2010年6月大学英语四级考试全真预测(三)

　　Part IWriting(30 minutes)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Dormitory Life . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

　　1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。

　　2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。

　　3. 宿舍生活利与弊。

　【写作思路】

　　要求写一篇关于宿舍生活的议论文。主要写宿舍生活与家庭生活的区别，以及宿舍生活的利与弊。

　　【参考范文】

　　Dormitory Life

　　For most university students, dormitory life is a new experience. Most students have never lived far away from their parents before coming to university. They have always had their parents to depend on for advice and guidance, and when they become university students, their lives begin to change.

　　There are striking difference between home life and dormitory life. Students must begin to be responsible for their own action. They must depend on themselves to get up in the morning on time for class, to eat properly, to keep their clothes and themselves clean, and to set aside an appropriate amount of time for study and relaxation. They must also learn to take care of their money, making sure to preserve enough for both necessities and for fun.

　　In general, there are both good and bad points about life in students’ dormitory. Often, dormitory rooms are small and crowded. This lack of space can limit one’s privacy and make it difficult for students to concentrate on their studies. On the other hand, in a dormitory, students have a great deal more freedom than they might have at home. They can act according to their own will and desire than to that of parents.

快速阅读

　If it weren’t for nicotine, people wouldn’t smoke tobacco. Why? Because of the more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the primary one that acts on the brain, altering people’s moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial. Unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. Once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes several dozen times a day. Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens, which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illnesses.

Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the smoker’s brain and very being?

The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drug and smokers, and even some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. One is enhance performance. One study found that non-smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. To greater or lesser degrees, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce anxiety, relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites (thus helping in weight control).

Unfortunately, nicotine can also produce deleterious effects beyond addiction. At high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia.

　First isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form nicotine is a clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. It is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, perhaps surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant (though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans).

　As simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn’t released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. Ammonia helps keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporised by the intense heat of the burning cigarette than the acidic form. Most cigarettes for sale in the US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporised nicotine per cigarette. Today we know that only a miniscule amount of nicotine is needed to fuel addiction. Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. When a smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporised nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. The skin and lining of the mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. While most of the effects a smoker seeks occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. Studies have shown that a smoker’s first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed, snorted (such as cocaine powder) or even injected. Indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10
seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out into capillaries within the brain.

Capillaries normally carry nutrients but they readily accommodate nicotine molecules as well. Once inside the brain, nicotine, like most addictive drugs, triggers the release of chemicals associated with euphoria and pleasure.

　Just as it moves rapidly from the lungs into the bloodstream, nicotine also easily diffuses through capillary walls. It then migrates to the spaces surrounding neurones – ganglion cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the nervous system. These impulses are the basis for our thoughts, feelings, and moods. To transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. Like nicotine molecules, the neurotransmitters drift into the so-called synaptic space between neurones, ready to latch onto the receiving neurone and thus deliver a chemical “message” that triggers an electrical impulse.

　The neurotransmitters bind onto receptors on the surface of the recipient neurone. This opens channels in the cell surface through which enter ions, or charged atoms, of sodium. This generates a current across the membrane of the receiving cell, which completes delivery of the “message”. An accomplished mimic, nicotine competes with the neurotransmitters to bind to the receptors. It wins and, like the vanquished chemical, opens ion channels that let sodium ions into the cell. But there’s a lot more nicotine around than the original transmitter, so a much larger current spreads across the membrane. This bigger current causes increased electrical impulses to travel along certain neurones. With repeated smoking, the neurones adapt to this increased electrical activity, and the smoker becomes dependent on the nicotine.

Questions 1 – 7

1. Although nicotine is probably the well-known chemical in cigarettes, it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked.

2. In spite of the difficulties, according to the text more than thirty-five million people a year give up smoking.

3. It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve people’s abilities to perform some actions more quickly.

4. Added ammonia in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine.

5. Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances.

6. Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body.

7. Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurones.

8. Cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by _________ to prevent them from being addictive.

9. According to the passage, a cigarette can raise a smoker’s heart rate by _________ a minute.

10. In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone sends _________ known as neurotransmitters.

参考答案

1. N　2. N　3. Y　4. Y　5. N　6. N　7. Y

8. 95% 9. 10-20 beats　 10. chemical messengers

Part IIIListening Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　11.[A]The woman shouldn’t be so anxious. [B]The woman is already an hour late.

　　[C]The woman is waiting to be interviewed. [D]The man is too nervous to calm down.

　　12.[A]She is sure who is going to win. [B]Now it is a good time to start the game.

　　[C]The game has been going on for a long time. [D]The same team always wins.

　　13.[A]They are pleased with their new automobile.

　　[B]They use different transportation everyday.

　　[C]They don’t normally drive on this route.

　　[D]They will have to change buses again.

　　14.[A]Do her homework. [B]Clean the backyard.

　　[C]Wash clothes. [D]Enjoy the beautiful day.

　　15.[A]He is sick. [B]He is worried.

　　[C]He is confident. [D]He is angry.

　　16.[A]Patient and nurse. [B]Wife and husband.

　　[C]Diner and waitress. [D]Customer and shop assistant.

　　17.[A]Margaret wanted to return some magazines to the woman.

　　[B]Margaret wanted to lend some magazines to the woman.

　　[C]Margaret wanted to borrow some magazines from the woman.

　　[D]Margaret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman.

　　18.[A]She thinks that the man is strange.

　　[B]She wants the policeman to protect her.

　　[C]She does not know how to get to the nearest hotel.

　　[D]She does not know how to talk with a stranger.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19.[A]To Colorado. [B]To Arizona.

　　[C]To the Nile River. [D]To the Museum of Natural History.

　　20.[A]Archaeological. [B]Biological.

　　[C]Meteorological. [D]Sociological.

　　21.[A]In a cave. [B]In a river.

　　[C]In a tree. [D]In a boat.

　　22.[A]Solve a mystery. [B]See the canyon.

　　[C]Find some driftwood. [D]Take some photographs.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23.[A]Astronauts’ clothing. [B]Products made in space.

　　[C]Costume jewelry. [D]Problems in manufacturing.

　　24.[A]Medical research. [B]Ballpoint pens.

　　[C]Children’s games. [D]Jewelry settings.

　　25.[A]To produce them more cheaply. [B]To keep them a uniform size.

　　[C]To make them lighter. [D]To make them perfectly round.

　　听力原文及答案

　　11.M:You still have an hour to wait, so relax.

　　W:Relax? How can I when I’m so anxious about the interview?

　　Q:What do we learn from the conversation?

　　【解析】[C]女士说对于面试，她这么紧张，叫她如何放松得下来。四个选项中只有女士在等待面试是正确选项。

　　12.M:Let’s see if the basketball game has started yet.

　　W:Started? It must be clear who is winning by now.

　　Q:What does the woman mean?

　　【解析】[C]男士说：让我们看看篮球赛开始了没有。女士说：开始?现在可能都已经知道谁赢了。由此可见，球赛已经开始很长时间了。The game has been going on for a long time.

　　13.M:I’m glad you suggest a driving this way today.

　　W:Isn’t it nice to have a change in your routine?

　　Q:What do we learn from the woman’s response?

　　【解析】[C]男士说：很高兴你今天建议走这条路。女士说：在每天的老套上做一点改变不是很好么。说明他们平常是不怎么走这条路的。They don’t normally drive on this route.

　　14.M:It’s such a beautiful day. Why not sit out in the backyard for a while and enjoy it?

　　W:I’d love to. But there’s a lot of laundry to do.

　　Q:What will the woman probably do?

　　【解析】[C]本题关键词在于laundry,意为要洗的衣服。男士说:天气很好，建议到后院坐一坐。女士说:我很想去，但是有一大堆衣服要洗。可见，女士会去洗衣服。

　　15.W:How did your interview go?

　　M:I can’t feel better about it! The questions were very fair, and I seemed to find an answer for all of them.

　　Q:What’s the man’s attitude about the interview?

　　【解析】[C]关键在于听出I can’t feel better about it! 女士问：你的面试怎么样了?男士说：我不能觉得更好了，所有问题都很清楚，我似乎知道所有的答案。由此可见，男士对他的面试充满自信。

　　16.W:Oh my goodness! I’ve spilled the soup all over the kitchen floor.

