六级写作

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

听力长对话
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.
B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.
C)The man's switch to a new career.
D) The restructuring of her company.

2. A) Talented personnel.
B) Strategic innovation.
C) Competitive products.
D) Effective promotion.

3. A) Expand the market.
B) Recruit more talents.
C) Innovate constantly.
D) Watch out for his competitors.

4. A) Possible bankruptcy.
B) Unforeseen difficulties.
C) Conflicts within the company.
D) Imitation by one's competitors.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. A) The job of an interpreter.
B) The stress felt by professionals.
C) The importance of language proficiency.
D) The best way to effective communication.

6. A) Promising.
B) Admirable.
C) Rewarding.
D) Meaningful.

7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.
B) They all have professional qualifications.
C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.
D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.

8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.
B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.
C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.
D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress.

听力短文

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) It might affect mothers' health.
B) It might disturb infants' sleep.
C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.
D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.

10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.
B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.
C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.
D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.

11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.
B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.
C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.
D) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

Passage Two
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.
B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.
C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.
D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.

13. A) To set up more language schools.
B) To document endangered languages.
C) To educate native American children.
D) To revitalise America's native languages.

14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.
B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.
C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.
D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.

15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.
B) It tells traditional stories during family time.
C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.
D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.


听力录音
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Recording One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.
B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.
C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.
D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.

17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.
B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.
C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.
D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.

18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.
B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.
C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.
D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.

Recording Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.
B) They analyzed the water content.
C) They explored the ocean floor.
D) They investigated the ice.

20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.
B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.
C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.
D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.

21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.
B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.
C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.
D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.

22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.
B) There is no easy way to understand it.
C) It will advance nuclear technology.
D) There is no easy technological solution to it.

Recording Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.
B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.
C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.
D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.

24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.
B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.
C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.
D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.

25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.
B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.
C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.
D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.

Section A选词填空
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.
Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will 28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.
But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?
Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.

A. arises
B. ascends
C. bound
D. combination
E. definite
F. eventually
G. interfere
H. invade
I. manifesting
J. penalties
K. preserving
L. programmed
M. proximately
N. victims
O. widespread


Section B段落匹配
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Reform and Medical Costs
[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental (渐进的）gains.
[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded, "Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures."
[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.
[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.
[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong upaygo” rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.
[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税）on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages. The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should.
[G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.
[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.
[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.
[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.
[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.
[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.
[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate (前列腺) cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.
[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. (That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.
[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.
[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.
[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
36. With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.
37. Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers.
38. It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.
39. Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.
40. Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.
41. Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.
42. The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.
43. One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.
44. Contrary to analysts' doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.
45. Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.

Section C仔细阅读
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, fanners in developing countries are using raw sewage (下水道污水）to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report—and it may not be a bad thing.
While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.
"There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers," said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study.
The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers (下水道).
When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly 2.2 million people die each year because of diarrhea-related (与腹泻相关的) diseases, according to WHO statistics. More than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.
Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty.
Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh water consumption.
In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep fanners in business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.
Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world. But frequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is delivered to farms and spread as fertilizer.
In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.
In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided. The mud contains the same critical nutrients.
"Overly strict standards often fail," James Bartram, a WHO water-health expert, said. "We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason."

46. What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?
A. Its risks cannot be overestimated.
B. It should be forbidden altogether.
C. Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.
D. It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.
47. What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?
A. Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.
B. It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.
C. Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.
D. It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.
48. What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel's attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture?
A. Favorable.
B. Skeptical.
C. Indifferent.
D. Responsible.
49. What does Pay Drechsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste for farming?
A. They have been somewhat exaggerated.
B. They can be dealt with through education.
C. They will be minimized with new technology.
D. They can be addressed by improved sanitation.
50. What do we learn about James Bartram's position on the use of human waste for farming?
A. He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.
B. He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally's conclusion.
C. He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.
D. He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.

Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modem house: what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.
The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, five times the country's film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a "major" kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000; even a "minor" improvement cost on average $18,000.
Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost ￡145,000-155,000—excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: "You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the world."
The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modem family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, and as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.
But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American Woman's Home, published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order.
Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, Household Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a housewife's daily routine. She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.
Frederick's central idea, that stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely", inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schütter-Lihotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen.

51. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?
A. It is where housewives display their cooking skills.
B. It is where the family entertains important guests.
C. It has become something odd in a modem house.
D. It is regarded as the center of a modem home.
52. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?
A. It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.
B. No duplicate is to be found in any other place.
C. It is manufactured by a famous British company.
D. No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.
53. What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?
A. Improved living conditions.
B. Women's elevated status.
C. Technological progress.
D. Social change.
54. What was the Beecher sisters' idea of a kitchen?
A. A place where women could work more efficiently.
B. A place where high technology could be applied.
C. A place of interest to the educated people.
D. A place to experiment with new ideas.
55. What do we learn about today's kitchen?
A. It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.
B. Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.
C. It has been transformed beyond recognition.
D. Many of its functions have changed greatly.

