Part I Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is Homeschooling Advisable? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　1. 现在有不少家长让孩子在家上学

　　2. 各人看法不同

　　3. 我自己的观点

　　Is Homeschooling Advisable?

　　Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　Smoke and minors

　　More teenage girls smoke than boys. Could it be because the tobacco industry plays on their desire to look fun, feel confident and stay thin?

　　Forget BlackBerrys or wedges: the most desirable accessory for huge numbers of adolescent girls today is a cigarette. The trend began in the 1990s, when girls started to overtake boys as smokers; the gap grew to 10 percentage points in 2004 with 26% of 15-year-old girls smoking compared with 16% of boys. The gap has narrowed since but in 2009 girls are still more likely to smoke than boys.

　　There has long been a synergy (协同作用) between the changing self-image of girls and the tricks of the tobacco industry. Smoking was described by one team of researchers as a way in which some adolescent girls express their resistance to the good girl feminine identity. In 2011, when Kate Moss creates controversy by smoking tobacco on the Louis Vuitton catwalk and Lady Gaga breaks the law by lighting up on stage, cigarettes have clearly lost none of their appeal.

　　What’s different today is the dark marketing techniques used by the tobacco industry since the end of above-the-line advertising in 2002. These appeal to girls’ fears and fantasies, through online and real-world sponsorship.

　　Tobacco manufacturers, for instance, have been accused of flooding YouTube with videos of sexy smoking teenage girls, while in a pioneering partnership with British American Tobacco, London’s Ministry of Sound nightclub agreed in 1995 to promote Lucky Strike cigarettes. Most harmful because they are the most covert (隐蔽的), though, are the underground dance parties organised by Marlboro Mxtronic and Urban Wave, the marketing wing of Camel. Beneath the Camel logo, Urban Wave dance parties—stretching from Mexico to the Ukraine—hand out free cigarettes, and are themselves free: you must be invited and register, thereby helping the tobacco company build up a database. In the US a 2007 fashion-themed Camel 9 campaign was clearly targeted at young women, and so-called brand stretching has popularised tobacco brands on non-tobacco products, such as Marlboro Classic Clothes.

　　Adolescent girls seem particularly susceptible to the blandishments of the tobacco industry. Susie, 15, began smoking two years ago. It was on the common and everyone started experimenting. You think, ‘Ooh, I’m more cool, ooh I feel grownup and in with the crowd.’ Vanessa, 15, remembers that it gave me a headrush, and it impressed my friends. Becca, 21, became a regular smoker at 15. We were going out and lying about our age and thought smoking made us look older.

　　Janne Scheffels, a Norwegian researcher, argued recently that teenage girl smokers view it as a kind of prop (支撑) in a performance of adulthood, a way of crossing the boundary between childhood and adolescence, and moving away from parents’ authority. Becca, says: It felt like getting one over my parents: the fact that they didn’t like it and couldn’t stop it made me feel better.

　　Teenage smokers, the theory used to go, suffer from a lack of self-esteem. The reality is more complex. A succession of studies have found that smoking positions you in a group of top girls—high-status, popular, fun-loving, rebellious, confident, cool party-goers who project self-esteem (not, of course, the same as actually having it). Non-smokers are mostly seen as more sensible and less risk-taking.

　　Smoking, says Vanessa, is also bonding. You start conversations with strangers when you ask for a light—an attractive social lubricant (润滑剂) for awkward teenagers. But the hub of teen smoking is break-time: it builds a girl’s smoking identity. Sara, 14, says: That was when it became regular, when I started going out at lunch and break, round the corner from school where everyone smokes. You become less close to people who don’t go out.

　　Some smoke for emotional reasons: smokers are more likely to be anxious and depressed; having a cigarette is a way of dealing with stress. Twice as many teenage girls suffer from teen anxiety as boys, according to a report from the thinktank Demos last month.

　　According to Amanda Amos, professor of health promotion at the University of Edinburgh, there’s also a social class dimension: more disadvantaged teenage girls smoke, and they’re less likely to give up. Then why aren’t boys equally affected? This is where it gets particularly dispiriting. Top boys have alternative ways of displaying prestige, such as sport: smoking to look cool conflicts with their desire to get fit. Girls want to be thin more than fit: smoking, they believe, helps keep their weight down. One in four said that smoking made them feel less hungry and that they smoked instead of eating.

