听力训练Exercise

1. What may new urban hybrid languages help to do while many rural languages are going extinct?
2. According to the passage, what are losing their practical use?
3. How many of journal literature in some scientific fields is printed in English?
4. Scott Montgomery- a Seattle-based geologist and of The Chicago Guide to Science—shows that English has itself as the world language for science.
5. Montgomery the future will almost certainly see a continued of English use in science, in international settings, though not to the final of other tongues.
6. More and more scientists who are non-native of English will need to multilingual," Montgomery said. " This an educational burden in some sense, but one that has much precedent in the cases of Greek, medieval Latin, and medieval Arabic.

Background Information 背景信息

依据美国刚刚出版的《世界年鉴及事件》，在全球十大语言中，北京普通话是全球使用人数最多的语言，约有八亿七千四百万人，印度语以三亿六千六百人排第二，英语则以三亿四千万人排第三。随后是西班牙语的三亿两千两百万人，孟加拉语两亿零七百万人，阿拉伯语两亿零一百万人，葡萄牙语一亿七千六百万人，俄语一亿六千七百万人，日语一亿两千五百万人及德语一亿人。

英语居联合国的五种官方语言之首，也是世界上的通用语言，由于普遍流行，经常被误认为是当今世界上使用人口最多的语种。

Words & Phrases
词汇与短语

Words:
diversity 差异，多样性
geologist 地质学者
hybrid 混合的
medieval 中世纪的
multilingual 使用多语种语言的

precedent 先例
preferred 首选的
solidarity 团结
spawn 大量生产；产卵

Phrases:
around the world 全世界
go extinct 趋于灭绝
in some sense 在某种意义上

听力答案
1. Maintain global diversity.
2. Some traditional languages.
3. More than 90 percent.
4. author, Communicating, established, preferred
5. believes, expansion, especially, exclusion
6. speakers, become, constitutes, historical, ancient

听力原文
Science's Lingua Franca
While many rural languages are going extinct, new urban hybrid languages may help to maintain global diversity. Hundreds of new forms of English have already been spawned around the world.

Some traditional languages are losing their practical use as much communication—economic, cultural, and political—becomes international. "Swedish, like many European languages, is now more a local language of solidarity than one for science, university education, or European communication,"

Scott Montgomery- a Seattle-based geologist and author of The Chicago Guide to Communication Science—shows that English has established itself as the preferred world language for science.

"Because of its scale and dynamism, science has become the most active and dynamic creator of new language in the world today. And most of this creation is occurring in English, the lingua franca of scientific effort," Montgomery said.

Montgomery believes the future will almost certainly see a continued expansion of English use in science, especially in international settings, though not to the final exclusion of other tongues. Already, more than 90 percent of journal literature in some scientific fields is printed in English.

"More and more scientists who are non-native speakers of English will need to become multilingual," Montgomery said. " This constitutes an educational burden in some sense, but one that has much historical precedent in the cases of ancient Greek, medieval Latin, and medieval Arabic."

参考译文
科学通用语

虽然很多方言逐渐濒临灭绝，但是新的城市通用语言可以维系全球语言的多样性，数百种英语新形式已在全世界诞生。

一些传统语言由于许多交流(经济的、文化的、政治的)的国际化而渐渐失去了实际用途。像很多欧洲语言一样,瑞典语现在已不仅仅是科学、大学教育或欧洲人交流用的语言，而是成为地方团结的语言。

斯科特·蒙哥马利——西雅图地质学者和《芝加哥传播学指南》的作者——的研究显示，英语已成为科学界的首选世界语言。

由于其规模和活力，科学已经成为当今世界最活跃且最有活力的新语言的创造者。而大多数这样的产物都使用英语，英语是科研活动的通用语。蒙哥马利说。
蒙哥马利认为，今后英语在科学中的运用几乎肯定会继续扩展，特别是在国际背景下，虽然最终不会排除其他方言。而且在某些科学领域，已有超过90%的文学期刊是用英语出版的。

越来越多的非英语国家的科学家需要会多国语言， 蒙哥马利说，这在某种意义上造成了教育的负担，但在古希腊语，中世纪拉丁文和阿拉伯语已有许多历史先例。