阅读理解
　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D ]. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
　　Hate Your Job? Here’s How to Reshape It
　　Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so ifs more fruitful than futile.
　　"We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities," says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. "But what if you set aside that mind-set?" If you could adjust what you do, she says, "who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with?"
　　To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. They’re working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobs--even mundane (平凡的) ones---more meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments.
　　Step 1: Rethink Your Job--Creatively
　　"The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do," says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. You first analyze how much
　　time, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation( 分配). See I0 perfect jobs for the recession--and after.
　　Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasn’t part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firm’s manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.
　　Barbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
　　Hill, says it’s crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. "Doing so," she says, "will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving-and most life-draining."
　　Many of us get stuck in ruts (惯例 ). Berg, a Ph.D. student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodically rethinking what we do. "Even in the most
　　constraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room," he says. "Small changes can have a real impact on life at work."
　　Step 2: Diagram Your Day
　　To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually do at work. Then you can dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting exercise calls your "strengths, motives and passions" into your daily routine. You convert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end result is an "after" diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.
　　lna Lockau-Vogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust her priorities. "Before, 1 would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never
　　had time to address the real important issues." As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.
　　In contrast to business books that counsel, managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day. Given that according to the Bureau of Labor
　　Statistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six months to find a new position, it’s crucial to make the most of the job you’ve got.
　　Step 3: Identify Job Loves and Hates
　　By reorienting (使适应 ) how you think about your job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy. Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologically incompetent callers. He might enjoy
　　teaching more than customer service. By spending more time instructing colleagues--and treating help-line callers as curious students of tech--the disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5 position.
　　Dutton, a professor at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting process. "They come in looking worn down, but after spending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking about three or four things they can do differently."
　　"They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized," says Dutton, who parmered with Wrzesniewski on the original job-crafting research.
　　Step 4: Put Your Ideas into Action To conclude the job-crafting process, participants list specific follow-up steps: Many plan a one-0n-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas. Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks. Berg says as long as their goals are met, many managers are happy to let employees adjust how they work.
　　Job-crafting isn’t about revenue, per se, but juicing up ( 活跃 ) employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line. Amid salary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled. Surveys show that more than 50% aren’t happy
　　with what they do. Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue that emphasizing enjoyment can boost efficiency by lowering turnover rates and jacking up productivity. Job-crafting won’t rid you of a lousy boss or a subpar salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction. If you can’t ditch or switch a job, at least make it more likable.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上 作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。
　　1. A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, what would he/she do?
　　[A] Resign or bear it.
　　[B] Argue with the boss.
　　[C] Do it well or quit.
　　[D] Complain every day.
　　2. What does Amy Wrzesniewski think about job?
　　[A] It’s a list of things to do.
　　[B] It could be adjusted.
　　[C] It’s a list of responsibilities.
　　[D] It’s about talking with others.
　　3. What’s your first thing to do in the job-crafting process?
　　[A] To think about your job wholly.
　　[B] To analyze your energy and attention.
　　[C] To analyze how much time you spend.
　　[D] To think about what to do.
　　4. The idea of a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees turned out to be
　　[A] part of his job description
　　[B] helpful and energy-efficient
　　[C] useless to the supervisor
　　[D] life-draining
　　5. What’s Berg’s suggestion about work?
　　[A] To get stuck in ruts.
　　[B] To pay attention to the emotions.
　　[C] To rethink and make small changes.
　　[D] To take the most constraining jobs.
　　6. According to Ina Lockau-Vogel, what’s the benefit from job-crafting?
　　[A] It helps her use her administrative responsibilities.
　　[B] It helps her adjust her time to do what she wants.
　　[C] It helps her make decisions about company strategy.
　　[D] It helps her set priorities properly.
　　7. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, what’s the situation in job market?
　　[A] It is difficult to find a job.
　　[B] It’s easy to find a new position.
　　[C] Job-crafting helps you find a job.
　　[D] Outsourcing jobs are very hot.
　　8. Dutton has seen that local auto-industry workers profit from__________
　　9. According to Berg, if the job-crafting process is successful, the supervisors are willing to let employees __________hat to do.
