Part I Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic： WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese：

　　1. 年轻人越来越趋向于打电话

　　2. 信件是否会被电话取缔

　　3. 我的观点

Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　Animals on the Move

　　It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.

　　Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark?s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.

　　Moving to Survive

　　In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.

　　Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.

　　Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.

　　Skin Is the Key

　　The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.

　　The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.

　　As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.

　　Source of Energy

　　What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark?s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn?t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark?s collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.

　　When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.

　　The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.

　　This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.

　　Dolphin Has Speed Record

　　Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.

　　In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.

　　The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.

　　Other Animals Less Efficient

　　Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.

　　Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?

　　1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except .

　　A )to find food

　　B) to avoid being chased by its enemies

　　C) to find a new place to live

　　D) to show its braveness

　　2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that .

　　A)humans are the most clever living creatures in the world

　　B)human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment

　　C)humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools

　　D)humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances

　　3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?

　　A)The skin. B)The tail. C)The muscle. D)The jaw.

　　4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?

　　A)When moving its tail rapidly.

　　B)When finding its preys.

　　C)When staying without any movement.

　　D)When bending its body in swimming.

　　5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?

　　A)Because it is also full of blood pressure.

　　B)Because it is also filled of air pressure.

　　C)Because it is also inflated by pressure.

　　D)Because it also can be used again and again.

　　6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims .

　　A)slowly through the waterB)rapidly through the water

　　C)against the currentD)at the fastest speed in water

　　7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long as it.

　　A)one twelfth times.B)the same.

　　C)12 times.D)1.2 times.

　　8.A shark finds its prey by .

　　9.According to the passage, can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched .

　　10.When the shark detects an important food source, take place .

　Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages47using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be48, of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also49 problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from51at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students52a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is53for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also54certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can55. It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a56where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.

　　A)field B)possess C)considered D)express E)offer

　　F)create G)required H)ofI)emerge J)make

　　K)lack L)however M)scope N)cause O)that

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.

　　“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.

　　There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.

　　Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.

　　There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

　　57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns .

　　A)informs job hunters of the opportunities available

　　B)promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employment

　　C)divides available jobs into various types

　　D)informs employers of the people available for work

　　58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because .

　　A)there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people

　　B)there are so many top?level jobs available

　　C)there are so many people out of work

　　D)the job history is considered to be a work of art

　　59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would .

　　A)write an initial letter giving their life history

　　B)pass some exams before applying for a job

　　C)have no qualifications other than being able to read and write

　　D)keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview

　　60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter .

　　A)something that would distinguish one from other applicants

　　B)hinted information about the personality of the applicant

　　C)one’s advantages over others in applying for the job

　　D)an occasional trick with the aggressive approach

　　61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because .

　　A)there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised

　　B)there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees

　　C)jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays

　　D)the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent?controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.

　　Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low?paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.

　　Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.

　　Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.

　　62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .

　　A)cause a shortage of apartments

　　B)worry those who rent apartments as homes

　　C)increase the profits of landlords

　　D)encourage landlords to invest in building apartments

　　63. According to the critics, rent control .

　　A)will always benefit those who rent apartments

　　B)is unnecessary

　　C)will bring negative effects in the long run

　　D)is necessary under all circumstances

　　64. The problem of unemployment will arise .

　　A)if the minimum wage is set too highB)if the minimum wage is set too low

　　C)if the workers are unskilledD)if the maximum wage is set

　　65. The passage tells us .

　　A)the relationship between supply and demand

　　B)the possible results of government controls

　　C)the necessity of government control

　　D)the urgency of getting rid of government controls

　　66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A)The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.

　　B)Minimum wage can not always protect employees.

　　C)Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.

　　D)Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.
　Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never?ending flood of words. In 67 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 68 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 69 readers. Most of usdevelop poor reading 70 at an early age, andnever get over them. The main deficiency 71 in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have 72 meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. 73, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 74 words or passages. Regression, thetendency to look back over 75 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 76 down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as 77 reads.

　　To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 78, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 79 the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 80 word-by-word reading,regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first 81 is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 82 your comprehension will improve.Many people have found 83 reading skilldrastically improved after some training. 84 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 85 the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 86 more reading material in a short period of time.