翻译
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今，深圳的人口已超过1,000 万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。
到2014年，深圳的人均(per-capita)GDP已达25,000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。
答案解析

写作参考答案

People nowadays use social networking sites very frequently, such as Weibo and Wechat, which have made us more connected than ever. Yet for all this close contact, we are becoming more socially awkward. The harm of replacing real-life contact with virtual conversation, in my opinion, involves two aspects: it made us put on masks and hold up shields.
In a virtual world, we tend to create an image that rarely looks like us. We post messages or pictures to show we are humorous, with a good taste, and living a fabulous life. As a result, we fail to present our real self and dare not to be ourselves. Another unpleasant thing about virtual conversation is that it encourages unimaginable violence of language. The Internet has become a shield in many ways， exempting us from the consequence we should take responsibility for even though we make dreadful and malicious comments sometimes. This undoubtedly mins the quality of social interaction that we need as human beings.
All in all, if we spend too much time interacting virtually, we will dedicate little effort to real-world bonding. Consequently, our interpersonal relationship weakens gradually, and we will end up with unprecedented alienation.

【解析】
本题讨论的是“虚拟社交越来越频繁．真实社交却越来越贫乏”这一社会现象，考生需要阐述这一问题将导致的结果。根据题目要求，可以采取以下布局：
第一段：提出虽然人们的生活充斥着社交网站，但却变得越来越不善于社交。这都是因为过度依赖虚拟网络，而忽略了面对面交流的重要性。
第二段：从两方面阐述虚拟社交如何影响人的社交质量--在虚拟社交中人们喜欢伪装自己，同时建立起一块无形的盾牌躲避彼此。
第三段：总结全文，虚拟社交影像我们真实情感的建立，导致人际关系破裂，人性异化。

听力　Section A 参考答案
1 What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?
[A] 【解析】对话开头，女士就说迈克在 CucinTech 负责了一个创新项目，并接着说到项目似乎非常成功。由此，可选定 A 项“男士在 CucinTech 负责的项目”。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 project, technology, career 以及 company，可推测问题可能与工作相关。②对话主要探讨的是战略上的创新，而 B 项“CucinTech 的技术革新”只是利用对话里的关键词 innovation 进行干扰；C 项“男士转换到新的职业上”在对话中并未提及；对话谈论的是男士在 CucinTech 的工作情况，与女士公司无关，故排除 D 项“她公司的重组”。
2 What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?
[B] 【解析】女士问到是否 CucinTech 命运的逆转完全归功于战略创新，男士作了肯定回答，并表达了他对 CucinTech 的看法，认为这个公司以前只是一味地随大流，重复别人的做法。由此可见， CucinTech 以前缺乏战略创新，所以选 B 项。
【干扰项排除】①从选项的内容来看，题目涉及公司的情况。②A 项“人才”是该公司的优势而不是它欠缺的；男士认为该公司在产品研发上有很大潜力，但并未提及产品是否具有竞争力，故 C 项“具有竞争力的产品”排除；D 项“有效的促销”在对话中并没有提及。
3 What does the man say he should do in his business?
[C] 【解析】对话围绕战略创新展开，男士表达了自己对创新的看法，即“我们需要不断地创新，以跟上时代的步伐，停滞不前就等于落后”，接着他指出，“作为公司战略，创新没有止境”，所以在商业领域他应该做的就是 C 项“不断创新”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为、动作有关。②A 项“扩大市场”在对话中未提及；B 项“招聘更多人才”和 D 项“留心竞争对手”则利用对话中出现的 talent 和 competitor 来作干扰。
4 What does the man say is the risk of innovation?
[D] 【解析】对于创新，男士提出他的担忧，即经常导致被模仿，所以 D 项“被竞争对手模仿”正确。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项中的 bankruptcy, conflicts, difficulties, competitors 等关键词可推测题目与某个困境相关。②A 项“可能破产”、B 项“难以预见的困难”和 C 项“公司内部的冲突”在对话中均未提及。

