(单词翻译:单击)
2.2.2 词汇短语搭配
完形填空中对词的考查以实词为主，如形容词、动词、副词等。其中有相当一部分词汇题中各个选项之间并无大的联系。这类题应从上下文的语义入手，根据各选项单词的意思和结构进行选择。
1. 注意动词自身的结构功能
对动词来说，一般从两点设干扰项，一是动词的结构功能，如能不能接宾语，接什么样的宾语，能不能接复合宾语；二是上下文的语义要求。有相当部分选择题只从结构上就可做出正确的判断。
2. 注意分析动词所包含的肯定/否定含义与上下文的关系
在做动词选择题时，除观察动词自身的结构功能之外，还应注意其语 义特点，比如，有的单词含有肯定含义，有的却有否定的含义。考试时应分析具体的上下文。
3. 注意分析上下文的情景
结构是为意思服务的，在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能是很难判断的，应注意分析上下文的情景。对于行为动词的选择应想象当时所发生的事情，根据"目睹的所发生的事情"进行选择。
4. 注意上下句的联系，不要孤立地根据一句进行判断
完形填空不同于"词汇语法填空"之处就于，在完形填空所依赖的上下文比词汇语法填空要大的多。在做完形填空时，必须仔细阅读上下文，切不可只凭一句的提示进行判断。
5. 注意词汇与话题的同现
每个单词都有其适应的空间，其适合的话题，与同一话题相连的单词就构 成了一个以话题为中心的词汇链。在做完形填空时可以借助词汇链的知识帮助完成选择。
6. 注意介词的表意功能和搭配功能
完形填空中涉及到介词选择的有两种：一种是常用介词的基本用法； 另一种是与介词有关的搭配，测试中以搭配居多，也有部分常用介词用法的考查。在做这类考题时将介词选项的表意功能与上下文结合起来即可。
7. 根据代词在上下文中的替代作用选择适当的代词
就代词而言，重点是看其在上下文中的替代作用，同时要特别注意that, one等的运用。
8. 注意词语的搭配，根据搭配选择正确答案，注意常用短语动词的辨认，注意动词与名词、介词和副词的搭配功能。
9. 注意区分同义词、近义词和形似词
近几年的四级英语考试对同义词、近义词和形似词的测试逐渐增多。一般四个选项中至少有两个为近义词。对于这类考题，除具备一定的词语辨析的能力外，主要是看上下文的语义关系。
10. 运用语法知识
下面看一个例子：
| A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men— 4 individuals who could invent machines, find new 5 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. The men who 6 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 7 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 8 inventors than scientists. A man who is a 9 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10 . He is not necessarily working 11 that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is 12 trying to make something that had a concrete 13 . He may try to solve a problem by using the theories 14 science or by experimenting though trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16 other objectives. Most of the people who 17 the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors nor trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 18 or no training in science night not have made their inventions 19 a ground-work had not been laid by scientists years 20 . | 1. A) cases B) reasons C) factors D) situations 2. A) But B) And C) Besides D) Even 3. A) else B)near C)extra D) similar 4.A)generating B)effective C) motivating D) creative 5. A) origins B) sources C) bases D) discoveries 6.A) employed B) created C) operated D) controlled 7.A) came B) arrived C) stemmed D) appeared 8.A) less C)more B)better D)worse 9.A)genuine C)pure B)practical D)clever 10.A)happily C)reluctantly B)occasionally D)accurately 11.A)now C)all B)and D)so 12.A)seldom C)usually B)sometimes D)never 13.A)plan C)idea B)use D)means 14.A)of C) to B)with D)as 15.A)single C) specialized B)sole D)specific 16.A)few C)many B)those D)all 17.A)proposed C)supplied B)developed D)offered 18.A)little C)some B)much D)any 19.A)as C)because B)if D) while 20.A)ago C)ahead B)past D)before |
本文讲述的是发明家和从事应用科学研究的人在早年英国工业革命中所起的作用。第一,四,五题都是测试根据上下文选择词义的能力.第一题讲到英国 “未受战争创伤, 拥有巨大的财富, 丰富的自然资源和充足的劳力, 而这些在促使英国成为工业革命中心的过程都是重要因素”。 这里需要的是表示 “因素” 这类意思的词, 选项 C) factors正符合这个意思, 因而是答案. 第四题从下半句中的 “发明机器, 发现新能源, 建立商业机构” 等描述可以判断这类人应该是 “有创造性的”, 因而答案是 D) creative“有创造性的”。 第五题需要的是一个表示 “资源” 意思的名词, 答案很明显是 B) sources“资源。
