课前阅读
Unit 19 Modern Agriculture Reading MODERN AGRICULTURE
第19单元 现代农业 阅读 现代农业
For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China did not change very much.
数千年来，中国传统的农业耕作方式变化不大。
Most farms were one-family businesses.
大多数的农田用单一化农作物的耕作模式。
Although China is a very big country ,
虽然中国幅员辽阔。
only seven percent of the land can be used for farming.
但仅有百分之七的土地适于耕种。
It is on this arable land
就是在仅有适于耕种的土地上。
that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.
农民们为全中国的广大人口生产着粮食。
Farmers in China have long used techniques such as
中国的农民一直沿用技术诸如
fertilization and irrigation to make their land produce more.
施肥和灌溉等手段来提高土地产量。
Over time,many farming techniques have been modernized:
随着时间的推移，许多耕作技术已经现代化了。
chemical fertilizers are now used and electric pumps are used in irrigation.
如今使用化肥和电力灌溉。
To make as much use of the land as possible,
为了最有效利用土地资源。
two or more crops are planted each year where possible.
可能的地方每年要种植两种或更多的农作物。
Rice,cotton and vegetable seeds are sometimes grown in special seedbeds
有时，大米，棉花和蔬菜种子要在苗床培育
before they are planted in the fields.
然后移栽到农田中。
This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.
这可以节省时间，让农民在每个季节里再种一茬作物。
More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in the 1980s.
更先进的技术知识是从20世纪80年代，从国外引进。
Import of technology and machines,and the international exchange of delegations
科枝和机械的进口，以及国际间的交流
have helped Chinese farmers improve their production.
帮助中国农民增加了产量。
It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques
从20世纪90年代初，科学家就开始开发新技术。
to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.
农业增产对环境无污染的。
Chemical fertilization,for example,help to produce better crops,but is harmful to the environment.
例如，化肥有助于增产，但它对环境有害。
New techniques should increase agricultural production but also be friendly to the environment.
新的技术必须既增加农业生产又有益于环境。
Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.
未来的农业既必须依靠高科技又要依靠传统的方式。
Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.
粮食生产是重要的但保护环境同样重要。
The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.
目前，中国农民面临最大的问题是缺乏适于耕种的土地。
Using the latest technologies,Chinese scientists grow vegetables in greenhouses.
利用最新技术，中国科学家已能在温室种植蔬菜。
The roots of these vegetables are not planted in earth
这些蔬菜不是植根于土
but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow.
而是吊挂在含有它们生长所需的各种营养水中。
Today,many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses
如今，许多蔬菜不是生长在菜园里而是长在温室里。
where they are protected from the wind,rain and insects.
他们不受到风雨和害虫的侵袭。
The temperature is controlled with computers,no matter how the weather is outside.
温室里的温度由电脑控制，不管外面的天气怎样。
Another technique tries to create plants that produce more and bigger fruit.
另外一项技术是试图开发能够结出更多更大水果植物。
In 1993,a kind of tomato was developed
1993年，一种西红柿问世了
that was very different from any grown before.
那是与普通品种迥然不同的。
It was developed using a technique known as GM.
它的开发靠的是一种叫做GM的技术。
"G" stands for"genetically "from the word "genes".
G代表"基因"，源自"基因一词，
"M" stands for"modified",which means "changed".
"""M""代表""变更""。"
In other words,the way tomatoes grow from a natural seed is changed.
换句话说，西红柿从自然种籽生长的方式改变了。
The new tomatoes are bigger and healthier.
新的西红柿更大，更健康。
They can grow without danger from diseases.
这样的西红柿不会受到疾病的威胁。
They also need much less time to get ripe.
而且，它们生长成熟所需的时间要少得多。
The tomato is one of nearly 4,500 different plants that are genetically modified.
西红柿是大约4500个不同品种转基因植物中一例。
In China,about one hundred research stations
在中国，有大约100个研究所
are now doing GM research to make better tomatoes,cotton,tobacco,
正在从事转基因的探索工作，以研制更好的西红柿，棉花烟草，
green peppers,flowers,watermelons,soybeans,fish and of course rice.
青椒，花卉，西瓜，大豆，鱼，当然还有水稻。
A variety of GM watermelons will be seedless
有一种转基因的西瓜将是无籽的
and there is GM rice sometimes called "golden rice",
还有一种转基因水稻，有时称作黄金水稻。
which will have more vitamins and can grow in poor soil.
它将富含维他命并可以在较为贫瘠的土豪中生长。
综合技能
INTEGRATING SKILLS Reading and writing
综合技能 读，写
FARMING AND GARDENING
农业和园艺业
Agriculture has a long history in China.
农业在中国有很长的历史。
Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chinese scientists
早期中国科学家积累的许多很多经验和知识
is still useful for farmers and gardeners today.
在今天仍然对农民和园艺工人很有裨益。
One of China's early agricultural scientists was Jia Sixie.
贾思勰是中国最早的农业科学家之一。
Who lived in the sixth century AD.
他生活在公元6世纪，
He was born in Yidu,Shangdong Province.
他出生在山东益都。
He spent his time on research into agriculture.
他毕生从事农业研究。
He collected information,studied it,
他收集信息，研究资料，
did experiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers.
