阅读试题

Passage 23
A new study finds that even mild stress can affect your ability to control your emotions. A team of neuroscientists at New York University say that their findings suggest that certain _1_ that teach people how to better control their emotions—such as those used to treat social anxiety and phobias— may not work as well during stressful situations.
“We have long suspected that stress can _2_ our ability to control our emotions, but this is the first study to document how even mild stress can undercut therapies designed to keep our emotions in _3_ said senior author and psychology professor Elizabeth Phelps. “In other words, what you learn in the clinic may not be as _4_ in the real world when you’re stressed.”
To help patients learn to _5_ their emotional impairment, therapists sometimes use cognitive restructuring techniques encouraging patients to alter their thoughts or approach to a situation to change their emotional response. These might include focusing on the positive or non-threatening aspects of an event or _6_ that might normally produce fear.
To test how these techniques hold up in real-life situations, the team _7_ a group of 78 volunteers, who viewed pictures of snakes and spiders. Some of the pictures were paired with an electric shock, and participants _8_ developed a fear of these pictures. The subjects “reported more _9_ feelings of fear when viewing the pictures, compared with when they viewed images not paired with a shock.
Next the participants were taught cognitive strategies, similar to those _10_ bytherapists and known as cognitive-behavioral therapy, to learn to diminish the fears brought on by the experiment.
A) check B) regulate C) eventually D) consequences
E) impair F) stimulus G) bleak H) enlisted
I) relevant J) prescribed K) therapies L) confined
M) incidentally N) intense O) breach解题思路

Passage 23
解题思路
1.[K]填入空格的词在定语从句(that teach people...)充当主语，可知此处应填入名词复数形式。根据后面的内容“教人们如何控制情绪”、“治疗社交焦虑和恐惧”，可以推断空格所需的名词应该与“疗法”有关，故从名词库中选用therapies。
2.[E]情态动词can提示此处需填入动词原形。文章首句提到，有新研究发现甚至连轻微的压力都可以影响(affect)人们控制情绪的能力。此处表达类似的意义,填入空格的词应与affect近义，impair符合语义。
3.[A]介词in提示空格处需填入名词。句中的designed to...为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰therapies。而这些疗法的目的在于帮助人们控制情绪，因此选check一词，keep emotions in check意为“控制情绪”。
4. [I]空格前的as常用于表示比较，其后通常为形容词或副词，根据as前面的系动词be确定空格应为形容词，作be的表语。In other words表明本句是对上一句内容的解释，由此推断，此处说的是：医院教你的方法未必在现实世界中能“起作用”,词库中的relevant表达相近的意思。
5.[B] learn常用于learn to do sth.，因此空格处应填入动词原形。emotional impairment“精神障碍”提示填入的动词应包含“控制”、“调节”之类的意思，词库中regulate符合句意。
6.[F]空格后的定语从句表明空格应为名词,作从句的先行词。根据从句内容“……通常可引起恐惧”，推断空格处填入stimulus“刺激物”。
7.[H]根据主谓宾结构可知此处应填人谓语动词。从句中的动词viewed提示，本题空格应该填入动词过去式，enlisted符合句意，表示研究人员“招募了”78名志愿者作为受试者。
8.[C]空格位于句子的主语和谓语之间，应为副词。eventually“最终”填入文中能体现前后两个分句的先后顺序，符合语义。词库中的incidentally虽可修饰动词，但不符合文章语境，科学研究不可能用“偶然”事件作为研究结果。
9.[N]比较级标记more和名词feelings提示，此处应为形容词。本句对比了伴有电击的图片和没有电击的图片对受试者的影响，结合上句内容可知，蛇和蜘蛛的图片会让人产生恐惧，而伴有电击的图片会让恐惧感更 “强烈”，故此处选用intense。
10.[J]由空格后的by therapists可推知，此处需要填入动词的过去分词作those的后置定语，those指代下文的cognitive-behavioral therapy,疗法得由治疗师开出，故prescribed符合语法和语义。