听力试题 Section A

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
　　Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.
B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.
C)The man's switch to a new career.
D) The restructuring of her company.

2. A) Talented personnel.
B) Strategic innovation.
C) Competitive products.
D) Effective promotion.

3. A) Expand the market.
B) Recruit more talents.
C) Innovate constantly.
D) Watch out for his competitors.

4. A) Possible bankruptcy.
B) Unforeseen difficulties.
C) Conflicts within the company.
D) Imitation by one's competitors.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. A) The job of an interpreter.
B) The stress felt by professionals.
C) The importance of language proficiency.
D) The best way to effective communication.

6. A) Promising.
B) Admirable.
C) Rewarding.
D) Meaningful.

7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.
B) They all have professional qualifications.
C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.
D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.

8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.
B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.
C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.
D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress.

听力试题 Section B

Section B
　　Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) It might affect mothers' health.
B) It might disturb infants' sleep.
C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.
D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.

10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.
B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.
C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.
D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.

11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.
B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.
C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.
D) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

Passage Two
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.
B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.
C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.
D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.

13. A) To set up more language schools.
B) To document endangered languages.
C) To educate native American children.
D) To revitalise America's native languages.

14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.
B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.
C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.
D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.

15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.
B) It tells traditional stories during family time.
C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.
D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.

听力试题 Section C

　　Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Recording One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.
B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.
C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.
D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.

17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.
B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.
C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.
D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.

18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.
B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.
C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.
D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.

Recording Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.
B) They analyzed the water content.
C) They explored the ocean floor.
D) They investigated the ice.

20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.
B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.
C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.
D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.

21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.
B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.
C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.
D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.

22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.
B) There is no easy way to understand it.
C) It will advance nuclear technology.
D) There is no easy technological solution to it.

Recording Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.
B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.
C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.
D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.

24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.
B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.
C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.
D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.

25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.
B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.
C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.
D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.

听力答案

Section A & B & C
01-04:ABCD
05-08:ABBC
09-11:CDB
12-15:ADAC
16-18:ABC
19-22:DDCD
23-25:BDA

六级听力解析 Section A
Section A
Conversation One

1 What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?
[A] 【解析】对话开头，女士就说迈克在 CucinTech 负责了一个创新项目，并接着说到项目似乎非常成功。由此，可选定 A 项“男士在 CucinTech 负责的项目”。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 project, technology, career 以及 company，可推测问题可能与工作相关。②对话主要探讨的是战略上的创新，而 B 项“CucinTech 的技术革新”只是利用对话里的关键词 innovation 进行干扰；C 项“男士转换到新的职业上”在对话中并未提及；对话谈论的是男士在 CucinTech 的工作情况，与女士公司无关，故排除 D 项“她公司的重组”。
2 What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?
[B] 【解析】女士问到是否 CucinTech 命运的逆转完全归功于战略创新，男士作了肯定回答，并表达了他对 CucinTech 的看法，认为这个公司以前只是一味地随大流，重复别人的做法。由此可见， CucinTech 以前缺乏战略创新，所以选 B 项。
【干扰项排除】①从选项的内容来看，题目涉及公司的情况。②A 项“人才”是该公司的优势而不是它欠缺的；男士认为该公司在产品研发上有很大潜力，但并未提及产品是否具有竞争力，故 C 项“具有竞争力的产品”排除；D 项“有效的促销”在对话中并没有提及。
3 What does the man say he should do in his business?
[C] 【解析】对话围绕战略创新展开，男士表达了自己对创新的看法，即“我们需要不断地创新，以跟上时代的步伐，停滞不前就等于落后”，接着他指出，“作为公司战略，创新没有止境”，所以在商业领域他应该做的就是 C 项“不断创新”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为、动作有关。②A 项“扩大市场”在对话中未提及；B 项“招聘更多人才”和 D 项“留心竞争对手”则利用对话中出现的 talent 和 competitor 来作干扰。
4 What does the man say is the risk of innovation?
[D] 【解析】对于创新，男士提出他的担忧，即经常导致被模仿，所以 D 项“被竞争对手模仿”正确。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项中的 bankruptcy, conflicts, difficulties, competitors 等关键词可推测题目与某个困境相关。②A 项“可能破产”、B 项“难以预见的困难”和 C 项“公司内部的冲突”在对话中均未提及。