　　Already in the 1920s the president of American Tobacco realised he could interest women in cigarettes by selling them as a fat-free way to satisfy hunger. The Lucky Strike adverts of 1925, Reach for Lucky instead of a sweet, one of the first cigarette advert campaigns aimed at women, increased its market share by more than 200%. Between 1949 and 1999, according to internal documents from the tobacco industry released during litigation in the US, Philip Morris and British American Tobacco added appetite suppressants to cigarettes.

　　The industry has continued to exploit girls’ and women’s anxieties about weight. Since advertising was banned, says Amos, packaging is one of the few ways that tobacco companies can communicate with women. Young women looking at cigarette packs branded slim are more likely to believe that the contents can help make them slim. So no prizes for guessing the target market for the new super-skinny cigarettes—half the depth of a normal pack of 20—like Vogue Superslims, or the Virginia S.

　　Until recently, few health education campaigns had taken on board the research into why young women smoke and so—unsurprisingly—had little impact. Some even inadvertently encouraged smoking: if you bang on about how bad cigarettes are you make them—to this group—sound good. And there’s no point in trying to scare girls about developing cancer when they’re old: they don’t think they will be.

　　The ones I interviewed know the health risks but use all kinds of strategies to exempt themselves: their uncles smoke and are fine; they’ll stop when they’re pregnant (they disapprove of smoking pregnant women); they’ll stop to avoid wrinkles; they’ll stop when they’re 20 or 30.

　　The successful campaigns have been radically different. The brilliant late-1990s Florida truth campaign, eschewing (避开) worthy public health appeals, played the tobacco industry at its own game. Through MTV ads, a newsletter distributed in record shops, merchandising, and a truth truck touring concerts and raves, it attacked the industry for manipulating teens to smoke, repositioning anti-smoking as a hip, rebellious youth movement. As a result, the number of young smokers declined by almost 10% over two years.

　　It doesn’t do to get morally anxious about girls and smoking. For one thing, now that—in year 10—everyone smokes, non-smokers and other independent-minded girls are acquiring a cool of their own. Smoking to look cool, it’s even been suggested, risks you being judged a try-hard.

　　On the other hand, cancer is the greatest cause of death among women and, as Amos points out, we haven’t seen the full health consequences of this bulge of girls’ smoking yet. Last week Amos addressed the European parliament as part of Europe Against Cancer Week. Female MEPS (members of the European parliament) were shocked when she passed round packets of super-skinnies clearly targeted at girls, and discussed how women need to be empowered not to smoke. Girls need alternatives that make them feel as powerful, independent and attractive as they think cigarettes do. Smoking really is a feminist issue.

　　1. In the 1990s, there was a trend that _______.

　　A) girls desired for high-end products C) more teenage girls smoked than boys

　　B) cigarettes became necessary to girls D) many boys started to quit smoking

　　2. What do the examples of Kate Moss and Lady Gaga show?

　　A) Sexy smoking teenage girls enjoy great popularity.

　　B) Top brands tend to hire celebrities in their promotions.

　　C) Few adolescent girls are satisfied with their appearance.

　　D) Smoking is still very appealing to many teenage girls.

　　3. What is said about the underground dance parties organized by Marlboro Mxtronic?

　　A) They are hidden and extremely harmful. C) They can be found throughout the world.

　　B) They give people enormous pleasure. D) They are mainly aimed at teenage boys.

　　4. According to Janne Scheffels, adolescent girls regard smoking as _______.

　　A) a sign of being anxious and depressed

　　B) an act of defiance toward parental authority

　　C) a way of starting conversations with strangers

　　D) an effective method of impressing their peers

　　5. The author suggests that top girls _______.

　　A) are less likely to be smokers C) are more sensible than other girls

　　B) can deal with stress very well D) don’t actually have self-esteem

　　6. Amanda Amos holds that disadvantaged girls _______.

　　A) realize the harm of smoking C) want to get fit instead of being thin

　　B) are less likely to stop smoking D) have healthy ways of losing weight

　　7. What did American Tobacco do to attract women to cigarettes in the 1920s?

　　A) It used substances that increased appetite.