　　M:I’ll get the mop and clean the floor for you.

　　Q:What is likely the relation between them?

　　【解析】[B]本题问的是说话人双方是什么关系。女士说：天哪，我把汤洒了厨房一地。男士说：我来拿拖把擦。很显然，两人是夫妻关系。

　　17.M:Why did Margaret call yesterday?

　　W:She wanted to pick up some magazines she lent me.

　　Q:What do we learn from the conversation?

　　【解析】[D]男士问：玛格丽特昨天打电话来干什么?女士回答说：她想拿回她借给我的杂志。因此，正确答案为Margaret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman.

　　18.M:Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?

　　W:Sorry, I’m a stranger here. There’s a policeman over there. Why don’t you ask him?

　　Q:What do we learn about this woman from the conversation?

　　【解析】[C]听出I’m a stranger即可得出答案。男士问：您能告诉我最近的旅馆在哪儿吗?女士说：对不起，我也是外地人。那儿有个警察，为什么不问问他。由此可见，这个女士也不知道最近的旅馆在哪儿。

　　Now you’ll hear two long conversations.

　　Conversation One

　　M: It’s good to see you back. How was your trip to Arizona? Did you see the Grand Canyon?

　　W:Yes, it was fantastic. Now I know why it’s listed together with the Nile River as one of the great natural wonders of the world. Here, want to see the pictures I took?

　　M:Oh, what a view! It’s even bigger than I had imagined. I remember reading about the Grand Canyon and I think it’s said that it was formed suddenly when the earth’s crust split open during an earthquake.

　　W:Well, not that quickly. Look! Here is a picture of the Colorado River. See way down at the bottom of the Canyon? That river and its tributaries have been wearing the Canyon’s floor away for 10 million years.

　　M:Then the Canyon is the result of swale erosion. I’ll bet the geologists have made some interesting discoveries there.

　　W:Not only the geologists, archaeologists have found the bones of extinct animals in caves and canyon walls. In the cave 140 feet above the river, they found driftwood that dates back as far as 37,000 years.

　　M:That means the river must have been 140 feet higher up when it carried the driftwood into the cave.

　　W:It’s very possible. But of course, who knows, the Grand Canyon is full of mysteries. Wouldn’t you like to Arizona someday?

　　M: You bet I would.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19.Where has the woman been?

　　【解析】[B]对话开头就给出了本题的答案。男士：How was your trip to Arizona?由此可见，女士刚刚从Arizona旅行回来。因此，选择B项。

　　20.What type of scientific discoveries does the woman mainly talk about?

　　【解析】[A]女士的话提到了：Not only the geologists, archaeologists have found the bones of extinct animals in caves and canyon walls.接着就主要说了考古学者在大峡谷的发现。

　　21.Where does the woman say the driftwood was found?

　　【解析】[A]本题亦可在对话中直接听出答案。女士说：In the cave 140 feet above the river, they found driftwood that dates back as far as 37,000 years. 因此，是在洞穴里发现漂流木的。

　　22.What would the man like to do someday?

　　【解析】[B]女士问：大峡谷充满了神秘，你以后会去亚利桑那州么?男士说：当然会去了。由此可见，男士也会去大峡谷游览。

　　Conversation Two

　　M: Did you know that astronauts have made commercial products in space?

　　W:No, I wasn’t aware of that. What kind of products?

　　M:Tiny plastic beads.

　　W:Beads? Do you mean to tell me that astronauts have nothing better to do than make jewelry beads in space? It seems to me they can make more useful things out there.

　　M:Oh, but these plastic beads aren’t for jewelry. They can be used for many scientific purposes, from conducting cancer research to calibrating microscopes.

　　W:That sounds better. But why make such objects in space rather than on earth?

　　M:Because earth’s gravitational pull affects the beads. The beads on earth are distorted, not exactly round. The ones made in space are precise spheres.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23.What are the speakers mainly discussing?

　　【解析】[B]从对话的开头就可以看出astronauts have made commercial products in space，主要讨论的就是在太空中生产的产品。

　　24.According to the conversation, what is a likely use for the beads?

