11. Adaptness

　　V1:

　　内容不太记得了，印相比较深的有两道题，一道题问adaptness与adaptability的区别(最后一段具体介绍了adaptability)还有一道题考到了作者为什么说metaphorically speaking

　　12.法国裁缝的立法

　　V1

　　不许女裁缝为男人和宫廷量体裁衣，但是有些女裁缝是男裁缝的家庭成员，所以不受该项法律限制，因此就和正儿八经的男裁缝(不受法律限制那种)发生冲突

　　【考古，未确认】

　　GWD-13-16~19

　　In 1675, Louis XIV established the Parisian seamstresses’ guild, the first independent all-female guild created in over 200 years. Guild members could make and sell women’s and children’s clothing, but were prohibited from producing men’s clothing or dresses for court women. Tailors resented the ascension of seamstresses to guild status; seamstresses, meanwhile, were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.

　　The conflict between the guilds was not purely economic, however. A 1675 police report indicated that since so many seamstresses were already working illegally, the tailors were unlikely to suffer additional economic damage because of the seamstresses’ incorporation. Moreover, guild membership held very different meanings for tailors and seamstresses. To the tailors, their status as guild members overlapped with their role as heads of household, and entitled them to employ as seamstresses female family members who did not marry outside the trade. The seamstresses, however, viewed guild membership as a mark of independenc the patriarchal family. Their guild was composed not of family units but of individual women who enjoyed unusual legal and economic privileges. At the conflict’s center was the issue of whether tailors’ female relatives should be identified as family members protected by the tailors’ guild or as individuals under the jurisdiction of the seamstresses’ guild.

　　法国裁缝是这篇吗?来自GWD