　　B) It handed out free cigarettes in public places.

　　C) It sold cigarettes as a slimming aid for women.

　　D) It produced cigarettes that had a sweet taste.

　　8. Young women tend to believe that cigarettes in slim packs can help them to be ______________________________.

　　9. Heath education campaigns had ______________________________ on stopping women from smoking because few of them studied the reason women smoke.

　　10. The super-skinny cigarette packs which Amos presented at the European parliament ______________________________ its female members.
　　Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　11. A) How to help their parents. C) How to spend a summer vacation.

　　B) How to take computer courses. D) How to celebrate the last day of school.

　　12. A) At his apartment. C) In the woman’s home.

　　B) In a hotel nearby. D) In his friend’s dormitory.

　　13. A) She has finished her thesis.

　　B) A special day is coming over soon.

　　C) The man was elected the chair of the department.

　　D) There is something special about their school.

　　14. A) There were a lot of good books. C) The books were too expensive to buy.

　　B) He bought a lot of books over there. D) There were many people at the book sale.

　　15. A) The man’s glasses have been fixed already.

　　B) The man may pick up the glasses on Friday.

　　C) The man may pick up the glasses on Wednesday.

　　D) The man’s glasses have been fixed within a week.

　　16. A) Lisa might be able to help. C) Sandy is busy with her engagement.

　　B) Lisa is always on the Internet. D) Sandy is working on her lab reports.

　　17. A) He exaggerated his part. C) He played his part quite well.

　　B) He was not dramatic enough. D) He performed better than the secretary.

　　18. A) An open door. C) A private room.

　　B) An open discussion. D) A closed door.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. A) Albania. C) Romania.

　　B) Hungary. D) Czechoslovakia.

　　20. A) Tomorrow. C) Immediately.

　　B) Next month. D) Towards the end of the month.

　　21. A) He may make a lot of friends there.

　　B) He wants to visit his relatives there.

　　C) He may do some market research there.

　　D) He may enjoy the beautiful scenery there.

　　22. A) Sell medical facilities. C) Establish personal contracts.

　　B) Further personal contacts. D) Investigate personal contracts.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23. A) Social activities. C) Language activities.

　　B) Cultural activities. D) Sports activities.

　　24. A) Tuesday. C) Thursday.

　　B) Wednesday. D) Friday.

　　25. A) ￡5. B) ￡30. C) ￡50. D) ￡55.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. A) They have to take a lot of courses.

　　B) They don’t need to go to labs.

　　C) They take a very light class load.

　　D) They have much free time for independent study.

　　27. A) To establish a good image and a high reputation.

　　B) To smoothly present their results and research.

　　C) To make themselves confident and brave.

　　D) To develop a creative mind.

　　28. A) To make friends with their peers. C) To get the latest information.

　　B) To get on well with their colleagues. D) To do research into other areas.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29. A) The degree they disrupt the computer. C) The space they occupy in the Internet.

　　B) The way they reproduce and spread. D) The target they mainly attack.

　　30. A) It first appeared in 1988. C) It first broke out in Britain.

　　B) It traveled via e-mail messages. D) It was meant to steal documents.

　　31. A) They don’t damage computer systems.

　　B) They need to attach themselves to other files.

　　C) They could spread on their own through computer networks.

　　D) They replicate themselves when data is shared with another computer system.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32. A) The components and functions of films.

　　B) The standards used to value a film.

　　C) The whole process of movie-making.

　　D) The future development of the movie industry.

　　33. A) Musical score. C) Special effects.

　　B) Clothing design. D) The credits.

　　34. A) It can make all the audiences crazy. C) It can spoil the image of an actor.

　　B) It can affect the fashion of the world. D) It can make an ordinary person leap to fame.

　　35. A) It was made during World War II. C) It reflects things in World War II.

　　B) It was made for politicians. D) It was made for peace lovers.