Conversation Two

5 What are the speakers mainly talking about?
[A]【解析】对话开头就开门见山地介绍了一位口译嘉宾，接下来两人围绕着嘉宾的工作展开了一系列讨论。因此，选 A 项“一位口译者的工作”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为名词短语，可推测问题可能与对话的主题相关。②对话中提到过口译者的压力，但这只是对话中的一部分，而且对话并未提及其他专业人士的压力问题，故 B 项“专业人士感受到的压力”排除；对话中虽然提到了口译中语言熟练的问题，但这不是对话的核心，C 项“语言熟练程度的重要性”太过片面；D 项“有效沟通的最好方式”在对话中未提及。
6 What does the man think of Dana's profession?
[B]【解析】男士明确表明了他对 Dana 的工作充满了钦佩，故选 B 项“令人钦佩的”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为表主观感受的形容词，推测题目问态度或看法。②A 项“有希望的”、C 项“值得的”和 D 项“有意义的”均不是男士对女士工作的看法。
7 What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?
[B]【解析】对话中，Dana 用一个双重否定句强调，她所认识的口译工作者都取得了专业资质，并经过专业训练。所以，B 项“他们都具有专业资质”正确。
【干扰项排除】①选项的主语都是 They，且均关于具备的某种素质或能力，听音时留意相关信息。②A 项“他们都对语言很感兴趣”不选，口译者们是否对语言有强烈的兴趣并未在对话中提及；女士并没有提到他们是否都通过了语言能力测试，故 C 项错误；而 D 项“他们都学习过跨文化差异”在对话中未提及。
8 What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?
[C]【解析】对话中，女士说大多数口译者都认为，与同声传译相比，交替传译更有压力，故选 C 项“它比同声传译更有压力”。
【干扰项排除】①选项主语均为 It,且每个句子都有表示比较的词汇，听音时注意有关对比的信息。②A 项“它要求更多的词汇量”和 B 项“它'更看重准确性”在对话中没有提及；根据对话，交替传译更考验人的短时记忆，D 项“它考验人在更大压力下的长时记忆”与此相悖，故应排除。

六级听力解析 Section B

Section B
Passage One
9 What is the long-held view about mothers sleeping with newborn babies?
[C]【解析】录音首句就指出，多年来妈妈们一直被警告，与新生儿睡在一起不好，因为这会增加婴儿夜间意外死亡的风险，由此可选定 C 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项主语均为 It，且根据选项关键词 mother, infants 等可推测题目询问某事对妈妈、婴儿的影响。②A 项“它可能影响妈妈的健康”是以色列研究者得出的最新发现，而不是长期以来的一种观点；B 项“它可能妨碍婴儿睡眠”和 D 项“它可能使妈妈精神上更加苦闷”在短文中未提及。
10 What do Israeli researchers' findings show?
[D]【解析】以色列研究者发现，即使与婴儿睡在同一个房间，也会对妈妈产生负面影响，D 项中的 impact 是文中 consequence 的同义替换，为正确答案。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 mothers、babies、 sleep 等可推测题目询问的是关于睡眠与妈妈或婴儿的关系。②录音中只是提到很多被调查的妈妈都是母乳喂养，并没有提及母乳喂养对妈妈睡眠的影响，A 项“母乳喂养的妈妈入睡更困难”没有依据；录音指出，与婴儿一起睡影响妈妈睡眠，B 项“与婴儿一起睡的妈妈每晚需要更多睡眠”属于过度推断；录音中只是提及爸爸的睡眠模式可能影响妈妈，但是 C 项“妈妈的睡眠模式极大地影响新生儿的健康”在短文中并未提及。
11 What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?
[B]【解析】为了减少婴儿猝死的风险，美国儿科学会建议妈妈们不要跟婴儿同床睡，但可以睡在一个房间，所以选 B 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为、动作有关。②A 项“改变睡眠模式以适应她们的新生宝宝”并不是儿科学会建议的内容；C 项“与宝宝睡在同一个家，但不同的房间”不符合美国儿科学会的建议；D 项“采取预防措施以减少婴儿猝死的风险”属过度推断，录音中没有涉及预防措施。