　　67. A)applying B)doing

　　C)offering D)getting

　　68. A)quickly B)easily

　　C)roughly D)decidedly

　　69. A)good B)curious

　　C)poor D)urgent

　　70. A)training B)habits

　　C)situations D)custom

　　71. A)lies B)combines

　　C)touches D)involves

　　72. A)some B)a lot

　　C)little D)dull

　　73. A)Fortunately B)In fact

　　C)Logically D)Unfortunately

　　74. A)reuse B)reread

　　C)rewrite D)recite

　　75. A)what B)which

　　C)that D)if

　　76. A)scales B)cuts

　　C)slows D)measures

　　77. A)some one B)one

　　C)he D)reader

　　78. A)accelerator B)actor

　　C)amplifier D)observer

　　79. A)then B)as

　　C)beyond D)than

　　80. A)enabling B)leading

　　C)making D)indicating

　　81. A)meaning B)comprehension

　　C)gist D)regression

　　82. A)but B)nor

　　C)or D)for

　　83. A)our B)your

　　C)their D)such a

　　84. A)Look at B)Take

　　C)Make D)Consider

　　85. A)for B)in

　　C)after D)before

　　86. A)master B)go over

　　C)present D)get through

　　Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)

　　Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

　　87. But for his help, I (我不可能这么早完成).

　　88. I don’t mind your (延期做出) the decision as long as it is not too late.

　　89. Over a third of the population was estimated (无法获得) to the health service.

　　90. It is no good waiting for the bus, (我们不妨走回家吧).

　　91. Last week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, (尽情地唱歌跳舞).

Part I Writing

参考范文

　　Will phones kill letter writing?

　　Today， with the quick pace of life， people， especially young people， usually do not have as much time to write letters as before. They communicate with each other through the electric line. They are becoming so dependent on telephones that some people say that one day phones will kill letter writing. But I don’t think it is the case.

　　It is true that communicating by letters is not as convenient as by telephone. However， letter writing makes people think clearly. When a person writes， he must organize his thoughts and express his ideas and feelings more logically. In addition， letters give you a chance to read them again. Isn‘t it exciting to receive a letter from your parents or your friends? Isn’t it pleasant to red the letter again and to feel again the excitement and the pleasantness?

　　So if you have time， write a letter right now， and you will certainly give your friends and your family a pleasant surprise.

　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

　　原文精译

　　动物的运动

　　除了缺少剧情音乐之外，这看上去就像《大白鲨》影片中的一个场景：一条巨大的鲨鱼在水中慢慢地游着，尾巴就像钟摆一样来回地摆动。

　　突然，它敏感的皮肤神经末梢感受到了猎物游动时发出的震动。瞬间，它就变成一台高效致命的死亡机器。它绷紧肌肉，快速地在水中砍出一条通道。眨眼之间，它便用强有力的嘴巴咬住了它的猎物，一条大鱼。随后，它来回扭动着头，从猎物的身上撕下大块大块的肉，把它们吞了下去。很快地，猎食活动就结束了。

　　为了生存而移动

　　鲨鱼追逐猎物的过程以一种夸张的方式证明了移动(或者运动)对于动物的重要作用。

　　像鲨鱼一样，大部分的动物通过移动来发现食物。他们还利用移动来逃避敌人、寻找配偶、开拓新的地盘。移动的方法包括：爬行、跳跃、滑行、飞行、飘浮或者漫步。

　　借助各种有助移动的发明，人类加强了其移动优势，可以在任何环境下移动。汽车、火箭、潜艇能把人类从深海运输到遥远的月亮。然而，对于其他的动物而言，移动来源于数百万年的进化。鲨鱼是其中最成功的例子。它能够以接近零的时间快速地捕获猎物，这给科学家们留下了深刻的印象。但是，经过仔细地研究，美国杜克大学的海洋生物学家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才发现了鲨鱼是如何做到这一点的。在研究中，科学家们对位于佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁海上乐园泳池中游泳的鲨鱼进行了观察。他们拍摄了鲨鱼的运动情况，对它们进行了分析，同时也对鲨鱼的皮肤和肌肉进行了研究。

　　皮肤是关键

　　生物学家们发现，鲨鱼的皮肤是它们在水中高效游动的关键。鲨鱼的皮肤中含有许多纤维，像子午线轮胎的内部一样交错在一起。这些纤维被称为胶原纤维。随着它们的放松或拉紧，这些纤维可以储存或释放大量的能量。当拉伸纤维时，纤维中蓄满了能量，就像绷紧的弓弦一样。能量被释放后，纤维就松弛了。

