阅读试题

When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps theUNO could set up a body of devoted men and women is every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.

More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, "Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime." If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration ofa school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not costmuch to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands andif necessary come back form time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.

Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short runand must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.

阅读试题

61. According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time ?

A. By solving the cost problems
B. By solving the transportation problems
C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.

62. What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence ?

A. Providing food is vital 　　　
B. Learning to fish is helpful
C. Teaching skills is essential 　
D. Looking after others is important.

63. The second paragraph is developed mainly _________.

A. by example 　
B. by process 　
C. by comparison 　
D. by contrast

64. Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands ?

A. A medical team. 　
B. An exchange program.
C. A water plant. 　　

D. Financial support.

65. What can we infer about international aid from the passage?

A. It is facing difficulties.
B. It is unnecessary during normal times
C. It should be given in the form of materials
D. It has gained support developed countries

参考译文

提供国际援助时，必须采取措施以确保援助能够到达需要的人手中。实现这一目标并不简单。对于一个国家而言，直接帮助另一个国家的人民是困难的。联合国组织可以进行直接的援助分配。然而这也导致了成本上涨的问题，还有与之相关的时间问题。也许联合国组织可以设立一个部门，在这个部门里包含着每个国家能迅速将援助分发给洪灾和地震灾害受害者的男性和女性。

不止是在危难时期一国给予他国的帮助，在正常时期为他国提供其他形式的帮助会有更好的效果。有一句常见的谚语说：“授之以鱼，不如授之以渔。”如果我们遵循这条明智的谚语法则，那么这恰好能教会欠发达国家的人们照顾好自己。例如，一个可以与另一个国家分享其技术。这在农业等领域要相对简单而在医疗卫生，甚至卫星建设等领域要相对复杂。即使是一个小国家也有能力帮助欠发达国家。有时，像水净化工厂以及学校的行政管理机构这样被认为是理所当然的设置也有利于帮助国家解决常见问题。分享这些简单的东西并不需要花费多少钱。交换生有几个月或几年的交换学习时间，同时他们还在网上学习所需的工艺。然后，他们可以把他们学到的知识带回祖国，如果有必要的话，他们会时不时地回来解除疑虑或提升自己。这样的援助才是真正有用而永久的，并且能够切实落在有需要的人手中的。

许多国家开设了许多不同种类的技能课程。包括值得帮助的外国人在内，这些课程都不会花费很多钱。除了给予有关国家有效的帮助之外，还需考虑建立友好关系。以提供物质的方式给予直接帮助可能在短期内有效，并且在发生突发事件时还必须继续提供帮助。然而，从长远利益来看，真正有效的帮助是知识的共享。

答案解析

61. C 考查细节理解。从第一段的最后一句可知，联合国组织可以建立乐于奉献的团体，然后通过他们及时把救助品分发给那些受灾的人。所以选C项。

62. C 考查推理判断。画线句子的意思是"授人以鱼，不如授人以渔"，这句话告诉我们：教会别人技能非常重要。所以选C项。

63. A 考查写作手法。作者在第二段先引用一句谚语，然后通过例子来阐述。由此可以推断第二段是通过举例子开展的。所以选A项。

64. D 考查推理判断。第二段提到了多种援助的形式，如：分享在农业、医学和卫星等方面的技术；建纯净水厂；建学校；交流学生。由第二段最后一句可知，以上的援助形式能够发挥真正的作用，故选D。

65. A 考查推理判断。从文章最后一段最后一句可知，从长远看，真正有效的国际援助形式是分享知识。其他形式的援助只能解一时的困难。所以选A项。