Passage Two
12 What do we learn from the report?
[A]【解析】短文讲的是很多美国本土语言濒临灭绝的困境，第一句话就指出，美国已经丢失了超过 1/3 的本土语言，由此可选定 A 项“美国很多本土语言已经灭绝”。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关鍵词 native languages， US, died out, preserve 等可推测题目与美国本土语言的困境有关。②美国现有 192 种语言濒临灭绝，但录音并未提及这个数字为世界之最，B 项“美国濒危语言的数量最多”属过度推断；美国印第安人国家博物馆的 Fred Nahwooksy 说，让这些濒危语言回归到日常使用正在进展当中，可排除 C 项“保护印第安语的努力被证明是徒劳的”；Fred Nahwooksy 也说到“我们需要需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，所以 D 项“需要更多的钱来记录美国的本土语言”可排除。
13 For what purpose does Fred Nahwooksy appeal for more funding?
[D]【解析】录音中引用美国原住民博物馆的 Fred 的话说“我们需要更多的资金并付出更大的努力以让这些语言重新回到日常使用中来……需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，可选定 D 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式，推测问题与行为动作或目的相关。②A 项“建立更多的语言学校”属过度推断，文中指出通过学校教育可以拯救这些濒危语言，但没有提及创建更多新学校；B 项“记录濒危语言”是现有的做法，不是 Nahwooksy 呼吁的目的；C 项“教育美国土著孩子”是拯救濒危语言取得成效的途径之一，不是目的，也与更多资金没有直接的关联。
14 What is the historical cause of the decline in the American Indian Languages?
[A]【解析】美国印第安语言的衰落有其历史根源：在 19 世纪中叶，美国政府采取了美国化印第安儿童的政策，即将印第安人的孩子赶出他们的家园，将他们与其文化隔绝。由此，可选定 A 项。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 American, US government, Indian 等可推测问题与美国印第安人的情况有关。②B 项“美国印第安语没有取得官方地位”、C 项“美国政府不愿花钱教育印第安人”和 D“印第安人长期与外界隔绝”均利用个别原词拼凑而成，录音中都未提及。
15 What does the speaker say about television?
[C]【解析】就电视对于本土语言的危害，短文末尾指出，电视将英语带入家庭，挤掉传统的家庭讲故事时间，从而加速了本土语言的灭绝。C 项中的 speed up 与该句中的 accelerating 同义，为答案。
【干扰项排除】①选项均以 It 开头，且根据关键词 native languages 可预测问题关于某物与本土语言的关系。②A 项“它被利用来教授本土语言”和 D 项“它被广泛用于浸润式语言学校”在短文中均没有提及；而 B 项“它在家庭聚会时间讲传统故事”与短文说法相悖，在家庭聚会时间讲传统故事是被电视挤掉的事情。

