听力训练Exercise

1. What is this passage mainly talking about?
2. What have been told to be important to a child's success in life?
3. What sort of kids did better on test?
4. Child experts are now learning that too much can lead to the effect. Praise-holic kids who expect it may become teens who seek to same kind of from friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.
5. The of saying "You are the prettiest girl in class," or talking about the goals she succeeded but not her effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, or the most. And this to the classroom.
6. "Praising or abilities makes a promise that success will come to you because you have that , and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on , "says Dweck, now at Stanford University.

Background Information 背景信息

赞扬孩子作为一种良好的教育手段，近十年来已被家长所广泛认同和运用。然而，如何赞扬，看似简单易行，其实包含着很多的学问。据调查研究，最低劣有害的赞扬有以下几种：

啧啧！你这书包是名牌！（赞扬物品，只会让孩子滋长虚荣心。）
啊！你拿了全班第一，顶呱呱！（分数最高的，未必就是最优秀的。）
你真聪明！（聪明是先天的，并非一种技能。如此赞扬很容易误导孩子变得懒惰。）
你长的真漂亮！（漂亮是父母所赐，非孩子之功。这是最为低劣的赞扬，它容易使孩子陷入自赏自怜、沉溺无为的境地。）

Words & Phrases 词汇与短语
Words
devalue 贬值，减值
implication 含义，暗示
over-praise 过度称赞，过奖
self-respect 自尊，自重

Phrases
be more likely to 更可能
carry over… 继续，延期至……
overall effort 全部的努力
praised for… 因……被表扬
take on承担，呈现

听力答案
1. Encouragement and praise-holic.
2. Encouraging a child's self-respect.
3. Kids praised for "trying hard".
4. praise, opposite, at every turn, approval
5. implication, overall, achieves, carries over
6. attributes, false, quality, challenges

听力原文
For years we have been told that encouraging a child's self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-holic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek to same kind of approval from friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.
　　
　　The implication(含义) of saying "You are the prettiest girl in class," or talking about the goals she succeeded but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, or achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.
　　
　　Social psychologist Carrol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of over-praise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for "trying hard" did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being "smart".
　　
　　"Praising attributes(品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges, " says Dweck, now at Stanford University, "They figure they'd better quit while they're ahead."

参考译文

嗜赞成瘾
多年来我们都被告知，鼓励孩子的自尊心对其一生的成功非常重要。但是儿童专家最近发现，过度称赞会适得其反。过分依赖被称赞，常常期待被称赞的孩子到了十几岁，当被问及是否愿意进入汽车后座时，还会希望从朋友那里得到相同的认可。

说你是班里最漂亮的女孩或是谈论她完成了目标但没有付出全部努力时，其实是在暗示只有她外表好看、成就丰硕时，你才爱她。而且整个班级都会被影响。

社会心理学家卡罗尔?德韦克博士在哥伦比亚大学时，以400名五年级学生为对象进行了过度称赞效应实验。她发现，比起被称赞为聪明的孩子，被称赞为努力的孩子在测试中表现得更好，而且更能承担难度大的任务。

目前在斯坦福大学工作的德韦克说，对特质或能力的称赞会给人错误的预期，即以为成功会眷顾你是因为你有某种特质，这样等于贬低了努力的价值，导致孩子们害怕应对挑战，他们认为自己应该见好就收。