　　杜克大学的生物学家发现，最大拉伸发生在鲨鱼弯曲身体游动的时候。当身体前后移动时，弯曲处外侧的纤维受到强烈的拉伸，大量的潜能被储存在纤维中。当鲨鱼朝另一个方向迅速掉头时，这种能量就被释放出来了。

　　随着能量在鲨鱼身体两侧交替地储存和释放，它的尾巴就像鞭子一样强烈地来回摆动。这种像皮鞭一样的动作促使鲨鱼像发射的子弹一样在水中穿来穿去。

　　能量的来源

　　是什么让纤维能存储如此多的能量呢?在追寻答案的过程中，杜克大学的科学家们发现，鲨鱼与子午线轮胎的相似性并不仅仅存在于皮肤上。正如子午线轮胎是由压力膨胀的一样，在鲨鱼胶原辐射处的下方也有一个膨胀区。但是，鲨鱼体内的压力可能来自于血液压缩胶原纤维而产生的压力，而不是来自于空气的压力。

　　当鲨鱼缓慢游动时，纤维内的压力相对较低。纤维比较松弛时，鲨鱼就能以锐角的角度弯身。在寻找食物或只是游动时，鲨鱼以这种方式进行移动。但是，当它发现重要的食物来源时，一些奇妙的变化就自动发生了。

　　鲨鱼内部的压力可能会增加10倍，胶原纤维在这种压力下剧烈拉伸，蓄积了大量的能量。

　　接着，这种能量被转移到尾巴上，鲨鱼快速运动起来，剩下的事情就可想而知了。

　　海豚是速度最快的纪录保持者

　　海豚是另一种快速的海洋动物，这种海洋哺乳动物的速度为每小时20英里。研究海豚的生物学家们发现，就像鲨鱼一样，海豚的快速游动可以追溯到其皮肤。海豚的皮肤是这样构成的：它对流过其身体的水流产生的阻力很小。通常情况下，当鱼或其他动物在水中缓慢游动时，水流会平稳地流过它们的身体。这种平稳的水流被称为层流。然而，当鱼快速移动时，其周围的水流就变得湍急起来。这种乱流使摩擦加大，降低了鱼的速度。

　　海豚的皮肤弹性很大，可以随着水波的波形而弯曲。

　　实际上，水波是被卷进了海豚皮肤的皱褶处。这样，其余的水就以层流的方式从其身边平稳地流过。其他动物快速游动时，由于受到乱流的阻碍，其速度就降低了;但是，海豚却能够以破纪录的速度在水中快速穿行。

　　其他的低速动物

　　并不是所有的动物都能像鲨鱼和海豚一样快速地游动。在运动效率方面最大的输家可能是蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)。它看起来就像没有壳的蜗牛，其爬行过的地方会留下一条细细的踪迹。它要使用大量的能量制造黏滑的黏液，以便在其上爬行。移动同样的距离，老鼠只需要其所耗费能量的十二分之一。

　　科学家们认为，由于蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)利用能量的效率很低，所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。换句话说，它们都被迫把自己束缚在很小的区域之中来搜寻食物和寻找合适的生活条件。人类曾经面临过这样的问题吗?

　　1.【答案】D)

　　【解析】属同义转换题，本题是一种排除选择题。根据题干中的中心词“movement to do something”，可以将答案定位在小标题“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前两句话，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。该句与题干是一种同义转换，选项A)、B)和C)在原文中均有提及，所以不是正确选项;答案D)在原文没有提及，所以是正确答案。

　　2.【答案】B)

　　【解析】属细节推断题。题干考查汽车、火箭和潜艇的例子是为了说明什么，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是关键词，可以将答案定位在文章小标题“Moving to Survive”下第三段的前两句话，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”，第二句话所举例子正是为了说明第一句话的内容，这与B)项意思一致，而其他选项在文中均未提及。

　　3.【答案】A)

　　【解析】属细节推断题。分析题干，本题考查鲨鱼在水中快速游动的关键是什么。其中的“key”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句话，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water”，这与选项A)完全一致，所以直接选择A)即可。其他选项在文中均有提及，但是都不符合题干的要求。