六级听力解析 Section C

Section C
Recording One
16 How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?
[A]【解析】录音以 Rosen 为例讲述了美国失业者的困境，其前段提到，Rosen 借助失业保险购买日用品、支付房款，在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半。因此 A 项“在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半”正确。
【干扰项排除】①选项均以 It 开头，且根据关键词 pay, they, work, living expenses 等可推测题目与一群人的工作生活有关。②B 项“它给他们支付 99 周的抵押贷款和医药费”没有在录音中提到；录音提到，失业保险后来中断了对 Rosen 的救助，表明救助是有时限的，故 C 项“它一直支付他们的生活费直到他们找到另一份工作”不准确；D 项“它提供给他们基本的生活必需品”在录音中找不到根据。
17 What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County CareerLink doing?
[B]【解析】录音中段 Elizabeth Walsh 表示，他们提供培训和指导以帮助失业者在当地谋差事，由此 B “为失业工人提供培训和指导”正确。
【干扰项排除】①由题目选项可知，本题可能与为失业工人提供的帮助有关。②A 项“为庞大的失业人群创造就业岗位”和 D 项“筹措资金帮助那些没有失业保险的人们”均与 Elizabeth Walsh 透露的信息无关。C 项“说服当地立法者延长失业救济”是 99ers 联盟的目标，也不正确。
18 What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed?
[C]【解析】录音后段女士提到，Scott Petri 认为，要救助那些长期失业者，最好的办法是允许普通公民在当地建厂办公司，以创造更多就业岗位。因此 C 项“通过鼓励私人投资在当地建立企业来创造更多工作岗位”正确。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式短语，推测问题与行为动作或目的相关。②A 项“提供给他们自主创业所需要的贷款”、B 项“允许他们延迟偿还每月的抵押贷款”以及 D 项“鼓励大公司重新雇用那些靠政府救济生活的人”三项表述均缺乏录音依据。

Recording Two
19 What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?
[D]【解析】录音开头就指出，Pen Huddle 及其团队在北冰洋上艰苦跋涉了 3 个月，对冰进行测量和记录。由此可选定 D 项“他们对冰进行调查”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均以 They 开头，且描述的都是行为状态，推测题目询问的是某人群的相关行为。②A 项“他们测量了海水的深度”、B 项“他们分析了水含量”和 C 项“他们勘探了海底”均与 Pen Huddle 和他的团队无关。
20 What does the report say about the Arctic region?
[D]【解析】录音前段女士指出，据最新的测量显示，极地冰的减少比人们先前想象的更为明显。D 项中的 decrease 和 evident 分别对应录音中的 loss 和 pronounced，故正确。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 ice 可推测本题与冰有关。②录音前段提到，覆盖在北冰洋的冰在 10 年后大约会减少 80%，而不是说 A 项“80%的冰在夏季消失”；B 项“大部分的冰是在过去的几百年累积成的”和 C 项“冰确保了许多濒危物种的存活”在录音中并没有提及。
21 What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in his study?
[C] 【解析】录音中段明确指出，剑桥科学家 Peter Wadhams 认为北极冰的减少不可逆转，故 C 项“北极冰的减少不可逆”正确。
【干扰项排除】录音主要探讨了北极冰不断融化这一问题的严峻形势及产生原因，并呼吁人们采取措施予以阻止，至于北极冰的作用及融化的危害并没有提及，故 A 项“北极冰是世界淡水的主要来源”、B 项“融化的北极冰已经淹没了很多沿海城市”和 D 项“北极冰对人类生存至关重要”均无根据。
22 How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?
[D] 【解析】录音最后 Wadhams 明确表示，没有简单的技术手段能解决气候变化问题。D 项中的 solution 对应录音中的 fix，故正确。
【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是关于 It 的情况，应注意听题目中 It 指代何物。②录音中指出全球气候变化，特别是全球变暖，是导致北极冰不断融化的主要原因之一，但并没有谈论它的其他危害，所以 A 项“它将给人类造成巨大伤害”属过度推断；B 项“理解它不容易”在录音中并未提及；根据 Wadhams 所言，核技术将是解决气候问题的方法之一，但气候变化是否必然推动核技术进步不得而知，故排除 C 项“它将推动核技术进步”。

