翻译题目

计划生育(family planning)是中国的基本国策之一。它于1978年开始实施，30多年来，已取得了显著的效果。它不仅有效地控制了人口的过快增长,还提升了人口素质。此外，计划生育政策还提高了人们的生活水平、促进了社会的持续发展。然而，随着社会进一步发展，新问题不断出现，计划生育工作面临着许多新的挑战，所以中国政府对其进行了修改完善。

表达难点

1.第2句中，为了突出计划生育政策取得了显著的效果，宜将句首的“它于1978年开始实施”处理为时间状语，用表被动的过去分词短语implemented in 1978来表达。时间状语“30多年来”译为over the past 30-odd years，按照英语表达习惯，置于句末。

2.第3句“它不仅有效地控制了人口的过快增长，还提升了人口素质”可用both...and的并列结构来译出，表达为it has both effectively controlled... and improved...。也可将主语转换成“人口的过快增长”，用被动语态，“还提升了人口素质”作伴随状语，用介词加独立主格结构译出，表达为Excessive population growth was...controlled, with... being improved。

3.第4句中的动词“提髙”和“促进”均可译为promote，故可将这两个动宾结构合并翻译。译文中还增译了 helped in(有助于)，更能达意。

4.最后一句较长，根据语意，可将“所以中国政府……”拆译，另起一句。“随着社会进一步发展”作状语，“新问题不断出现”是重点，故处理成主句“计划生育工作……”处理为结果状语，整句可译为as the society..., new problems emerge..., bringing many new challenges...。其中“计划生育工作”中的“工作”没有实质含义，可略去不译。“修改完善”的宾语是“计划生育政策”，对政策的修改常用refine，amend及modify等词， 而这些词已隐含“修改使其完善”之义,故没必要再将make it more perfect译出。

参考译文

Family planning is one of the basic national policies of China. Implemented in 1978, the family planning policy has produced remarkable effects over the past 30-odd years. Excessive population growth was effectively controlled, with the quality of people being improved. Furthermore, the family planning policy has helped in promoting living standards as well as sustainable social development However, as the society further develops, new problems emerge continuously, bringing many new challenges to family planning. Therefore, the Chinese government has refined the policy.