　　4.【答案】D)

　　【解析】属细节推断题。题干中的“the Duke University scientists”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句话，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。这与选项D)的内容完全一致，所以答案选D)项，而其他选项原文均未提及，为干扰项。

　　5.【答案】C)

　　【解析】属细节推断题。题干中“a belted radial tire”是关键词，可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句话，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ‘radials’”。其中的“just as”和“so”正说明了两者的相似之处在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案应该是C)。选项A)和B)是两者的不同之处，选项D)在文中没有提及。

　　6.【答案】A)

　　【解析】属细节推断题。题干中的关键词是“a laminar flow”，所以可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根据该节第一段的倒数第三、四句话，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow.”。题干是对这两句话的改写，所以正确答案是A)选项。其他三个选项的意思均不符合“a laminar flow”的定义，与题干要求不符。

　　7.【答案】C)

　　【解析】属同义转换题。题干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均为关键词，可以直接定位在小标题“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句话，“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。题干是对该句的同义改写，所以正确答案是C)12 times，其他选项均与原文内容不符。

　　8. 【答案】feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey

　　【解析】鲨鱼靠感受猎物游动的震动来发现猎物。

　　9. 【答案】collagen fibers

　　【解析】在Skin Is the Key中，第二、三句话，The fibers are called collagen fibers。

　　10.【答案】some fantastic involuntary changes

　　【解析】 在Source of Energy中，第二段倒数第一句话就是本题答案。


　Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

　　Section A

　　原文精译

　　近年来，越来越多的外国人参与了美国的教学项目。当然，在教学中使用外国教职员工既有优点，又有缺点，这必须予以考虑。可以这样说，国外背景使外国教职员工具有价值的同时，也给学校和个人的调整带来一些问题。外国学者通常把自己孤立在实验室中，以此作为一种保护;然而，他所需要的是把自己融入一个具有高度组织的大学体系中，这种体系与其国家的体系截然不同。在日常工作中，他要面对哲学、课程安排和教学方法上的差异。访问教授和他的学生在各自的文化方面都缺乏一种共同点，所以外国教授需要明白美国学生已经了解了那些概念。在帮助外国教授使其适应新环境的同时，学校也必须作出某些调整，以充分发挥新人的优势。如何创造性地利用外国教职教员并不总为人所知，特别是在一些较小的学校中。这被认为是需要进一步研究的领域，其研究成果将对拥有外国教职员工的学院和大学产生重大的价值。

　　47. 【答案】H)

　　【解析】选of 。使用外国教师的优点和缺点必须仔细权衡，此处空格填介词of。

　　48. 【答案】C)

　　【解析】选considered。consider意思是“考虑，认为”。使用外国教师的优点和缺点必须仔细权衡，此处用被动语态。

　　49. 【答案】F)

　　【解析】选create。create意思是“产生，制造”。国外的教师资源也会产生些问题。

　　50. 【答案】L)

　　【解析】选however。本句与前一句意思为转折关系，而且转折词在前，因此用连词however。

　　51. 【答案】O)

　　【答案】选that。他必须适应管理严密的大学体系，而这一点是与他国内的大学体系大不相同的。that是指代大学体系。

　　52. 【答案】K)

　　【解析】选lack。所有外来教授和他的学生都缺乏文化共同性。

　　53. 【答案】G)

　　【解析】选required。外来教授需要接受美国学生头脑里已存在的那些概念。

　　54. 【答案】J)

　　【解析】选make。“做些调整”用动词make。大学必须做出适当的调整。

　　55. 【答案】E)

　　【解析】选offer。offer意思是“提供，供应”。

　　56. 【答案】A)

　　【解析】选field。field意思是“领域”。这是一个有待进一步研究的领域。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　原文精译

　　报纸的分类栏目中出现了一种新型的、越来越普遍的小型广告。虽然它不是工作招聘，但有时却被放置在“招聘广告”中;尽管它也不是个人求职，有时却出现在“求职广告”中。它所做的是向申请工作的人提供帮助。

　　“写申请前同我们联系”，或者“利用我们多年的经验来为您精心设计您的简历或工作经历”，这种广告经常这样宣传。当然，这种专业服务的出现和成功是当前高失业率的一种反映，也是简历(或工作经历)日益重要的表现，说明简历现在本身也是一种艺术形式。

