阅读试题

Psychologists say the one factor that differentiates people who are creative from those who aren't is belief-creative people believe they are creative. To be creative. you simply have to believe and act as if youare. Once you believe you are creative, you begin to find ideas and to imagine all kinds of probable and improbable solutions.

Here are a few techniques to help you get started looking for ideas you may already have in your mind.

Play a ddferent role. Suppose you want to improve your company's training program. Play the role of another person. Write, from the perspective of that roie, what changes that person would make. Record any interesting thoughts or new ideas.

Randomly pick something and compare it with your problem. Open a dictionary and randomly, without looking.pick a word. Force yourself to make a comparison between the problem and the word. Suppose you are having a problem with a manager and you randomly pick the word"pencil". You might list the characteristics of thepencil and determine how those characteristics are like your problem.

Imagine you have a magic wand (魔杖). Consider what changes or actions you will use the wand to create, especially those that wouldn't normally be possible. After letting your imagination run, ask yourself what specific features ofthose wishes particularly appeal to you. Think of some feasible changes of actions thatembody some of those specific features.

Think outrageously. The more incredible and divergent from conventional thinking an idea is, the greater the possibilities for news. A frozen-fish processor used this technique. A line of hls frozen fish tasted bland and boring. He tried everything to improve the taste, including keeping the fish alive in holding fanks until he put a predator（食肉动物) in the holding tank with fish. The fish kept moving to escape the predator and they retained their vitality and flavor.

Challenge assumptions. Reserve the assumptions you make about problems.List the assumptions and write the opposite. Henry Ford challenged the practice of having workers go to where building materials were kept inorder to build cars, by creating a system that brought the materials to workers instead. With this reversal, the assembly line was born.

Be an artist. Write a poem about your job. Poetry helps give a voice to your wildest imagination, which may lead to new ideas.

Try the above methods and test if your creativity might be somewhat improved.

参考译文

[l]心理学家说区分有创造力的人和没有创造力的人的一个因索就是信念——有创造力的人相信他们自己是有创造力的。为了有创造力，你必须要相信并在行动中显示出你仿佛是有创造力的。一旦你相信你有创造力，你便开始寻找点子，想象各种可能的和不可能的解决问题的方法。

这里有几个技巧可以帮助你触发脑海里已经有了的点子。

扮演一个不同的角色。想象你要改进你公司的培训方案。扮演另外一个人的角色。从这个角色的观点出发，写下他希望作出的改变。把那些有趣的念头和新的主意都记录下来。

随便拾起什么东西，把它同你的问题进行比较。[2]打开字典，看也不看地随手挑出一个词。强迫自己拿这个问题和这个词进行比较。假设你同经理之间出现了一个问题。你随手挑出的词是“铅笔”，你可以把铅笔的特征列举出来，然后判断这些特征同你的问题如何类似。

想象你拥有一根魔杖。考虑使用这个魔杖你可以创造怎样的变化，做出怎样的举动，尤其是那些从常理上讲不可能的事情。[3]在放飞你的想象力之后，问问自己那些格外吸引你的愿望有什么具体特征，并想出一些具有此类具体特征的可行的行动的改变。

驰骋想象。你的主意越不可信，同传统思维越背道而驰，你就越有可能提出新的解决方法。[4]一个冻鱼处理者就利用了这种技巧。他的冻鱼原先尝起来寡然无味。他想出了各种法子来改进鱼的味道，包括把活鱼养在储存箱里。但是直到他在储存箱里投入了一条肉食鱼．才终于解决了问题。[4]为了躲开肉食钱，其他的鱼不停地游动，这样就保持了活力扣新鲜的味道。

对假说提出质疑。记录下你对问题的假设，列出这些假设并写出相反的情况。以前，在制造汽车的过程中，工人必须走到放置装配材料的地方。对此，[5]亨利·福特提出质疑。他创造的体系可以把装配材料送到工人面前，这样一颠倒，装配线诞生了。

做一个艺术家。写一首关于你的工作的诗。诗歌可以让你最大限度地发挥想象。而这些想象可能会带来新的主意。

尝试以上的方法，看一看你的创造力是否得到了加强。

测试题

1.According to psychologists, what can help to distinguish creative people from others?

2.To look for ideas, you are suggested to draw a comparison between the problem and_____________.

3.Feasible changes of actions that embody some specific features you desire can be found by__________.

4.It was found by the frozen-fish processor that the flavor of fish was retained when the fish regained their__________________.

5.By bringing the building materials to workers, Henry Ford created______________.

答案详解

1.[Belief.]

[定位]根据psychologists查找到全文首句。
解析：题干中的distinguish对应原文中的differentiates，首句提到心理学家说区分有创造力的人和没有创造力的人的一个因索就是信念，因此本题答案为Belief。

2.[the word randomly picked in a dictionary]
[定位]根据comparison between the problem查找到第4段前三句。
解析：第4段提出寻找点子的第2个技巧是在字典里随手挑出一个词，强迫自己拿这个问题和这个词进行比较。因此本题答案为the word randomly picked in a dictionary。

3.[letting your imagination run/stretching your imagination]
[定位]根据Feasible changes of actions和specific features查找到第5段最后两句。
解析：第5段末句讲到，想出一些具有此类具体特征的可行的行动的改变。而由上句的“在放飞你的想象力之后”可知中这些行动的改变正是通过“放飞想象”而想出来的，因此本题答案为letting your imagination run/stretching your imagination。

4.[vitality]
[定位]根据frozen-fish processor查找到第6段。
解析：第6段末句提到，为了躲开肉食鱼，其他的鱼不停地游动，这样就保持了活力和新鲜的味道。也就是说，当鱼恢复活力的时候，新鲜的味道就被保留了，所以答案为vitality。

5.[the assembly line]
[定位]根据Henry Ford查找到第7段倒数第2句。
解析：原文该句提到，Henry Ford创造的体系可以把装配材料送到工人面前，接着下一句提到，装配线就这样诞生了，因此本题答案为末句中的the assembly line。