5 What are the speakers mainly talking about?
[A]【解析】对话开头就开门见山地介绍了一位口译嘉宾，接下来两人围绕着嘉宾的工作展开了一系列讨论。因此，选 A 项“一位口译者的工作”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为名词短语，可推测问题可能与对话的主题相关。②对话中提到过口译者的压力，但这只是对话中的一部分，而且对话并未提及其他专业人士的压力问题，故 B 项“专业人士感受到的压力”排除；对话中虽然提到了口译中语言熟练的问题，但这不是对话的核心，C 项“语言熟练程度的重要性”太过片面；D 项“有效沟通的最好方式”在对话中未提及。
6 What does the man think of Dana's profession?
[B]【解析】男士明确表明了他对 Dana 的工作充满了钦佩，故选 B 项“令人钦佩的”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为表主观感受的形容词，推测题目问态度或看法。②A 项“有希望的”、C 项“值得的”和 D 项“有意义的”均不是男士对女士工作的看法。
7 What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?
[B]【解析】对话中，Dana 用一个双重否定句强调，她所认识的口译工作者都取得了专业资质，并经过专业训练。所以，B 项“他们都具有专业资质”正确。
【干扰项排除】①选项的主语都是 They，且均关于具备的某种素质或能力，听音时留意相关信息。②A 项“他们都对语言很感兴趣”不选，口译者们是否对语言有强烈的兴趣并未在对话中提及；女士并没有提到他们是否都通过了语言能力测试，故 C 项错误；而 D 项“他们都学习过跨文化差异”在对话中未提及。
8 What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?
[C]【解析】对话中，女士说大多数口译者都认为，与同声传译相比，交替传译更有压力，故选 C 项“它比同声传译更有压力”。
【干扰项排除】①选项主语均为 It,且每个句子都有表示比较的词汇，听音时注意有关对比的信息。②A 项“它要求更多的词汇量”和 B 项“它'更看重准确性”在对话中没有提及；根据对话，交替传译更考验人的短时记忆，D 项“它考验人在更大压力下的长时记忆”与此相悖，故应排除。

Section B 参考答案
9 What is the long-held view about mothers sleeping with newborn babies?
[C]【解析】录音首句就指出，多年来妈妈们一直被警告，与新生儿睡在一起不好，因为这会增加婴儿夜间意外死亡的风险，由此可选定 C 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项主语均为 It，且根据选项关键词 mother, infants 等可推测题目询问某事对妈妈、婴儿的影响。②A 项“它可能影响妈妈的健康”是以色列研究者得出的最新发现，而不是长期以来的一种观点；B 项“它可能妨碍婴儿睡眠”和 D 项“它可能使妈妈精神上更加苦闷”在短文中未提及。
10 What do Israeli researchers' findings show?
[D]【解析】以色列研究者发现，即使与婴儿睡在同一个房间，也会对妈妈产生负面影响，D 项中的 impact 是文中 consequence 的同义替换，为正确答案。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 mothers、babies、 sleep 等可推测题目询问的是关于睡眠与妈妈或婴儿的关系。②录音中只是提到很多被调查的妈妈都是母乳喂养，并没有提及母乳喂养对妈妈睡眠的影响，A 项“母乳喂养的妈妈入睡更困难”没有依据；录音指出，与婴儿一起睡影响妈妈睡眠，B 项“与婴儿一起睡的妈妈每晚需要更多睡眠”属于过度推断；录音中只是提及爸爸的睡眠模式可能影响妈妈，但是 C 项“妈妈的睡眠模式极大地影响新生儿的健康”在短文中并未提及。
11 What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?
[B]【解析】为了减少婴儿猝死的风险，美国儿科学会建议妈妈们不要跟婴儿同床睡，但可以睡在一个房间，所以选 B 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为、动作有关。②A 项“改变睡眠模式以适应她们的新生宝宝”并不是儿科学会建议的内容；C 项“与宝宝睡在同一个家，但不同的房间”不符合美国儿科学会的建议；D 项“采取预防措施以减少婴儿猝死的风险”属过度推断，录音中没有涉及预防措施。