进行实验，并向农民学习取经。
Around 540 AD,he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu.
公元540年左右，他写了一本叫做《齐民要术》的书。
The book is about both farming and gardening.
这本书谈耕作和园艺。
It includes advice on the following subjects:
它包含对以下课题的提议:
growing green vegetables and fruit trees,
蔬菜果树的栽培，
keeping cows,sheep and fish in lakes.
牛羊的饲养，湖泊养鱼。
There are also instructions for making wine.
书中还说明了如何酿酒。
For centuries after Jia Sixie died,
在贾思勰去世后的许多世纪中，
his book was studied by Chinese farmers and students of farming.
在国农民和农业专业的学生还在学习他的这本书。
Jia Sixie's book is a practical guide to farming.
贾思勰的书是耕作的实用指南。
Firstly,as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year.
首先，作为农民，应该不违农时。
If you sow seeds and grow young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year,
如果你播种和育苗都很适时
your work will be less and the results will be better.
你就会花的劳动少而收效大。
But if you go against the nature
但是如果你违反自然法则
and do things atthe wrong time of the year,
不适时耕作，
you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.
你就费力大而且收获少。
The condition of the soil is also very important.
土壤的条件也很重要。
Examine the soil on your farm carefully.
仔细观察土壤。
If the condition of your soil is not good,you should improve it.
如果土壤条件不好，你就应当改良它。
Before sowing or planting crops,
在播种庄稼之前，
rough ground must be cleaned and weeds removed.
先平整土地，清除杂草
Let sheep or cows walk on the land.
让牛羊在地里走过。
The animals will destroy the weeds or eat them.
牛羊会把杂草踩死或吃掉
The land should also be ploughed,so weeds are destroyed.
还应当用犁耕地，以除杂草。
When you plough the soil,
耕地时，
plough deep the first time and less deep the second time.
第一次要深耕，第二次要浅耕。
So the autumn ploughing should be deeper than the spring ploughing.
因此秋耕要比春耕深。
The best harvest is reached when farmers change the crops in their fields.
当农民变换地里的作物时，就会获得好收成。
For example,do not plant rice year after year in the same field.
例如，不要年复一年地在同一块地里种稻谷。
But if you plant rice in a field one year
如果在一块地里一年种稻谷
and wheat in the field the next year,you will harvest good crops.
第二年种小麦，你就会获得好收成。
Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants,
别的科学家说小麦栽培株距应当大些，
but Jia did experiments and showed that planting wheat close together is better.
然而。贾思勰作了实验，证明小麦种得密一点更好。
He also said that it is good to grow different plants
他也说种不同的植物效果好
next to each other in the same field.
在同一块地。
课后练习
Work book Unit 19 Modern agriculture
练习 第19单元 现代农业
Integrating skills Reading Greeting the hills
综合技能 阅读 绿化山林
The village people of Zhuozuo in Southwest China love their trees.
中国西南部Zhuozuo村的人民喜欢他们的树。
Trees grow everywhere on all the hills around the village.
这村子周围山上每个地方都种了树。
Even in the village itself,young trees are growing.All of this is new.
甚至村庄本身，小树在正在生长。全部都是刚种的。
In the past there were no trees left in or around the village.
在过去，这村庄周围没有一棵树留下
Trees were cut down,but none were planted.
这些树都被砍掉了，并没有人去种植
When it rained,the soil was washed away down the hills and into the rivers.
当下雨时，山上的泥土被冲到河里去了。
As a result of this,there may be problems,
结果，这里出现了许多问题，
such as floods,sand storms or droughts.
譬如，水灾，沙尘暴或干旱。
The time has come to repair the damage that was done to the environment.
这次是为了补救他们对环境的毁坏。
That does not always have to be difficult or expensive.
不能总是那样做，那是很困难并发费很大。
Hu Meiying from Zhuozuo village in Guizhou Province,
来自贵州省卓作村的胡美英，
realised that the environment was damaged
他意识到环境遭到破坏
because farmers had been cutting down too many trees.
因为农民砍下了太多树木。
Cutting down trees and selling the wood
贫困的农民砍下树并出售木头
was the only way for poor farmers to make some money and feed their families.
只是为了赚些钱来养家扶口。
Meiying decided to take 3.2 hectares of land and planted pear trees and tea.
美英决定用3。2公顷的田土来种植梨树和茶树。
After about three years,her work planting trees
几年过后，她种植树木的工作
had turned barren land green again.
使这荒地再次变绿。
She then organised 263 neighbours,all women from the villages around, to do the same.
她组织263位邻居，这村庄所有的妇女来种植树木。
They planted over 130,000 trees.
她们种了130，000棵树。
Meiying held village meetings and explained to the people
美英举行了村委会向人们解释
how important it is to take care of the woods.
保护树木的重要性。
People are not allowed to cut down trees when they are still small.
当这些树很少时不允许砍它们。
Everyone obeys the rules.
每天都遵守这规则。
As a result,all the hills surrounding their village
结果，他们村子周围的山上
are now covered with green trees.
现在全部被绿树覆盖了。
To the villagers'great joy,
这对村民们来说是很开心的乐事，
the tree and tea crops are also bringing in money to them.
这树上的果实，茶叶也给他们赚了很多钱。
文本来源于在线英语听力室