　　有一段时间，求职者只是简单地写求职信。当我离开学校时，给首次求职的年轻人提供的一般建议是，“写上你的姓名、地址、年龄以及你是否通过了所有的考试”。信仅仅是写给开启的人的，其他的一切可以或者应该等到面试时再解释。在那些充分就业的日子里，起作用的是技术。求职信证明的是你能写，你可以工作。你充满热切的脸和明智的答复已经表明了其他的一切。

　　后来，随着你的职位的提升，你的求职信中就需要一些稍微复杂的东西。建议你在求职信中增加一些使你与其他人区别开来的内容。它可能是种激进的方式。“不要再搜寻了，我就是你要招聘的那个人”，这是一种广泛使用而且偶尔会成功的伎俩。或者它也可能是一些专门为面试而设计的特点。

　　但是，接受过大学全面教育的求职者越来越多，从而使得简历愈加重要，这一点是毫无疑问的。

　　57. 【答案】B)

　　【解析】 细节题。文章从报纸上刊登的招聘启事小广告说起，说到了高失业率问题以及找工作投递简历等问题。该题有一定难度。根据题干，解答该题应定位在第一段。第一段第二行说“它有时放在‘situations vacant’(招聘)栏目……，”其中招聘加了引号，再加上随后的让步从句明确否定了给人提供工作，所以A)项应排除。第三行说“它有时放在‘situations wanted’(求职)栏目……，”随后的让步从句也明确否定了D)项。而选择正确答案应根据最后一句话“What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.” B)项正确。C)项“把现有的工作分成各种类型”文章没有提及，也应排除。

　　58. 【答案】C)

　　【解析】 细节题。解答该题只需正确理解第二段第二句“The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.”(这种特别服务的出现和成功反映了当今的高失业率。)这正是C)项的内容。该题属“倒着考”题型。

　　59. 【答案】D)

　　【解析】 细节题。最关键的提示句应该是第三段第三句“The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview.”言外之意，在信中不必写得太详细，应该在得到面试机会时再透露更多细节。D)项为正确选项。

　　60. 【答案】A)

　　【解析】 细节题。文章第四段第一行中的“as you moved up the ladder”对应了题干中的“as one went on to apply for more important jobs”。因此，随后的内容即为答案:“Something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.” A)项正确。B)项说“有关申请人个性的隐含信息”，C)项说“申请人申请工作时相对于其他人的优势”，这两项均不正确，D)项表示“用主动积极的方法偶尔玩点花招”，这只是引人关注的其中一种方法，不如A)具有概括性。

　　61. 【答案】B)

　　【解析】细节题。本题问个人履历为什么重要。只要正确理解最后一段，就可做出正确选择，最后一句实际上是强调句型:“...it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.”明确讲明是越来越多的具有大学教育背景的求职者使得个人履历更显重要。“it is”后的内容也即是B)项的内容，所以B)项正确。A)、C)、D)项文中都没有涉及，均应排除。

　　Passage Two

　　原文精译

　　在实行房租管制的城市中，市政府设定了房东出租公寓所收取的最高租金。支持房租管制的人认为，这种措施保护了公寓居住者。房租不增加，他们就不存在没有住房的危险。然而，批评家们认为，长期的房租管制可能会产生负面的影响。房东知道自己不能靠增加房租而赢利，所以他们就转向投资于其他能够赢利的行业，而不会投资建设同样受房租管制的新公寓。结果，新公寓就不会增加，许多需要公寓的人也找不到公寓。批评家们认为，房租管制最终会造成城市公寓的缺乏。

　　有些理论家认为，最低工资法也以同样的方式造成了一些问题。联邦政府规定了雇主必须支付给工人的最低工资额。最低工资为寻找不熟练劳动和低额工资的人提供了帮助。然而，如果最低工资额增长，雇主可能会雇用较少的工人。它们会用机器来代替工人。由于雇主必须支付给工人的工资增加，在其他条件不变的情况下，雇主雇用工人的数量就会减少。因此，批评家们认为，提高最低工资标准可能会导致失业。有些穷人会失业而不是在最低工资水平处就业。

　　支持最低工资的人认为，最低工资有助于人保持自己的尊严。由于受法律限制，工人不能以低于最低工资额的价格出售他们的服务。另外，用人单位也不能强迫工人接受不公平的工资而工作。