12 What do we learn from the report?
[A]【解析】短文讲的是很多美国本土语言濒临灭绝的困境，第一句话就指出，美国已经丢失了超过 1/3 的本土语言，由此可选定 A 项“美国很多本土语言已经灭绝”。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关鍵词 native languages， US, died out, preserve 等可推测题目与美国本土语言的困境有关。②美国现有 192 种语言濒临灭绝，但录音并未提及这个数字为世界之最，B 项“美国濒危语言的数量最多”属过度推断；美国印第安人国家博物馆的 Fred Nahwooksy 说，让这些濒危语言回归到日常使用正在进展当中，可排除 C 项“保护印第安语的努力被证明是徒劳的”；Fred Nahwooksy 也说到“我们需要需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，所以 D 项“需要更多的钱来记录美国的本土语言”可排除。
13 For what purpose does Fred Nahwooksy appeal for more funding?
[D]【解析】录音中引用美国原住民博物馆的 Fred 的话说“我们需要更多的资金并付出更大的努力以让这些语言重新回到日常使用中来……需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，可选定 D 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式，推测问题与行为动作或目的相关。②A 项“建立更多的语言学校”属过度推断，文中指出通过学校教育可以拯救这些濒危语言，但没有提及创建更多新学校；B 项“记录濒危语言”是现有的做法，不是 Nahwooksy 呼吁的目的；C 项“教育美国土著孩子”是拯救濒危语言取得成效的途径之一，不是目的，也与更多资金没有直接的关联。
14 What is the historical cause of the decline in the American Indian Languages?
[A]【解析】美国印第安语言的衰落有其历史根源：在 19 世纪中叶，美国政府采取了美国化印第安儿童的政策，即将印第安人的孩子赶出他们的家园，将他们与其文化隔绝。由此，可选定 A 项。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 American, US government, Indian 等可推测问题与美国印第安人的情况有关。②B 项“美国印第安语没有取得官方地位”、C 项“美国政府不愿花钱教育印第安人”和 D“印第安人长期与外界隔绝”均利用个别原词拼凑而成，录音中都未提及。
15 What does the speaker say about television?
[C]【解析】就电视对于本土语言的危害，短文末尾指出，电视将英语带入家庭，挤掉传统的家庭讲故事时间，从而加速了本土语言的灭绝。C 项中的 speed up 与该句中的 accelerating 同义，为答案。
【干扰项排除】①选项均以 It 开头，且根据关键词 native languages 可预测问题关于某物与本土语言的关系。②A 项“它被利用来教授本土语言”和 D 项“它被广泛用于浸润式语言学校”在短文中均没有提及；而 B 项“它在家庭聚会时间讲传统故事”与短文说法相悖，在家庭聚会时间讲传统故事是被电视挤掉的事情。

Section C 参考答案
16 How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?
[A]【解析】录音以 Rosen 为例讲述了美国失业者的困境，其前段提到，Rosen 借助失业保险购买日用品、支付房款，在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半。因此 A 项“在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半”正确。
【干扰项排除】①选项均以 It 开头，且根据关键词 pay, they, work, living expenses 等可推测题目与一群人的工作生活有关。②B 项“它给他们支付 99 周的抵押贷款和医药费”没有在录音中提到；录音提到，失业保险后来中断了对 Rosen 的救助，表明救助是有时限的，故 C 项“它一直支付他们的生活费直到他们找到另一份工作”不准确；D 项“它提供给他们基本的生活必需品”在录音中找不到根据。
17 What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County CareerLink doing?
[B]【解析】录音中段 Elizabeth Walsh 表示，他们提供培训和指导以帮助失业者在当地谋差事，由此 B “为失业工人提供培训和指导”正确。
【干扰项排除】①由题目选项可知，本题可能与为失业工人提供的帮助有关。②A 项“为庞大的失业人群创造就业岗位”和 D 项“筹措资金帮助那些没有失业保险的人们”均与 Elizabeth Walsh 透露的信息无关。C 项“说服当地立法者延长失业救济”是 99ers 联盟的目标，也不正确。
18 What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed?
[C]【解析】录音后段女士提到，Scott Petri 认为，要救助那些长期失业者，最好的办法是允许普通公民在当地建厂办公司，以创造更多就业岗位。因此 C 项“通过鼓励私人投资在当地建立企业来创造更多工作岗位”正确。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式短语，推测问题与行为动作或目的相关。②A 项“提供给他们自主创业所需要的贷款”、B 项“允许他们延迟偿还每月的抵押贷款”以及 D 项“鼓励大公司重新雇用那些靠政府救济生活的人”三项表述均缺乏录音依据。

19 What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?
[D]【解析】录音开头就指出，Pen Huddle 及其团队在北冰洋上艰苦跋涉了 3 个月，对冰进行测量和记录。由此可选定 D 项“他们对冰进行调查”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均以 They 开头，且描述的都是行为状态，推测题目询问的是某人群的相关行为。②A 项“他们测量了海水的深度”、B 项“他们分析了水含量”和 C 项“他们勘探了海底”均与 Pen Huddle 和他的团队无关。
20 What does the report say about the Arctic region?
[D]【解析】录音前段女士指出，据最新的测量显示，极地冰的减少比人们先前想象的更为明显。D 项中的 decrease 和 evident 分别对应录音中的 loss 和 pronounced，故正确。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 ice 可推测本题与冰有关。②录音前段提到，覆盖在北冰洋的冰在 10 年后大约会减少 80%，而不是说 A 项“80%的冰在夏季消失”；B 项“大部分的冰是在过去的几百年累积成的”和 C 项“冰确保了许多濒危物种的存活”在录音中并没有提及。
21 What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in his study?
[C] 【解析】录音中段明确指出，剑桥科学家 Peter Wadhams 认为北极冰的减少不可逆转，故 C 项“北极冰的减少不可逆”正确。
【干扰项排除】录音主要探讨了北极冰不断融化这一问题的严峻形势及产生原因，并呼吁人们采取措施予以阻止，至于北极冰的作用及融化的危害并没有提及，故 A 项“北极冰是世界淡水的主要来源”、B 项“融化的北极冰已经淹没了很多沿海城市”和 D 项“北极冰对人类生存至关重要”均无根据。
22 How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?
[D] 【解析】录音最后 Wadhams 明确表示，没有简单的技术手段能解决气候变化问题。D 项中的 solution 对应录音中的 fix，故正确。
【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是关于 It 的情况，应注意听题目中 It 指代何物。②录音中指出全球气候变化，特别是全球变暖，是导致北极冰不断融化的主要原因之一，但并没有谈论它的其他危害，所以 A 项“它将给人类造成巨大伤害”属过度推断；B 项“理解它不容易”在录音中并未提及；根据 Wadhams 所言，核技术将是解决气候问题的方法之一，但气候变化是否必然推动核技术进步不得而知，故排除 C 项“它将推动核技术进步”。

