听力训练 Exercise
1. When did Robert Owen start to work?
2. What was the population of New Lanark when Owen arrived there?
3. What did Owen do in 1816?
4. His had a large private library so Owen was able to himself. He read a lot in his spare time and at he was given the job of superintendent(监工) at a Manchester .
5. People came from all over the country to visit Owen's . They saw that the workers were healthier and more than in other towns. Their children were better fed and better . Owen tried the same in the United States.
6. Owen never stopped for his idea. Above all he that people are not good or bad. He was a practical man and his ideas were .

Background Information 背景信息
罗伯特·欧文是一位英国的空想社会主义者，也是一位企业家、慈善家。他是19世纪初最有成就的实业家之一，是一位杰出的管理先驱。人们称他为现代人事管理之父。欧文出生贫寒，当过学徒、店长，后来成为一家工厂的老板，并于1800-1828年间在苏格兰自己的几个纺织厂内进行了空前的试验。

Words & Phrases 词汇与短语
Words 词汇
efficient 有效率的，能干的
practical 实际的
superintendent 监工，主管，负责人
well-made 结实的，做工考究的

Phrases 词组
above all 最重要的是
encourage... to do... 鼓励......做......
fix mind on... 把精力放到......上

keep... under control 把......控制住
persuade...to do...... 劝服......做......
with a population of 有......人口
参考答案
1. In 1781.
2. 2000 people.
3. He opened the first free primary school in Britain.
4. employer, educate, nineteen, cotton mill
5. factory, effcient, educated, experiment
6. fighting for, believed, born, practical
听力原文 Robert Owen
　Robert Owen was born in Wales in 1771. At the age of ten he went to work. His employer had a large private library so Owen was able to educate himself. He read a lot in his spare time and at nineteen he was given the job of superintendent(监工) at a Manchester cotton mill. He was so successful there that he persuaded his employer to buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland.

　When he arrived at New Lanark it was a dirty little town with a population of 2,000 people. Nobody paid any attention to the workers' houses or their children's education. The conditions in the factories were very bad. There was a lot of crime and the men spent most of their wages on alcoholic drinks.

　Owen improved the houses. He encouraged people to be clean and save money. He opened a shop and sold the workers cheap, well-made goods to help them. He limited the sale of alcoholic drinks. Above all, he fixed his mind on the children's education. In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.

　People came from all over the country to visit Owen's factory. They saw that the workers were healthier and more efficient than in other towns. Their children were better fed and better educated. Owen tried the same experiment in the United States. He bought some land there in 1825,but the community was too far away. He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.

　Owen never stopped fighting for his idea. Above all he believed that people are not born good or bad. He was a practical man and his ideas were practical. "If you give people good working conditions," he thought, "they will work well and, the most important thing of all, if you give them the chance to learn, they will be better people."

参考译文

罗伯特·欧文于1771年出生于威尔士。十岁起，欧文就开始参加工作。他的老板有一个很大的私人藏书馆，这给欧文提供了自学的条件。他在业余时间读了很多书，在十九岁那年，他被提升为曼切斯特一家纺织厂的主管。在那段时间，欧文工作出色，并说服他老板购买下苏格兰的新拉纳克纺织厂。

欧文刚到新拉纳克时，那儿仅是一个有着两千人口的脏兮兮的小镇。没有人会在意工人的居住环境以及他们子女的受教育情况。工人条件很差，常常会有犯罪活动，男人们把大部分收入都花在了酗酒上。

欧文改善了住房条件，他鼓励人们要注意清洁和节约。他开了一家商店，以低价卖给工人们高质量的货物来帮助他们，并限制酒的销售。最重要的是，他重视孩子们的受教育情况。1816年，他在英国开办了第一所免费小学。

全英国的人都来参观欧文的工厂。他们发现这里的工人比其他城镇上的工人更健康，工作效率更高。这些工人的孩子们吃得好而且有教养。随后欧文在美国也做了同样的尝试，1852年，他在那儿购置了一些地，但是由于离美国太远，欧文不能时时监控管理，因而他损失了一大笔钱。

欧文从未放弃努力实现他的理想，首先他坚信人们生来是没有好坏之分的。欧文想法现实，注重实践。他认为；如果给工人们提供良好的工作环境，他们会更好地工作。最重要的是，如果你给他们提供学习的机会，他们就会成为很出色的人才。