　　经济理论预测了经济决策的结果，比如关于农产品、房租管制和最低工资的决定;但是，这些预测仅仅在“其他条件不变的情况下”是正确的。经济学家们在某些预测方面并未取得一致意见。在不同决定的价值方面，他们也存在不同意见。有些经济学家支持某个特别的决定，但另外一些人则对它提出批评。但是，经济学家们都同意，经济问题没有简单的答案。

　　62. 【答案】A)

　　【解析】 细节题。本文讨论了限制最高租房金额以及最低工资等问题，以及相应引起的经济现象。本题问规定最高租金可能会导致什么结果。文章第一段明确指出，landlords(房东)收取租户的租金有了最高限额，他们的利润会受到影响，也可能导致他们投资其他行业，鉴于此，C)、D)两项都是错误的。B)项“使租房为家的人担忧”文中没有涉及，也不对。依据第一段最后一句话“..., the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.”可知A)项为唯一选项。

　　63. 【答案】C)

　　【解析】细节题。依据第一段第四句“However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects.”可断定C)项正确。A)、B)、D)诸项都含绝对意味，都不符合文中意思。

　　64. 【答案】A)

　　【解析】 细节题。解答该题只要准确理解第二段的含义，尤其从第三行开始“However, if the minimum is high,...Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment.”此题较简单。

　　65. 【答案】B)

　　【解析】 主旨题。本文从rent control和最低工资控制两方面讨论了政府控制可能造成的后果。进一步说，许多政府行为可能保护某些利益，但从长远看，也会带来许多问题。B)项正确。A)项说(文章叙述了)供需关系;C)项说(文章叙述了)政府控制的必要性;D)项说(文章叙述了)摆脱政府控制的紧迫性。文章并没有深入谈及这三项内容，显然不能成为文章主旨。

　　66. 【答案】D)

　　【解析】推断题。依据第四段第二行“The predictions may be correct only if ‘other things are equal’.”可得知A)项是对的。从第二段可得知规定最低工资会使得雇主雇佣更少的工人，会考虑用机器替代工人，也就会导致更多的人失业，所以B)项应该是可以成立的说法。C)项的内容实际上就是A)项的另一种说法，也可成立。依据第四段内容，可得知D)项不正确。经济理论应该有相当的参考价值，只是还需考虑方方面面的因素。

　　Part ⅤCloze

　　原文精译

　　对于许多人来说，现在的阅读已经不再是一种放松了。为了继续他们的工作，他们必须阅读信件、报告、贸易出版物、办公室的文件，更不用说报纸和杂志了：永远不会结束的大量的字词。在获得工作或提升时，快速阅读和理解的能力就意味着成功和失败的差别。然而，不幸的是，我们当中的大多数人都不善于阅读。我们大多数人在早期养成了不好的阅读习惯，而且没有将其改掉。主要的困难在于语言的自身要素——词语。除非它们组合成词、句子和段落，单个的词语本身并没有意思。但是，不幸的是，没有受过训练的读者不会阅读词组。他每次都费力地阅读一个词，还经常回头去重读词语或文章。回头重读，就是再返回去看自己

　　已经阅读过的东西，是一种常见的不良阅读习惯。另一种降低阅读速度的习惯是发声阅读——阅读时发声或默读每个单词。

　　为了克服这些坏习惯，一些阅读诊所采用了一种名为快速阅读器的工具，在页面上以预定的速度来移动一行(或者一页)。为了提高读者的阅读速度，设定的一行速度稍微快于读者感觉到舒服的速度。快速阅读器迫使读者加快阅读速度，使其不可能再逐字阅读、回顾文章内容或者默读。首先，理解以牺牲速度为代价。但是，当你学会阅读理念和概念时，你不仅会提高阅读速度，而且会提高理解能力。许多人发现，在经过训练后，他们的阅读能力获得了极大提高。以商务经理人Charlce Au为例，在接受训练前，他合理可靠的阅读速度是每分钟172个单词，现在他的阅读速度提高到每分钟1378个单词。在较短的时间内，他可以阅读完大量的材料，这让他非常欣慰。

　　67. 【答案】D)

　　【解析】本句意思是“谁如果想谋得一份差事”。A)项applying需加for,意思是“申请”;B)项、C)项均不符合题意，只有D)项(获得)适合。

　　68. 【答案】A)

