地址通过E-mail提交申请预定。一旦成为列表成员，你就会收到从其他列表发送的E-mail你也可能发现许多信息令人不知所措。如果想取消邮件列表，则必须向预定地址发送E-mail取消预定。
Newsgroups, unlike mailing lists, use a special network of computers called the Usenet. Each of these computers maintains the newsgroups listing. There are over 10,000 different newsgroups organized into major topic areas that are further subdivided into subtopics. Contributions to a particular newsgroup are sent to one of the computers on the Usenet. This computer saves the messages on its system and periodically shares all its recent messages with the other computers on the Usenet. Unlike mailing lists, a copy of each message is not sent to each member of a list. Rather, interested individuals check contributions to a particular newsgroup, reading only those of interest. There are thousands of newsgroups covering a wide variety of topic areas.
新闻组和邮件列表不同，它使用一种叫做世界性的新闻组网络(Usenet)的特殊计算机系统。每个计算机中都包含新闻组列表，有超过一万个不同的新闻组按照主题进而按照下一级主题分组。特定新闻组中的内容被发送到Usenet中的一台计算机中，这台计算机中保存着这些信息并定期和Usenet中的其他计算机分享最新的信息。与邮件列表不同，不是将每条信息的副本发送到列表成员，而是感兴趣的用户访问特定的新闻组，查看他们感兴趣的内容，有上千个新闻组覆盖着许多不同的领域。
Chat groups allow direct "live" communication. To participate, you join a chat group, select a channel or topic, and communicate live with others by typing words on your computer. Other members of your channel immediately see those words on their computers and can respond in the same manner. One popular chat service is called Internet Relay Chat (IRC). This software is available free from several locations on the Internet. Using the chat-client software, you log on to the server, select a channel or topic in which you are interested, and begin chatting. To participate, you need access to a server or computer that supports IRC. This is done using special chat-client software.
聊天组允许在线交流。可以选择一个主题通过打字和其他用户在线交流，其他相同主题下的用户可以即时地看到你的文字并以同种方法做出回应。一个很受欢迎的聊天服务是 Internet中继聊天(IRC),是Internet上一个世界范围内的免费实时交谈工具。使用聊天程序客户端软件可以登陆到服务器，选择不同的主题开始聊天，前提是用户要访问支持ERC的服务器，这耑要一个专用的客户端软件。
Instant messaging, like chat groups, allows one or more people to communicate via direct, "live" communication. Instant messaging, however, provides greater control and flexibility than chat groups. To use instant messaging, you specify a list of friends, or "buddies", and register with an instant messaging server. Whenever you connect to the Internet, you use special software to tell your messaging server that you are online too. It notifies you if any of your buddies are online. At the same time, it notifies your buddies that you are online. You can then send messages back and forth to one another instantly.
即时消息和聊天组一样允许多用户在线交流，但是它提供了更多的控制手段和灵活性。使用即时消息可以指定朋友或同伴列表，在服务器上注册。无论何时你连接到Internet都可以通过即时消息软件告诉服务器你在线，这样如果你的朋友在线会即时通知你，反之亦然，然后就可以来回地发送消息了。
Before you submit a contribution to a discussion group, it is recommended that you observe or read the communications from others. This is called lurking. By lurking, you can learn about the culture of a discussion group. For example, you can observe the level and style of the discussions. You may decide that a particular discussion group is not what you were looking for-in which case, unsubscribe. If the discussions are appropriate and you wish to participate, try to fit into the prevailing culture. Remember that your contributions will likely be read by hundreds of people.
在向讨论组提交信息之前，建议你先观察和阅读其他用户的信息，这叫“潜伏”（指在 Usenet上作为旁观者，不参加讨论)，通过潜伏，你可以获得关于讨论组的文化素养信息。例如，你能观察到其讨论的水平和风格，会发现一些讨论组并不是你所期待寻找的因此不去预定，如果有适合的讨论组你希望加入，那应当尝试去适应它。记住，你的言论可能被上百个人阅读到。