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　The social effects of job-sharing are likely to be beneficial, since it attempts to match work opportunities to a wider variety of lifestyles. The (36) _________ of one full-time and one part-time spouse might become much more common: which was the husband and which was the wife would vary according to taste, time of life and career (37) _________.

　　What exactly is job-sharing? The Equal Opportunities Commission (38) _________ it as a form of part-time employment where two people (39) _________ share the responsibility of one full-time position. Salary and benefits are (40) _________ between the two sharers. Each person’s terms and conditions of employment are the same as those of a full-timer. If each works at least 15 hours a week, then they enjoy certain (41) _________ rights that ordinary part-time workers do not have.

　　Part-timers usually earn less per hour than a full-timer, and have fewer benefits and less job (42) _________. They have virtually no career prospects. Employers often think that working part-time (43) _________ that a person has no ambitions and so offer no chance of promotion.

　　(44) ___________________________________________________________________ and that does not mean just married women. As Adrienne Broyle of New Ways to Work—formerly the London Job-Sharing Project — points out: (45) ___________________________________________________________________.

　　A growing number of men want to job-share so that they can play an active role in bringing up their children. It allows people to study at home in their free time, (46) ___________________________________________________________________. Job-sharing is also an ideal way for people to ease into retirement.
　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

　　Overprotective parents inhibit more than their kids’ freedom: they may also slow brain growth in an area linked to mental illness. Children whose parents are overprotective or neglectful are believed to be more susceptible to psychiatric disorders — which in turn are associated with defects in part of the prefrontal cortex (皮层).

　　To investigate the link, Kosuke Narita of Gunma University, Japan, scanned the brains of 50 people in their 20s and asked them to fill out a survey about their relationship with their parents during their first 16 years. The researchers used a survey called the Parental Bonding Instrument, an internationally recognized way of measuring children’s relationships with their parents. It asks participants to rate their parents on statements like Did not want me to grow up, tried to control everything I did and tried to make me feel dependent on her / him. Narita’s team found that those with overprotective parents had less grey matter in a particular area of the prefrontal cortex than those who had healthy relationships. Neglect from fathers, though not mothers, also correlated with less grey matter. This part of the prefrontal cortex develops during childhood, and abnormalities there are common in people with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. Narita and his team propose that the excessive release of the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇) — due either to neglect, or to too much attention — and reduced production of dopamine as a result of poor parenting leads to stunted grey matter growth.

　　Anthony Harris, director of the Clinical Disorders Unit at Westmead Hospital in Sydney, Australia, says the study is important for highlighting to the wider community that parenting styles can have long-term effects on children. But he adds that such brain differences are not always permanent. Many individuals show great resilience (弹性), he says. Stephen Wood, who studies adolescent development at the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre in Australia, says the brain abnormalities cannot necessarily be blamed on children’s relationship with their parents. He points out that the subjects studied may have been born with the abnormalities and as a result didn’t bond well with their parents, rather than vice versa. Wood also takes issue with the study team’s decision to exclude individuals with low socioeconomic status and uneducated parents — two factors known to contribute to poor performance in cognitive tests. The effect they found may be real, but why worry about parenting if there are other factors that are so much larger? he says.

　　47. It is believed that children with overprotective or neglectful parents are _____________________.

　　48. The researchers from Gunma University of Japan used a survey — the Parental Bonding Instrument — to measure _____________________.

　　49. Narita’s team found that children whose parents are overprotective or neglectful had _____________________ in part of the prefrontal cortex.

　　50. Stephen Wood from the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre in Australia says that children’s relationship with their parents cannot necessarily be blamed for _____________________.

　　51. Stephen Wood believes that if there are other factors that are so much larger, it is no need worrying about _____________________.

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy, triggering the most severe financial crisis since the 1920s.

　　The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm — double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

　　In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.

　　The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile (动荡的). But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says, I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.

　　What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds — death, debt and divorce — still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

　　52. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as a last victory because .

　　A) the art market had witnessed a succession of victories

　　B) the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids

　　C) Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces

　　D) it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

　　53. By saying spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable (Line 1-2, Para.3), the author suggests that .

　　A) art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

　　B) collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

　　C) people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries

　　D) works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

　　54. What do we learn about the art market from the passage?

　　A) Nobody has confidence in the future of the art market.