23 What is the new study about?
[B]【解析】录音介绍了一项针对大约 1000 名新西兰孩子展开的新研究，探究了一个孩子自制力差是如何预示其成年后健康状况差、经济困难甚至犯罪的。故选 B 项“孩子自制力与其未来成功的关系”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为名词短语，推测问题可能与主题相关。②虽然这项新研究的调查对象是新西兰的孩子，但录音中没有证据证明新西兰的孩子自制力更好，故 A 项“为何新西兰的孩子似乎有更好的自制力”属过度推断；C 项“单亲家庭出来的孩子的健康问题”和 D 项“孩子学业成绩的决定性因素”都不是该研究的内容。
24 What does the study seem to show?
[D]【解析】录音后段指出，该研究表明父母一代自制力差可能会给下一代带来不利影响，因此 D 项“父母缺乏自制力对他们的孩子不利”正确。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 children, parents 等可推测题目与父母、子女关系有关。②女士提到，在 3 到 10 岁有最差的自控力的孩子，在 30 多岁的时候会有最多的健康问题，他们更可能有犯罪记录，并没有提到 A 项“单亲家庭出来的孩子在 30 多岁会经历一个困难期”和 B 项“有犯罪前科的人大部分来自单亲家庭”； C 项“父母必须学着在孩子面前有自制力”在录音中并未提及。
25 What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?
[A]【解析】录音最后指出，Moffitt 带来的好消息是父母或学校教育都可以帮助孩子养成好的自制力， 故选 A 项“可通过教育提高自制力”。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词 Self-control, improve, detected, diminish 等可推测题目与自制力的提高或解决有关。②该研究认为自制力差可能导致人们成年后经济状况困难，但没有表明自制力可以改善其经济状况，所以 B 项“自制力可以改善人们的经济状况”属于过度推断；C 项“自制力问题在孩子小的时候就可被察觉”和 D 项“自制力问题随着一个人的成长而消失”在录音中均未提及，属无中生有。

阅读参考答案
26 [A]空格位于句末，前面是副词 naturally 和主语 the question,因此应填入不及物动词，充当句子谓语。由 As 从句中 take on 所用的一般现在时，可知填入的动词应是第三人称单数。上文提到人们惧怕机器人缺乏道德界限(without a moral compass),空格后是具体的问题，因此本句应表示问题自然“出现，引起”，故 arises 符合要求。另一个第三人称单数动词是 ascends“上升；攀登”，与 question 搭配不当。
27[D]由空格前的 the 和空格后的 of 可知此处应填入名词。介词 of 后是两个并列的名词结构：computational power“计算能力”和 engineering advances“工程学发展”。由此可知名词中 combination“结合体”符合语义逻辑。
28 [F]空格位于助动词 will 和谓语动词 enable 之间，故应填入副词。本句表示某物能够降低残疾人的家庭护理费用。副词中符合语义逻辑的是 eventually“终于，最终”。
29[O]空格在名词 use 之前，故应填入形空词或分词。本句的结构是... use of driverless cars and countless... uses for robots,因此填入的词与 countless“无数的”语义相关，应指运用得“多”或“广”，故填入 widespread “广泛的，普遍的”,指机器人最终将普遍运用在无人驾驶汽车、家用和服务业等方面。
30[C]空格处应填入分词或形容词，构成 be... to 的搭配。上文提到机器人最终会普遍运用，本句用 but 转折，提到 problems“问题”，接着下文列举了具体的问题，因此空格处填入 bound“肯定的，一定的”，指“问题肯定会有”。
31 [H]空格前的 will 表明此处应填入及物动词原形，与后面的名词 privacy“隐私”构成搭配。invade“入侵，侵犯”符合要求，指无人机可能会“侵犯”别人的隐私。
32 [N]空格在 the 和 of 之间，故应填入名词。本句指陪审团对机器的……表示同情，会让企业家受到惩罚。上文说机器人会发生碰撞，无人机侵犯隐私，机器人割草机轧压邻居家的猫。这些都是机器的“受害者”，故 victims “受害人，牺牲品”符合语义逻辑。
33 [J]空格前的 company-crushing 是复合形容词，表示“令公司压力大的，可摧毁公司的”，故应填入与 damages “赔偿金”并列的名词，形式上也是复数，作 punish 的间接宾语。故 penalties“罚金”符合要求。
34 [K]空格前的 while 是连词，故应填入动名词形式。由宾语 space“空间”,可知搭配恰当的是 preserving“保护，保留”，句子意为：政府在给创新“保留”空间时，应该做些什么来保护人们呢？
35[L]空格与过去分词 built 和 sold 并列，故也应是表被动的过去分词形式。本句指大型复杂系统(systems)应该由厂商创建……并销售。符合语义逻辑、并与 systems 搭配的是 programmed“规划”。