　　【解析】[A]They can be used for many scientific purposes, from conducting cancer research to calibrating microscopes.从可作癌症研究的用途中能看出可作医学研究。

　　25.According to the man, why did astronauts make beads in space?

　　【解析】[D]因为地球引力作用使球不纯圆。The beads on earth are distorted, not exactly round.在太空中做的球会非常圆。

Section B

　　Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26.[A]He was good at writing about interesting people.

　 　[B]It was much easier to write stories about people.

　 　[C]He believed that people like to read about other people.

　　 [D]He thought people played an important role in world events.

　　27.[A]Action. [B]World News.

　　 [C]Enterprise. [D]Faces and Places.

　　28.[A]He is a sportsman. [B]He is an actor.

　　 [C]He is a photographer. [D]He is a publisher.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29.[A]Beauty. [B]Loyalty.

　 　[C]Luck. [D]Durability.

　　30.[A]He wanted to follow the tradition of his country.

　　 [B]He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage.

　 　[C]It was thought that a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart.

　 　[D]It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck.

　　31.[A]The two people can learn about each other’s likes and dislikes.

　 　[B]The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match.

　　 [C]The two people can have time to shop for their new home.

　　 [D]The two people can earn enough money for their wedding.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32.[A]It had many problems.

　 　[B]It was the most democratic country in the world.

　　 [C]It was fair to women.

　　 [D]It had some minor problems to solve.

　　33.[A]The women of some states.

　　 [B]The women in the state of Wyoming only.

　 　[C]The members of the National Women’s Association.

　　 [D]The women in the state of Massachusetts only.

　　34.[A]At the very beginning of the 20th century.

　　 [B]At the end of the 19th century.

　 　[C]After Susan Anthony’s death.

　 　[D]Just before Susan Anthony’s death.

　　35.[A]She worked on the draft of the American Constitution.

　 　[B]She was the chairman of the National Women’s Association.

　　 [C]She was born in New York and died in Massachusetts.

　　 [D]She was an activist in the women’s movement for equal rights.

　　听力原文及答案

　　Passage One

　　Mr. Foster started his publishing business with only one magazine. It was called “World News”. Mostly it had summaries of important week events from around the world. But it always included one or two stories about interesting people. Mr. Foster put these in because he believed all people like to read about other people. Several years ago, Mr. Foster started two other magazines. One was called “Enterprise”. It is for business people. And the other was called “Action”, for sportsmen. Like “World News”, they always have two or three stories about interesting people. Five years ago. Mr. Foster got another idea for a magazine. He wanted this one to have even more stories about people than the others and to have more photographs. This one was named “Faces and Places”. From the very beginning, it was a big success.

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26.Why did Mr. Foster add stories about interesting people to the magazine “World News”?

　　【解析】[C]Mr. Foster put these in because he believed all people like to read about other people.他认为人们更喜欢读有关他人的信息。

　　27.Which magazine is a sportsman most likely to buy?

　　【解析】[A]本题文中直接可见答案。And the other was called “Action”, for sportsmen.因此可见，运动员最可能买的杂志是Action。

　　28.What is Mr. Foster’s profession?

　　【解析】[D]根据首句“Mr. Foster started his publishing business...”可知，福斯特先生是个出版商。He is a publisher.

　　Passage Two

　　The period of engagement is the time between the marriage proposal and the wedding ceremony. Two people agree to marry when they decide to spend their lives together. The man usually gives the woman a diamond engagement ring? That tradition is said to have started when an Austrian man gave a diamond ring to the woman he wanted to marry. The diamond represented beauty. He placed it on the third finger of her left hand. He chose that finger because it was thought that a blood vessel in that finger went directly to the heart. Today, we know that this is not true. Yet the tradition continues.

　　Americans generally are engaged for a period of about one year if they are planning a wedding ceremony and party. During the time, friends of the bride may hold a party at which women friends and family members give the bride gifts that she will need as a wife. These could include cooking equipment or new clothing.

　　Friends of the man who is getting married may have a bachelor party for him. This usually takes place the night before the wedding. Only men are invited to the bachelor party.