　　10. If you can’t quit your job, using job-crafting may at least offer__________ for job dissatisfaction.
答案详解

　　文章精要
　　日常生活中，人们往往认为工作是一些不得不做的任务、不得不承担的责任。以前，当人们讨厌他们的工作时，通常会辞职或掩饰不满。而耶鲁大学管理学院的副教授Amy Wrzesniewski及其同事却提出了一个新的理念：雕琢工作(job—crafting)。文章通过举例子，讲述了如何运用这种方法来改变人们对工作的看法，使工作更讨人喜欢。
　　1．A根据题干信息溺hated和job定位到文章首句：从前，如果你讨厌你的工作，要么辞职，要么掩饰自己的不满，bite one’s lip意为“努力掩饰某人的怒火或不满”。选项A(辞职或忍耐)，选项B(与老板吵架)，选项C(要么干好要么辞职)，选项D(每天抱怨)，只有选项A最合适。
　　2．B根据题于信息词Amy Wrzesniewski和job定位到文章第二段，即：我们经常会陷入这种思维定势，认为我们的工作就是一系列要做的事情和一系列责任，但是，如果你换一种心态呢?如果做些什么可以调整这种心态呢?也就是说Amy Wrzesniewski认为工作是可以调整的，故选B。选项A、C是人们通常的想法，不是Amy Wrzesniewski的想法，排除。工作也不仅仅是跟人谈话，所以选项D也不对。
　　3．A根据题于信息词first和in the job-crafting process定位到第一个小标题下的首段第二句：在job-crafting的过程中，首先就是要整体考虑你的工作，故选A。holistically意为“整体地，全盘地”。原文的意思是先整体考虑，然后是具体分析时间、能量、注意力如何分配到不同的任务中，故排除B、C、D。
　　4．B根据题干信息词At Burt’s Bees和maintenance technician定位到第一个小标题F的第二段：在Burt’s Bees的一个技术人员，对程序工程感兴趣，虽然这不属于他的职责范畴，但为了改变他日常工作的范围，他争取到一些时间研究出一个点子使公司的生产过程更节能，最后，他成功r。结合选项可知，本题选B。
　　5．C根据题干信息词Berg定位到第一个小标题下最后一段。Berg说道：阶段性的反思会让我们收益?即便是最受限制的工作也有改动的余地，一些小改变对工作状态会有实实在在的影响。故本题选C。get stuck in ruts并不是Berg的建议，关注情绪是Barbara Fredrickson的观点，the most constraining jobs只是Berg举的一个例子，A、B、D均排除。
　　6．D根据题干信息词job-crafting和Ina Lockau—Vogel定位到文章第二个小标题下的第二段：Ina提到，她参加了一个job—crafting研讨会，在那的训练帮助她调整事情的优先级别，priority意为“优先，优先权”，故选D。选项A(帮助她行使行政职责)、选项B(帮助她调整做想做之事的时间)、选项C(帮助她制定公司战略的决定)文中均未提及，排除。
　　7．A根据题干信息词the Bureau of Labor Statistics定位到文章第二个标题下的第三段末句：根据劳动统计局的数据，现在找一个新工作平均需要6个月，最大限度去做好你现在的工作是至关重要的，由此可知本题选A。文中并未提及雕琢工作能帮助人们找到新工作，故排除选项B。
　　8．the job-crafting process。根据题干信息词Dutton和local auto-industry workers定位到文章第三个小标题下的第二段：Dutton说她已经看到当地汽车行业的工作者受益于job—crafting的过程，故填the job-crafting process。
　　9．adjust。根据题干信息词the job—crafting process和employees定位到文章第四个小标题下的第一段末句：Berg说，一旦他们的目标实现，许多管理者都乐意让他们的员工安排他们怎样工作，题干中的be willing to意为“愿意，乐意”，与be happy to同义，故填adjust。
　　10．some remedies。根据题于信息词quit，at least和for job dissatisfaction定位到文章末段最后两句：job-crafting不会使你摆脱糟糕的老板或低廉的薪水，但是它可以为你对工作的不满提供补救。如果你不能丢弃或换掉工作，至少可以让工作更讨人喜欢，由此可知应填some remedies。