阅读试题

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的) skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.

Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.

Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.

In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. "Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas." Berninger said.

Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) "those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen," the study said. Seeing the words in the "mind's eye" helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.

"In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks," she said. "But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer."

阅读试题

46. What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

A. The absence of blackboard in classrooms.

B. The use of new technologies in teaching.

C. The lack of practice in handwriting.

D. The popular use of smartphones.

47. Berninger's study published in 2009 ___________.

A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.

B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.

C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences.

D. discussed the importance of writing speed.

48. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?

A. Spelling improves one's memory of words.

B. Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.

C. Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.

D. Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.

49. What does "mind's eye" in paragraph 5 mean?

A. Window.

B. Soul

C. Picture.

D. Imagination.

50. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?

A. Computers can help people with their choice of words.

B. Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.

C. Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.

D. Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

参考译文

学生不断地从黑板上抄写字母和句子的做法已经是过去的事了。随着类似电脑和智能手机的新技术的到来，手写变成了某种怀旧的技能。然而，虽然当今的教育者在教学中越来越多地使用高科技，但是许多人仍然相信基本的手写技能对于学生在学校和生活中取得成功很有必要的。

华盛顿大学教育心理学教授Virginia Berninger说继续教手写并让孩子们获得手写技能很重要。

Berninger和她的同事指导了一项研究，通过电脑和手写来观察学生应对复杂多样的写作任务的能力。2009年公布的研究表明当参与者用纸和笔书写时，参与者能够写出很长的文章和更加复杂的句子，同时还拥有更高地文字产出率。

在最近的一次研究中，Berninger研究了拼写在学生写作技能中扮演的角色，并发现孩子们的拼写方式与他们的作文质量有关。Berninger说：“拼写能够使大脑的某些部分思维活跃，这能够帮助我们记住词汇、单词的意义和概念。有助于帮助我们把书写语言与我们的思想联系起来。”

研究表明，拼写首先帮助学生在大脑中将他们的思想转化成文字，然后把那些文字转换成书写符号呈现在纸上，键盘上或屏幕上。用“心灵的眼睛”来看文字不仅可以帮助孩子们把他们的思想转换成文字，还能在他们把文字写下来时帮助他们发现书写错误并随时改正。

她说：“在我们的电脑时代，一些人认为我们不需要教拼写，因为我们拥有拼写检测。但是，在孩子能有一个大概五年级水平的拼写能力之前，他们都不具备在电脑给出的选项中选出正确拼写的知识。”

答案解析

46. B 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第二句可知，随着像计算机、智能手机等新技术的到来，手写已成为了人们怀旧的技能。由此可知B项正确。

47. A 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段的第一句可知，Berninger和她的同事们对学生使用计算机和手写完成各种各样的写作任务的能力进行调查。由此可知A项正确。

48. B 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段第一句中的"found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write"可知，拼写能力与书写能力关系密切。

49. D 考查词义猜测。根据画线部分前后的内容可推知，"mind's eye"指想象力。

50. C 考查推理判断。根据文章尾段可知，拼写能力达到五年级水平的学生才有知识选择电脑上正确的拼写方式，因此在今日的课堂上书写仍然有一席之地。