Recording Three
23 What is the new study about?
[B]【解析】录音介绍了一项针对大约 1000 名新西兰孩子展开的新研究，探究了一个孩子自制力差是如何预示其成年后健康状况差、经济困难甚至犯罪的。故选 B 项“孩子自制力与其未来成功的关系”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为名词短语，推测问题可能与主题相关。②虽然这项新研究的调查对象是新西兰的孩子，但录音中没有证据证明新西兰的孩子自制力更好，故 A 项“为何新西兰的孩子似乎有更好的自制力”属过度推断；C 项“单亲家庭出来的孩子的健康问题”和 D 项“孩子学业成绩的决定性因素”都不是该研究的内容。
24 What does the study seem to show?
[D]【解析】录音后段指出，该研究表明父母一代自制力差可能会给下一代带来不利影响，因此 D 项“父母缺乏自制力对他们的孩子不利”正确。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 children, parents 等可推测题目与父母、子女关系有关。②女士提到，在 3 到 10 岁有最差的自控力的孩子，在 30 多岁的时候会有最多的健康问题，他们更可能有犯罪记录，并没有提到 A 项“单亲家庭出来的孩子在 30 多岁会经历一个困难期”和 B 项“有犯罪前科的人大部分来自单亲家庭”； C 项“父母必须学着在孩子面前有自制力”在录音中并未提及。
25 What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?
[A]【解析】录音最后指出，Moffitt 带来的好消息是父母或学校教育都可以帮助孩子养成好的自制力， 故选 A 项“可通过教育提高自制力”。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 Self-control, improve, detected, diminish 等可推测题目与自制力的提高或解决有关。②该研究认为自制力差可能导致人们成年后经济状况困难，但没有表明自制力可以改善其经济状况，所以 B 项“自制力可以改善人们的经济状况”属于过度推断；C 项“自制力问题在孩子小的时候就可被察觉”和 D 项“自制力问题随着一个人的成长而消失”在录音中均未提及，属无中生有。

听力原文 Section A

Section A
Conversation One
W: So Mike, you managed the innovation project at CucinTech.
M: I did indeed.
W: Well then, first, congratulations! It seems to have been very successful.
M: Thanks, yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinTech.
W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation?
M: Yes, yes I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential—particularly in their product development. I just have to harness that somehow.
W: Was innovation at the core of the project?
M: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliché，our world is constantly changing, and it's changing quickly. We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Stand still, and you're lost.
W: No stopping to sniff the roses?
M: Well, I'll do that in my personal life, sure. But as a business strategy, I'm afraid there's no stopping.
W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?
M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation, of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company, and that it's related to the company's overall strategy.
W: I see.
M: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.
W: How did you align strategies throughout the company?
M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent—people could see it was the best way to work.
W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantage?
M: I am certain of it. Absolutely. Especially if it's difficult for a competitor to copy. The risk is, of course, that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.
W: But not if ifs strategic?
M: Precisely!
W: Thanks for talking to us.
M: Sure.

1 What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?

2 What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?

3 What does the man say he should do in his business?

4 What does the man say is the risk of innovation?

Conversation Two
M: Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich who has worked for the last twenty years as an interpreter. Dana, welcome.
W: Thank you.
M: Now I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself, as a foreign correspondent, so I am full of admiration for what you do. But I think your profession is sometimes underrated, and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it...
W: There aren't any interpreters I know who don't have professional qualifications and training. You only really get proficient after many years in the job.
M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods, simultaneous and consecutive interpreting?
W: That's right. The techniques you use are different, and a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.
M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.
W: Well, actually no, most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language, before you then put it into the second language, which puts your short term memory under intense stress.
M: You make notes, I presume.
W: Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places, have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarising it so that the message is there. Turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreters and slow down the whole process too much.
M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking. You must have some preparation beforehand.
W: Well, hopefully the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance. You have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on.

5 What are the speakers mainly talking about?

6 What does the man think of Dana's profession?

7 What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?

8 What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?

听力原文 Section B

Section B
Passage One
Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their newborn infant is a bad idea because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose babies slept elsewhere in the house: They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis, it's possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author Liat Tikotzky wrote in an email that the research team also didn't measure fathers' sleep, so it’s possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for moms. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same beds as their babies, but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for baby, but may take a toll on Mom.