36 [F]【译文】昂贵的医保计划会被征税，因此大多数雇主可能会将用在医保上的支出转移到工资上来。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 tax,health insurance plans, money 和 wages 定位到 F 段。该段倒数第 3 句指出，经济学家预计，大多数雇主会将用在医保上的支出转移到工资上来。题目中的 transfer money 是原文 shift money 的同义转述，expensive health insurance plans 与原文 expensive health benefits 对应，同时题目复现了原文的 wages 一词，故答案为 F 段。
37[J]【译文】国会将通过或者否决全部的改革措施，这样说客就很难对立法者产生影响。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Changes，be approved or rejected as a whole 和 lawmakers 査找到 J 段最后一句。该句指出，国会只能通过或者否决全部的改革措施，这样一来，狭隘的利益游说集团将很难迫使立法者顺从他们的意愿。本题复现了原词 changes 及 be approved or rejected as a whole，题目中的 influence lawmakers 是对原文 bend lawmakers to their will 的同义转述，故答案为 J 段。
38 [A]【译文】美国医疗成本的上涨难以控制。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 not easy 和 the rising medical costs 可査找到 A 段第 3 句。该句指出，根本就不存在一个方案能够轻易地控制医疗成本的增加。题目中的 not easy 是对原文 no one has an easy fix 的同义转述，故答案为 A 段。
39 [G]【译文】标准的自动化处理流程可以帮助节省一大笔医疗开支。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 standardization of forms for automatic processing 定位至 G 段。该段第 2、3 句提到，其行业集团曾主动为自动化处理流程提供标准化的表格。该举措能在未来十年里节省上千亿美元。题目是对原文这两句的同义概括，故 G 段为答案。
40 [L]【译文】共和党和保险行业强烈反对设立公共医保计划。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 republicans and the insurance industry，strongly opposed 和 public insurance plan 定位到 L 段第 1 句。该句指出，由于保险行业和共和党批评者的强烈反对，这个计划可能无法节省太多的钱。题目复现了原词 insurance industry 和 public plan，而 strongly opposed 是对原文 fierce opposition 的同义转述，故 L 段为答案。
41 [H]【译文】把纸质病历转换为电子医疗记录可以帮助筛除不必要的检查，防止药物相互作用。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 electronic records，redundant tests 和 drug interactions 定位到 H 段。该段最后一句指出，电子医疗记录将能筛除不必要的检查、防止药物相互作用、帮助医生确定最佳治疗方案，以实现节省成本。题目中的 conversion 对应了原文的 convert，故答案为 H 段。
42 [C]【译文】医疗服务的成本过高以及不必要的试验和诊疗推动医疗费用的上涨。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 high cost，unnecessary tests and treatments 和 driven up 定位到 C 段。本段指出，医疗费增长快的主要原因是医疗服务收费过高以及医院和医生会给病人安排多余的诊疗项目。题目中的 high cost 对应原文的 high prices, unnecessary tests and treatments 是对原文 unnecessary care delivered... perform a lot more tests and treatments 的概括，而 driven up 对应文中的 rises,所以答案为 C 段。
43[I]【译文】导致医疗成本增加的一个主要因素是医生是按提供诊疗的次数而非诊疗的效果收费。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 main factor, the amount of care 和 effect 定位至 I 段第 1 句。该句指出，医生的收入取决于提供服务的次数而非服务的质量或者效果，这是医疗成本如此之高的主要原因。题目中 main factor 与文中的 primary reason 同义，the amount 对应原文的 the quantity，而 effect 对应文中的 effectiveness，故答案为 I 段。
44[P]【译文】与一些分析人士的怀疑态度不同，作者认为能通过谈判降低药品价格。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 analysts' doubts 和 negotiation 定位至 P 段。该段第 2、3 句指出，一些权威的分析人士质疑部长能达成比私人保险公司更好的协议，但是作者表示相信谈判能取得成效。题目中的 analysts' doubts 是对原文 analysts doubt that the secretary... already get 的概括，故正确答案为 P 段。
45 [k]【译文】公平竞争会促使保险公司降低产品定价。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 a strong incentive 和 insurers 定位到 K 段。该段最后一句指出，这种正面交锋会促使医保公司降低自家保险产品的定价。题目中的 charge less 是对原文 lower their prices 的同义转述，故 K 段为正确答案。