　　【解析】本句意为“快速阅读与理解的能力，是关系到成败的关键所在”只有quickly与原意吻合。easily(容易地);roughly (粗略地);decidedly(果断地)均与原文内容不符。
　　69. 【答案】C)

　　【解析】英语中，阅读速度快的人称为good reader，反之，就是poor reader。根据上下文的内容，多数人都属于poor reader，因此选poor(差的)。其他选项不妥。

　　70. 【答案】B)

　　【解析】此处的意思是“大多数人早期养成看书慢的习惯”因此选habits(习惯)。training (训练，培训);situations(形势);custom(风俗习惯)。

　　71. 【答案】A)

　　【解析】 此处说的是“主要的困难在于语言的自身要素，即单词”。combines联合;touches接触;involves包括，这三项的词义与原文不符。而lies与in构成搭配，意为“在于”。

　　72. 【答案】C)

　　【解析】 这里的意思是“如果单个地看这些字，它们并没有什么意义”。some有点;a lot许多;dull单调的。此三项不合题意。只有little(很少)是否定词，合乎逻辑。

　　73. 【答案】D)

　　【解析】此句意为作者对未受过阅读训练的人不会读句子组合感到遗憾。fortunately幸运地;in fact事实上;logically合乎逻辑地,均不妥。unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句意。

　　74. 【答案】B)

　　【解析】 此句意为“在阅读时经常重读(反复读)”因此，选reread重读。reuse再使用;rewrite重写;recite背诵。

　　75. 【答案】A)

　　【解析】 此处所填的词既是look back over的宾语，又是you have just read的宾语，只有what能充当这种双重成分。

　　76. 【答案】C)

　　【解析】 scales down按比例减少;cuts down削减，此两项不合题意。measures不能与down搭配。只有slow与down搭配的意思“放慢”，在此合适。

　　77. 【答案】B)

　　【解析】 本段前文已经出现you，在此选one(泛指人们、我们、你)来代替you。some one无此用法。如果用reader，前面应加定冠词。he不能与该段逻辑一致。

　　78. 【答案】A)

　　【解析】 此句意为“训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关”，因此选accelerator (快读器)。actor演员;amplifier放大器;observer观察者。

　　79. 【答案】D)

　　【解析】前面的faster决定了应当选than，构成比较级。

　　80. 【答案】C)

　　【解析】 此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度，使你再也不能逐字阅读，回顾前文内容或者默读”。enabling相当于making possible;leading引导;indicating指出，表明。都不合题意。只有making (使，使得)最合适。

　　81. 【答案】B)

　　【解析】 这里的意思是“速读最初会影响理解”，所以选comprehension(理解力)。meaning意义，意思，指词或词组表示的意义;gist大意，要旨;regression回顾。

　　82. 【答案】A)

　　【解析】 与前半句中的not only相呼应，构成句式“不仅……，而且……”，只有选but，而nor,or或for均不能构成固定用法。

　　83. 【答案】C)

　　【解析】 本句中的主语是第三人称复数，物主代词必然是their。

　　84. 【答案】B)

　　【解析】take与后面的for instance构成短语，意为：“以……例”，其他三项不能构成搭配。

　　85. 【答案】D)

　　【解析】 这里提到受训之前与受训之后进行比较、对比，因此选before。

　　86. 【答案】D)

　　【解析】 此处意为：在较短时间内，读完众多的材料。master掌握;go over复习;present呈现，展现。此三项均不妥。只有get through (读完)最恰当。

　　Part ⅥTranslation

　　87. 【答案】would not have finished so early

　　【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气would have done,表示本该发生的事没有发生。本句使用的是否定形式。“but for”表示“要不是……”。

　　88. 【答案】delaying making

　　【解析】本题考查mind的用法，这里应填入的是动名词形式。

　　89. 【答案】to have no access

　　【解析】access这里的意思是“(使用或见到的)机会，权利”，have access to为固定搭配,即“有机会做某事”。本句中使用的是否定。

　　90. 【答案】we may/might as well walk home

　　【解析】本题重点在“不妨”的译法。may as well表示“不妨，最好”。

　　91. 【答案】singing and dancing to their heart’s content

　　【解析】本句需填入的成分在句中起补充说明的作用，因此用动名词形式。“尽情地”译为“to one’s heart’s content”。