2012年大学英语四级语法指导(2)
日期:2012-03-30 11:44

(单词翻译:单击)

短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
  非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)
  句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。
  1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
  A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
  perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;
  to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
  一些特殊的动词:
  第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
  这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
  注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
  forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
  remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
  2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
  A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
  offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
  him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。
  动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
  形容词物主代词:his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。
  第二点:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
  例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
  A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
  A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
  watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用;
  感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
  be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
  2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
  A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
  give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体);
  give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
  3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
  A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
  keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
  keep me informed 使我被告知。
  4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
  A after which B for which C with which D at which
  fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
  I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
  A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
  in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。
  注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
  例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
  A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
  第三点:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是…
  例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
  A making B to make C to have made D having made

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重点单词
  • spiten. 恶意,怨恨 vt. 刁难,伤害
  • extremelyadv. 极其,非常
  • performv. 执行,运转,举行,表演
  • informedadj. 见多识广的 v. 通告,告发 vbl. 通告,
  • informv. 通知,告诉,向 ... 报告,告发