　　B) The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

　　C) The art market generally went downward in various ways.

　　D) Sales of contemporary art rose dramatically from 2007 to 2008.

　　55. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are .

　　A) auction houses’ favorites　 C) factors promoting artwork circulation

　　B) contemporary trends　 D) styles representing impressionists

　　56. What is mainly discussed in the passage?

　　A) Art market in decline.　 C) Fluctuation of art prices.

　　B) Up-to-date art auctions.　 D) Shifted interest in arts.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

　　There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits, said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.

　　The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

　　If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

　　A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

　　Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns, said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable (可行的).

　　Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through cruel and endless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics (手段) have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

　　57. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap .

　　A) should be further cultivated　 C) are deeply rooted in history

　　B) should be changed gradually　 D) are basically private concerns

　　58. The example of brushing teeth shows that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to .

　　A) perfected art of products　 C) commercial promotions

　　B) automatic behavior creation　 D) scientific experiments

　　59. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to .

　　A) show the urgent need of daily necessities

　　B) reveal their impact on people’ habits

　　C) indicate their effect on people’ buying power

　　D) manifest the significant role of good habits

　　60. How did Carol Berning see creating automatic behaviors among consumers?

　　A) It may not bring huge profits for companies.

　　B) It has become a new field of scientific research.

　　C) It means a heavy investment for companies.

　　D) It is necessary for the success of new products.

　　61. What is the author’s attitude toward the influence of advertising on people’s habits?

　　A) Indifferent. B) Negative. C)Positive. D) Biased.
　Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　If there is one thing that could halt the ascent of social networks, it is the thorny question of privacy. This is 62 because it goes right to the heart of the social-networking business model. In order to 63 users, sites need to offer ways for members to restrict the information about themselves that gets shared with a wider 64 . But if a site allows members to keep too much of their information private, there will be less traffic that can be turned into profit 65 advertising and various other means, 66 the network’s business will suffer.

　　There is some evidence that people are starting to become more sophisticated about the way in which they 67 their data, which could have longer-term 68 for the

　　networks’ growth. Research 69 last year showed that some 60% of adults are restricting 70 to their online profiles.

　　As it happens, the social networks have partly brought this on themselves. In order to offer a better service, many have created 71 sets of privacy controls that allow users to switch 72 different levels of protection to entrench (保护) their online data. Facebook has excessive controls that can be 73 to create different levels of confidentiality. Default settings (默认设置) for younger people on social-net-working sites are often more 74 than those for adults to ensure they are protected 75 unwanted attention.

　　Social networks 76 applause for developing these fine-grained controls. 77 their desire for profit can put them on a 78 course with privacy activists, regulators and their users. One bone of contention is social networks’ 79 to draw attention to their privacy statements. The reason for this might be 80 about privacy reassurance: the worry that alerting people to privacy as a potential issue will make them less inclined to share things, 81 robust privacy controls are available.

　　62. A) competitive C) ambiguous

　　B) controversial D) irrational

　　63. A) attract C) enlarge

　　B) contract D) extend

　　64. A) society C) coverage

　　B) public D) audience

　　65. A) among C) through

　　B) across D) from

　　66. A) or C) whereas

　　B) while D) so

　　67. A) manage C) monitor

　　B) manipulate D) analyze

　　68. A) influences C) implications

　　B) impressions D) connections

　　69. A) collected C) discovered

　　B) guided D) published

　　70. A) access C) excess

　　B) entrance D) approach

　　71. A) successive C) progressive

　　B) extensive D) repetitive

　　72. A) among C) into

　　B) between D) towards

　　73. A) remedied C) adapted

　　B) transformed D) adjusted

　　74. A) inclusive C) restrictive

　　B) instructive D) exclusive

　　75. A) from C) over

　　B) for D) upon

　　76. A) derive C) require

　　B) revise D) deserve

　　77. A) And C) Therefore

　　B) But D) Thus

　　78. A) conflict C) combat

　　B) contradiction D) collision

　　79. A) rejection C) reluctance

　　B) denial D) decline

　　80. A) concern C) attention

　　B) care D) intention

　　81. A) if only C) even if

　　B) only if D) as if

　　Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

　　Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

　　82. ___________________________ (要不是有这个周密的计划), the project could never be completed in time.