9 What is the long-held view about mothers sleeping with newborn babies?

10 What do Israeli researchers' findings show?
11 What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?

Passage Two
The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by the UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct. "We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use," says Fred Nahwooksy of the National museum of the American Indian, "we are making progress, but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages, not just documenting them." Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers. Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don't always believe their languages are endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers. "But progress is being made through immersion schools, because if you teach children when they are young, it will stay with them as adults and that's the future." says Mr Nahwooksy, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii, but the islanders' local language is still classed by the UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1,000 people speak it. The decline in the American Indian languages has historical roots: In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture. Within a few generations most had forgotten their native tongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes, and pushed out traditional storytelling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.
12 What do we learn from the report?
13 For what purpose does Fred Nahwooksy appeal for more funding?
14 What is the historical cause of the decline in the American Indian Languages?
15 What does the speaker say about television?

听力原文 Section C
Section C
Recording One
W: Grag Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago, and is still unemployed.
M: It literally is like something in a dream to remember what is like to actually be able to go out and put in a day's work and receive a day's pay.
W: At first, Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid-off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now that insurance has run out for him and he has to make tough choices. He's cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother. It is devastating experience. New research says the US recession is now over. But many people remain unemployed and unemployed workers face difficult odds. There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers. So four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job. Businesses have downsized or shut down across America, leaving fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, say about 28,000 people are unemployed, and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own. That's where the Bucks County CareerLink comes in. Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities. "So here's the job opening, here's the job seeker, match them together under one roof," she said. But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help. Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action. This month he launched the 99ers Union, an umbrella organization of 18 Internet-based grassroots groups of 99ers. Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits. But Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time. Time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments. Rosen says he'll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than 20 years to buy. But once that money is gone, he says he doesn't know what he'll do.
16 How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?
17 What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County CareerLink doing?
18 What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed?

Recording Two
W: Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Huddle and his team trekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.
M: Well we'd been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that's been around for a few years and just gets thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice at all.
W: Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region, but the recent measurements show the loss is more pronounced than previously thought.
M: We're looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic Ocean in 10 years, roughly 10 years, and 100 percent loss in nearly 20 years.
W: Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams, who's been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971 says the decline is irreversible.
M: The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until it's all gone.
W: Martin Sommerkorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund.
M: The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the Earth's climate system and it's deteriorating faster than expected. Actually it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions.
W: Summerkorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December.
M: We have to basically achieve there the commitment to deal with the problem now. That's the minimum. We have to do that equitably and we have to find a commitment that is quick.
W: Wadhams echoes the need for urgency.
M: The carbon that we've put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years. So we have to cut back rapidly now, because it will take a long time to work its way through into a response by the atmosphere. We can't switch off global warming just by being good in the future, we have to start being good now.
W: Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels, generating energy with renewables, or embracing nuclear power.
19 What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?
20 What does the report say about the Arctic region?
21 What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in his study?
22 How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?

Recording Three
M: From a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study that began with about 1，000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child's low self-control can predict poor health，money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like "acting before thinking" and "persistence in reaching goals. " The children of the study are now adults in their 30s. Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.
W: The children who had the lowest self-control when they were aged 3 to 10, later on had the most health problems in their 30s, and they had the worst financial situation. And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.
M: Speaking from New Zealand via skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed, and weren't just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.
W: Even the children who had above-average self-control as pre-schoolers, could have benefited from more self-control training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later.
M: So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said it's still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that it's mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good self-control can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.
W: Whereas some of the low-self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So that's not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation.
M: But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents and through school curricula that have proved to be effective. Terrie Moffitt's paper on the link between childhood self-control and adult status decades later is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
23 What is the new study about?
24 What does the study seem to show?
25 What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?