阅读试题

Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.

Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well isthe rule known as 'bracketing'. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.

Most of the time we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we don't want to hear.

It wasn't until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being trulylistened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的). In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy(心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient's sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time inyears, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.

阅读试题

66. The phrase "stepping into his or her shoes" in paragraph 2 probably means _______.

A. preparing a topic list first
B. focusing on one's own mind
C. directing the talk to the desired results
D. experiencing the speaker's inside world

67. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2 ?

A. How to listen well. 　　　
B. What to listen to.
C. Benefits of listening. 　　
D. Problems in listening

68. According to the author, in communication people tend to ________.

A. listen actively 　　　　　　　
B. listen purposefully
C. set aside their prejudices 　　
D. open up their inner mind

69. According to the author, the patients improved mainly because _______.

A. they were taken good care of. 　　
B. they knew they were truly listened to.
C. they had partners to talk to. 　　　

D. they knew the roots of problems.

70. What type of writing the article likely to be ?

A. Science fiction　
B. A news report.　
C. A medical report. 　
D. Popular science

参考译文

许多人认为倾听是一件被动的事。但恰恰相反，善于倾听能够积极地锻炼我们的注意力并让我们努力工作。因为他们没有意识到这一点，或是因为他们不愿意去工作，所以大多数人都不善于倾听。

善于倾听需要我们全身心地投入到他人身上。众所周知的括号原则是善于倾听的一部分。括号原则包括暂时放弃或者是把你的偏见和欲望放在一边，深入他人的内心世界，做到感同身受。此外，善于倾听不仅包括括号原则，还涉及到暂时接受另一个人的问题。感觉到这种短暂的接受后，说话人似乎更愿意向倾听者敞开他们的内心世界。这样才会有真正的沟通。善于倾听所需的能量是如此之大，它能够实现自身与对方的共同成长。

而在大多数时候我们都缺乏这种能量。尽管在商业交易或处理社会关系方面，我们觉得自己很善于倾听，但是我们通常做的都是有选择性的听。我们经常会在心里准备一张表，当我们在倾听的时候，我们就会想我们要怎样做才能达到我们预期的某种结果并尽可能快地结束我们的对话，或是直接利用更能令我们满意的方法。相较于倾听，我们当中的许多人更喜欢说话，或是我们单纯地不想去听我们不愿意听的内容。

直到快结束我医生的职业生涯时，我才懂得这个道理，那就是经常被倾听是很有疗效的。在问题的根源还没有被揭露或解释清楚之前，我所见到的病人中就有大约四分之一的人在经过头几个月的心理治疗后取得了令人惊讶的进步。导致这种现象的原因有很多，但我相信其中最主要的原因是病人的感觉，他或她认为他（她）是真的被倾听，这也许是他（她）多年来的第一次，而对某些人来说，这也许是他（她）有生以来的第一次。

答案解析

66. D 考查句意理解。从上文中的"to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside"可知，画线部分指的是要理解说话者的内心世界。所以选D项。

67. A 考查段落大意。从第二段中的"Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else."及"Bracketing"，"Moreover”等关键信息可知，本段主要讲的是如何认真顷听，故选A项。

68. B 考查细节理解。从第三段中的"Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively."可知，在交流中，人们总是有选择、有目的地听别人讲话。所以选B项。

69. B 考查细节理解。从最后一段中的"but chief among them, I believe, was the patient's sense that he or shewas being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and foe some, perhaps for the first time ever”可知，作者认为，病人好转的主要原因是：有人真正倾听他们。所以选B项。

70. D 考查推理判断。本文主要讲的是认真倾听别从的好处，如何认真倾听别人及认真倾听对病人的作用。这是有关科学的内容。因此可以得知本文可能是科普文。所以选D项。