　　83. ___________________________ (鉴于我们长期的业务伙伴关系), we can consider a price reduction.

　　84. It is decided by the government that ___________________________ (建立纪念碑来纪念这位民族英雄).

　　85. ___________________________ (提前确认一下预定情况), or it will be regarded as cancellation automatically.

　　86. The importance of traffic safety ___________________________ (无论怎么强调都不为过).
　　Part I Writing

　　【参考范文一】

　　Is Homeschooling Advisable?

　　Today, a growing number of children in China are staying at home, not because they are giving up education but because their parents think they will actually receive a better education at home. They are being homeschooled at every level — kindergarten, primary, junior middle and even senior middle school.

　　People’s opinions vary on homeschooling. Some people support it, saying China’s current education mode puts heavy study pressure on students and many of them suffer from depression and even commit suicide. Some oppose it, maintaining that students need interaction with classmates, so that they can fit into society. Still, there are people who insist that homeschooling is a game for rich people only, which cannot be expanded to the whole of society.

　　Personally, I think homeschooling is advisable as long as the family can afford it. As people’s personalities differ, so education should be diversified. What’s more, we do have successful examples of homeschooling. For example, Zheng Yuanjie, a famous Chinese writer of children’s stories had his son study at home after his son finished primary school study. Today, his son has grown up to be a successful person.

　　【参考范文二】

　　Is Homeschooling Advisable?

　　Today, many parents in China, particularly those in cities, are dissatisfied with the country’s education system. They believe the current education mode is outdated and prevents children from experiencing the joy of learning. To change the situation, they choose to have their children study at home.

　　This phenomenon has attracted a range of commentary from experts as well as parents. Supporters of homeschooling say that today’s education system emphasizes too much on exam results to allow students to fulfill their full potential. Opponents, however, argue that insulating students from normal school education will affect their ability to integrate with the rest of society in the long-term.

　　I’m in the camp that homeschooling should not be advocated. Today, most children are the only child in a family are in need of companions. If they are educated at home, they will be unable to interact with their peers, and cooperation and communication will be very difficult to manage when they go into society.

　　Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

　　1. C) 2. D) 3. A) 4. B) 5. D) 6. B) 7. C)

　　8. slim 9. little impact 10. shocked

　　Part III Listening Comprehension

　　11. C) 12. C) 13. A) 14. A) 15. B) 16. A) 17. A) 18. D)

　　19. D) 20. D) 21. C) 22. B) 23. C) 24. D) 25. C)

　　26. A) 27. B) 28. C)

　　29. B) 30. B) 31. C)

　　32. A)

　　33. C) 34. B) 35. C)

　　36. combination 37. requirements 38. defines 39. voluntarily

　　40. divided 41. employment 42. security 43. means

　　44. But job-sharing bridges that gap and offers the chance of interesting work to people who can only work part-time

　　45. There are various reasons why people decide they want to job-share and so have more free time

　　46. and means that disabled people or those who otherwise stay at home to look after them, can work

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

　　47. more susceptible to psychiatric disorders

　　48. children’s relationships with their parents

　　49. less grey matter

　　50. the brain abnormalities

　　51. parenting

　　52. D) 53. B) 54. C) 55. C) 56. A)

　　57. A) 58. C) 59. B) 60. D) 61. B)

　　Part V Cloze

　　62. B) 63. A) 64. B) 65. C) 66. D) 67. A) 68. C) 69. D) 70. A) 71. B)

　　72. B) 73. D) 74. C) 75. A) 76. D) 77. B) 78. D) 79. C) 80. A) 81. C)

　　Part VI Translation

　　82. But for / Thanks to the careful plan

　　83. In light of / In view of our long-standing / long-term

　　84. a monument (should) be built in memory of the national hero

　　85. Confirm the reservation beforehand

　　86. cannot be emphasized too much /overemphasized