　　During the marriage ceremony, the bride and her would-be husband usually exchange gold rings that represent the idea that their union will continue forever. The wife often wears both the wedding ring and engagement ring on the same finger. The husband wears his ring on the third finger of his left hand.

　　Many people say the purpose of the engagement period is to permit enough time to plan the wedding. But the main purpose is to let enough time pass so the two people are sure they want to marry each other. Either person may decide to break the engagement. If this happens, the woman usually returns the ring to the man; they also return any wedding gifts they have received.

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29.What was the diamond ring said to represent?

　　【解析】[A]本题可在文中直接听出答案。The diamond represented beauty.钻石戒指代表美丽。

　　30.Why did the Austrian man place the diamond ring on the third finger of the left hand of his would-be wife?

　　【解析】[C]他将戒指戴在未婚妻的左手第三个手指上是因为他认为，这个手指的血管是直接通到心脏的。He chose that finger because it was thought that a blood vessel in that finger went directly to the heart.因此可见，正确

答案为It was thought that a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart.

　　31.What is the chief advantage of having the engagement period?

　　【解析】[B] 许多人认为订婚之后这段时间是为了有足够的时间准备婚礼。但事实上，是让两个人都有充足的时间考虑今生将与对方携手度过。Many people say the purpose of the engagement period is to permit enough time to plan the wedding .But the main purpose is to let enough time pass so the two people are sure they want to marry each other.

　　Passage Three

　　Susan Anthony was born in Massachusetts in 1820 and died in Rochester, New York, in 1906. In the 1850s, she saw many problems in her country and wanted to do something about them. One of these problems was that women did not have the right to vote in the United States. Susan Anthony and many others felt that women and men should have equal rights. In 1869 she helped start the National Women’s Association. This group worked hard to get women the right to vote in the United States.

　　In 1869, the state of Wyoming gave women the right to vote. Some other states also allowed women to vote. But Susan Anthony and the National American Women’s Association wanted all women to have the right to vote. They worked to add this to the constitution of the United States. Finally, in 1920, fourteen years after Susan Anthony’s death, an article was added to the Constitution. It gave all American women the right to vote.

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32.What did Susan Anthony think about her country?

　　【解析】[A]苏珊看到了美国很多的问题并且希望为此做些什么。In the 1850s, she saw many problems in her country and wanted to do something about them. 在十九世纪五十年代，苏珊认为她的国家存在很多问题。

　　33.Who among the American women had the right to vote before 1920?

　　【解析】[A]怀俄明州以及美国部分州的妇女拥有投票权。In 1869, the state of Wyoming gave women the right to vote. Some other states also allowed women to vote.

　　34.When did all women finally get the right to vote in the United States?

　　【解析】[C]文中最后一句给出了本题的答案。1920年一项条款写进了宪法，它赋予了所有美国妇女选举的权利。

　　35. What do we learn about Susan Anthony from the passage?

　　【解析】[D]苏珊是个一直在为女性争取平等权利的人。因此，答案是She was an activist in the women’s movement for equal rights.

　Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy source recently. However, it (36)

　　will become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling (37) of natural gas and oil. Although coal (38) to be black, it actually has black, yellow, orange, and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope.

　　Coal probably was formed about 300 million years ago by (39) trees and other plant life growing in (40) . These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen, hydrogen, and (41) . As the earth changed its (42) , the weight of the ground (43) down on the trees and plants. Thus seams of coal were formed.

　　(44) . Strip mining is quicker and safer than underground mining, but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. (45) . While both underground and strip mines still can be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were. (46) . Many of today’s coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite safe and very important.