46 [C]【定位】根据题目关键词 the use of raw sewage for farming 可知是问有关污水在农业上使用的信息，考查的是考生对整体篇章的理解能力，定位到全文。
【解析】C 项“其利大于弊”是对第 2 段“那些健康危险远不及社会效益和经济贡献重要”的同义转换，符合文意。
【干扰项排除】A 项“其风险不能被高估”和 B 项“应完全禁止”在原文中无法找到依据；D 项“正使许多农田受到污染”，以原词 cropland 作干扰，但原文说的是用未经处理的污水对大约 4900 万英亩农田进行灌溉和施肥，文中只是说这种做法有健康风险，不能直接得出结论“这些农田被这些污水污染了”，因此 D 项属过度推测。
47 [C]【定位】根据题目关键词 the use of wastewater for irrigation 可定位至第 5 段。
【解析】本题询问污水灌溉导致的主要问题,C 项“农民和消费者都可能受到有害细菌的影响”是对第 5 段首句的概括，符合文意。
【干扰项排除】A 项“附近的河流和湖泊都将逐渐受到污染”属过度推断，原文第 4 段第 2 句仅仅提到农田的灌溉水主要源于当地的河流或湖泊；原文虽有提及人们用人类排泄物代替化学肥料，但无法证明 B 项“利用污水灌溉会使化肥产商倒闭”;D 项“利用污水灌溉会减少农产品在市场上的竞争力”属于无中生有。
48[A]【定位】根据题干中的人名 Pay Drechsel 定位至第 5 段末句。
【解析】本题考查的是 Pay Drechsel 对将未经处理的人类排泄物用于农业的态度，原文第 5 段末句提到他认为使用未经处理的人类排泄物灌溉农田所带来的社会和经济效益比其带来的健康危害重要。说明他支持这一做法，A 项“赞同的”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】询问观点态度的题目宜采用直选法，考生需准确感知人物观点。B 项“怀疑的”、C 项“冷漠的”以及 D 项“负责的”在文中皆无依据证明。
49 [B]【定位】根据题干中的人名 Pay Drechsel 及 the risks 定位至第 6 段。
【解析】本题考查的是 Pay Drechsel 对未经处理的人类排泄物用于农业带来的风险的看法，第六段开头提到这个问题可以通过教育农民和消费者来解决,B 项的 dealt with 是原句 addressed 的同义转述，B 项“可通过教育规避其风险”是正确答案。
【干扰项排除】A 项“其风险有些被夸大”、C 项“利用新科技可使其风险最小化”和 D 项“其风险可通过改进卫生条件来规避”都不是 Pay Drechsel 对风险的看法。
50 [A]【定位】根据题干中的人名 James Bartram 定位至最后一段的最后一句。
【解析】本题考查的是 James Bartram 对人类排泄物用于农业的观点，原文最后他说稍加处理或没有经过处理的排泄物用于农业是有充分理由的，可见他认为将人类排泄物用于农业有其存在的合理性。而从原文第 5 段可知，Pay Drechsel 认为尽管这种做法有危害，但是它带来的社会和经济效益比其危害更重要。因此 A 项“在这个问题上他和 Pay Drechsel 的观点一致”为正确答案。
【干扰项排除】原文第 3 段提到 Liqa Raschid-Sally 认为污水灌溉利弊共存，James Bartram 也只是承认了有其存在的合理性而已，因此 B 项“他挑战 Iiqa Raschid-Sally 的结论”错误。C 项“他认为这是摆脱当前粮食危机的唯一方法”和 D 项“他认为这是战胜全球贫困所必需都不是 James Bartram 的观点，故排除。

