阅读试题

They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus — until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

阅读试题

60. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's　　　　　.

A. sense of hearing　　

B. sense of sight　　

C. sense of touch　　

D. sense of smell

61. Babies are sensitive to the change in______.

A. the size of cards 　　　　

B. the colour of pictures

C. the shape of patterns 　

D. the number of objects

62. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?

A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B. To see how babies recognize sounds.

C. To carry their experiment further.

D. To keep the babies' interest.

63. Where does this text probably come from?

A. Science fiction.　

B. Children's literature.　

C. An advertisement.　

D. A science report.

参考译文

他们的孩子刚出生一天，还没有离开医院。她很安静，但是也很警觉。距离她的脸部20厘米处，研究人员放置了一张印有两个黑点的白色卡片。她仔细盯着卡片。研究人员又将卡片替换成另一张，并且这一次卡片上的间隔点不同。随着卡片一张张地更换，她的目光也开始失去焦点，直到第三张带有三个黑色斑点的卡片呈现在她的眼前。她的目光才又转了回来，她像看之前的卡片一样长时间地盯着，看了两次。在进入这个世界24小时后，她能发现第二张与第三张的不同吗？

还是说新生儿只是更喜欢点少的？同样的实验，但有三个斑点的卡片比两个点的卡片先呈现，当斑点的数量变化时，却显示出相同的结果。也许只是新齐？当我们给年龄稍大点的儿童看物品的照片时（一把梳子,一把钥匙，一个桔子等等），改变物品的数量能产生与改变物体本身不一样的效果。这是只适用于两者的模式，而不适用于三者吗？又不是的。当它们的数量由二变到三，或由三变到二时，婴儿更加关注屏幕上随机移动的方块，这种影响甚至会贯穿他们的感官。那些反复看两个点的婴儿在听到三声鼓声的时候比他们听到两声鼓声的时候更加兴奋；同样地，当研究人员开始击鼓并移动斑点时，他们也会变得更加兴奋。

答案解析

60. B 考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced."可知，第一段描述的试验主要针对的是婴儿的视觉（sense of sight）。

61. D 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns, she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card."可知，当图片上物体的数量发生变化时，婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍。由此可知，婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感。

62. C 考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知，研究者变换了对婴儿的刺激方式，是为了更深入地进程行研究。因此研究者让婴儿听鼓声是为了进行深入的研究。

63. D 考查推理判断。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等，因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。