二十国领导人峰会闭幕 金融体系改革拉开序幕
World leaders vow to undertake coordinated action to tackle financial crisis

面对世界经济和国际金融市场异常严峻的挑战，在华盛顿出席金融市场和世界经济峰会的二十国集团领导人１５日发表宣言承诺，加强合作，努力恢复全球增长，实现世界金融体系的必要改革，防止类似危机再次发生。此间舆论普遍认为，这次峰会为改革国际金融体系拉开了序幕。

　　Leaders from the world's major developed and emerging economies agreed here on Saturday to undertake a coordinated action to tackle the ongoing global financial crisis and explore measures to prevent similar crisis in the future.

　　DETERMINATION AND REFORMS

　　"We are determined to enhance our cooperation and work together to restore global growth and achieve needed reforms in the world's financial system," said the leaders in a declaration issued at theG20 summit on financial markets and world economy, which is held Saturday in Washington.

　　"Our work will be guided by a shared belief that market principles, open trade and investment regimes, and effectively regulated financial markets foster the dynamism, innovation, and entrepreneurship that are essential for economic growth, employment, and poverty reduction," the declaration said.

　　The Washington summit, held amid serious challenges to the world economy and financial markets, was the first time for the Group of 20 since it was founded in 1999.

　　The group consists of the world's major developed and emerging economies which accounting for 85 percent to 90 percent of the world's total economy and about two-thirds of the world's population.

　　As widely expected before the summit, the leaders vowed to implement reforms in order to strengthen financial markets and regulatory regimes so as to avoid future crisis.

　　Intensified international cooperation among regulator and strengthening of international standards and their consistent implementation is necessary to protect against adverse cross-border, regional and global developments affecting international financial stability, according to the leaders.

　　"Regulators must ensure that their actions support market discipline, avoid potentially adverse impacts on other countries, including regulatory arbitrage, and support competition, dynamism and innovation in the marketplace.

　　"Financial institutions must also bear their responsibility for the turmoil and should do their part to overcome it including by recognizing losses, improving disclosure and strengthening their governance and risk management practices," said the declaration.

　　面对世界经济和国际金融市场异常严峻的挑战，在华盛顿出席金融市场和世界经济峰会的二十国集团领导人１５日发表宣言承诺，加强合作，努力恢复全球增长，实现世界金融体系的必要改革，防止类似危机再次发生。此间舆论普遍认为，这次峰会为改革国际金融体系拉开了序幕。

　　国际金融体系必须改革

　　国际货币基金组织总裁卡恩表示，当前金融危机清楚表明，目前的金融体系不能适应全球化金融市场的要求，这一体系的合法性和有效性存在疑问。

　　改革当前金融体系，使之适应２１世纪要求，是此次峰会与会各方的共识。但在如何改革，尤其是具体到如何加强金融监管问题上，一些国家间还有严重分歧。法国总统萨科齐主张，所有金融领域、包括跨国资本流动，都应纳入监管之下；美国总统布什则强调，监管不能造成对市场的过度干预，在面临当前挑战的情况下，各国应该抵制保护主义、集团主义和失败主义的倾向。

　　尽管存在分歧，但各方还是本着协作精神做了妥协。关于跨境资本流动，会后发表的宣言只是宽泛指出，各国监管机构应加强“协调和合作”；在市场干预问题上，宣言则强调，必须坚持自由市场原则，因为这对经济增长和繁荣至关重要。

　　中国国家主席胡锦涛在峰会上发表讲话指出，应该坚持建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序的方向，努力营造有利于全球经济健康发展的制度环境。国际金融体系改革，应该坚持全面性、均衡性、渐进性、实效性的原则。

　　此间分析人士指出，未来几年，将是新国际金融体系的形成时期。事实上，外界普遍把这次峰会与１９４４年的“布雷顿森林会议”相提并论，认为峰会将开创新的国际金融体系。英国首相布朗表示，峰会使世界“正朝新布雷顿森林体系迈进”；美国总统布什也表示，世界将迎来“布雷顿森林体系ＩＩ”。