51 [D]【定位】根据题目关键词 the kitchen of today 定位至第 1 段末句。
【解析】第 1 段末句提到厨房已成为现代家居的核心，D 项的 the center of a modem home 是原句 the heart of the modern house 的同义转述，表明 D 项“现在厨房被认为是现代家居的核心”为答案。
【干扰项排除】原文第 1 句提到现代人们无须下厨，因此 A 项“厨房是主妇展示厨艺的场所”与原文意思刚好相反；B 项“厨房是款待重要宾客的场所”在原文中没有提及；原文提到厨房已成为现代家居的核心的现象很奇怪，而不是说厨房本身奇怪，故排除 C 项。
52 [B]【定位】根据题目关键词 the Georgian-style kitchen 定位至第 3 段。
【解析】本题考查的是乔治王时代风格的厨房定价高的原因，第 3 段末句提到其主要卖点在于绝无仅有，你不会在世界其他地方见到这种厨房。B 项“不可能在世界其他地方找到复制品”为答案。
【干扰项排除】A 项“据说有极高的艺术价值”在原文中并未提及;C 项“由一家著名的英国公司制造”在文中虽有提及，但不是定价高的原因；D 项“其他的制造商都无法制造类似的厨房”属于易混淆项，但是原文说的是它的卖点在其他人买不到相同的，至于说制造商能否仿制，我们无法得知。
53 [D]【定位】根据题干中 the change in the status of the kitchen 定位至第 4 段第 1 句。
【解析】本题考查的是厨房地位的变化反映了什么，原文第 4 段第 1 句讲到厨房曾经只属于仆人，而今演变为现代家庭的设计展示间，这讲述了一个世纪的社会变革,D 项正确。
【干扰项排除】A 项“生活水平提高了”、B 项“女性地位的提高”和 C 项“技术进步”在原文都没有直接提及，属于主观臆测，故均排除。
54 [A]【定位】根据题干中的人名 Beecher sisters 定位至第 5 段末句。
【解析】本题考查比彻姊妹对厨房的看法，第 5 段末句讲到比彻姐妹推介了一种家庭管理的科学方法，旨在提高妇女的工作效率,A 项是对原文意思的高度概括，故为答案。
【干扰项排除】B 项“认为厨房是可以应用高科技的场所”无中生有；C 项“认为厨房是知识分子感兴趣的场所”，这一信息虽在第 5 段首句有提到，但并不是比彻姊妹的看法，而是作者的观点；第 5 段第 2 句提到该姊妹中的一人以激进的新方式对厨房进行思考，她思考的是怎样提高家务效率，而不是试验新想法，因此 D 项“认为厨房是实验新想法的场所”错误。
55 [B]【定位】根据题干可知本题考查的是对文章的整体感知理解能力，定位到全文。
【解析】原文提到 20 世纪 20 年代由玛格丽特设计的第一个配备齐全的厨房中，许多元素依然是今日厨房的中心特色，说明现代厨房的许多核心特色和 20 世纪 20 年代都具有相似性，因此 B 项“现代厨房的许多核心特色和 20 世纪 20 年代相比并无差别”正确。
【干扰项排除】A 项“现代厨房象征人们日常生活中快速的技术进步”和 C 项“现代厨房变得面目全非”在原文中均无提及。D 项“现代厨房的许多功能有很大改变”与原文最后一段末句意思刚好相反。


翻译参考答案
表达难点
1. 第 2 句有两个谓语动词，“是……”及“有……”，因为它们共用一个主语，翻译时可以将后者处理为一个 with 结构，作伴随状语。with a population of...在英语中经常用来表示某个地方有多少人口。
2. 第 3 句的主干是“中国政府建立深圳经济特区”，而“作为……的试验田”是一个补充说明的成分，翻译时既可以将它处理为一个定语从句（which served as a pilot area for...)，又可以使用不定式结构表目的（to pilot the socialist market economy)，pilot 意为“试行”，能够简洁地表达原文的意思。在英语中，动词往往比名词更有表达能力。
3.第 1 段最后一句可翻译成 The whole city has undergone dramatic changes 或者 The whole city has changed dramatically。核心词是“变化”，前者使用的是名词形式，后者使用的是动词形式。不难发现，后者的表达更加干净利落。
4.第 2 段第 1 句的难点是“相当于……水平”，它说明深圳人均 GDP 的情况，在翻译的时候可以将它处理为一个定语从句，对主语进行补充说明。“相当于”用了 rival,意为“比得上，可媲美”。
参考译文
Shenzhen is a newly-developed city in Guangdong Province, China. Before the reform and opening up, it was no more than a fishing village with a population of just over 30,000. In the 1980s, the Chinese government established Shenzhen special economic zone to pilot the socialist market economy. Today, Shenzhen boasts a population of more than 10 million, and the whole city has changed dramatically.
By 2014, the per-capita GDP of Shenzhen has reached 25,000 USD, which would rival that of some developed countries. In terms of comprehensive economic strength, Shenzhen is listed as a top-tier city in China. Thanks to its unique position, it is an ideal place for entrepreneurs from home and abroad to start businesses.