　　36.【答案】undoubtedly

　　【解析】undoubtedly意为“毋庸置疑地，的确”。煤毋庸置疑将成为重要的能源。

　　37.【答案】supplies

　　【解析】supply意为“供应，供给”。由于天然气和石油资源供应的逐渐减少，煤毋庸置疑将成为重要的能源。

　　38.【答案】appears

　　【解析】appear意为“出现，看来，似乎”。虽然煤看似是黑色的，但是在高倍显微镜下，它还有黄色，橘色和红色。

　　39.【答案】giant

　　【解析】giant意为“巨大的”。煤大约形成于三亿年前，由巨大的树木和沼泽里的其他植物形成的。

　　40.【答案】swamps

　　【解析】swamp意为“沼泽”。煤大约形成于三亿年前，由巨大的树木和沼泽里的其他植物形成的。

　　41.【答案】carbon

　　【解析】carbon意为“碳”。它们包含的元素有氧、氢以及碳。

　　42.【答案】shape

　　【解析】shape意为“形状，形态”。随着地表形态的改变，树木和植物被埋在地下。

　　43.【答案】pressed

　　【解析】press 意为“压，挤压”。地表的压力作用于树木和植物之上。

　　44. 【答案】Coal can be taken from underground mines found deep in the earth or from strip mines which are found near the earth?s surface

　　45.【答案】Although miners still are needed in any coal mining operation, today heavy machinery does much of the hard work

　　46.【答案】The coal miners of today owe much to the union to which they belong the United Mine Workers of America

　阅读理解

Section A

　　Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps 47 the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, distributing reading material and giving out 48 .The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and wonders what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture 49 notes which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the 50 to understand.

　　Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to develop the skills they need to be 51 listeners and note-takers. If these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which 52 learners to practice these skills independently. In all cases it is important to 53 the problem before actually starting your studies.

　　It is important to 54 that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills required in college study. One way of 55 these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year. Another basic 56 is to find a study partner with whom it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.

　　[A]with [F]enable [K]assignments

　　[B]effective [G]acknowledge [L]information

　　[C]strategy [H]illustrating [M]average

　　[D]tackle [I]sustain [N]advocate

　　[E]students [J]ignore [O]overcoming

　　【全文翻译】

　　许多学生认为，参加大学的讲座是一种令人困惑和沮丧的经历。老师会花一两个小时用幻灯片来解释讲课的内容，写出一些重要的信息，散发一些阅读材料，布置作业。新生看着其他学生不停地在笔记本上做笔记，而不知道要记些什么。通常学生听完讲座，却记了一些抓不住重点的笔记，连他们自己也不明白。

　　大部分学校都会开设一些课程，帮助新生培养有效听课和记笔记所需的技能。如果没有这些课程，有许多有益的学习方法，能够使初学者独立地掌握这些技能。通常，学生在开始学习之前，就应该解决这种听课技能的问题。

　　承认大多数学生在获取大学学习所需要的语言技能方面有困难，这是很重要的。克服这些困难的一种方法是，参加学习语言和学习技能课程，许多学校常年都会开设这样的课程。另一种基本的方案或者策略是找一个学习的伙伴，这样可以与他一起发现困难、交流想法和互相提供帮助。

　　【答案解析】

　　47.【解析】[H]选illustrating。此处意为“老师会花一两个小时用幻灯来解释讲课的内容，写出一些重要的信息,散发一些阅读材料,布置作业”。illustrate用图解说明，举例说明。

　　48.【解析】[K]选assignments。assignments作业，任务。

　　49.【解析】[A]选with。with结构在此表示伴随的结果，说明学生听完讲座却记了一些抓不住重点的笔记。

　　50.【解析】[E]选students。此句意为：学生记下的笔记连自己也无法明白。

　　51.【解析】[B]选effective。effective有效的。

　　52.【解析】[F]选enable。enable sb. to do sth.使人能够干什么。

　　53.【解析】[D]选tackle。此句意为“通常学生在开始学习之前就应该解决这种听课技能的问题”，此处to tackle problem意为“解决问题”。

　　54.【解析】[G]选acknowledge。这里的意思是“承认大多数学生在获取语言技能方面有困难，这是很重要的”。所以选acknowledge承认，认可。

　　55.【解析】[O]选overcoming。克服困难用overcome difficulty。

　　56.【解析】[C]选strategy。此句意为：另一种基本的方案或策略是寻找一个学习的伙伴。strategy策略，方案。

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.

　　Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.

　　“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.

　　As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.

　　Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one?s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.

　　57.The second paragraph implies that ______.

　　[A]teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems

　　[B]a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship

　　[C]human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging

　　[D]both A and B

　　58. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that ______.

　　[A]everyone is a part of an island [B]man cannot be an island

　　[C]everyone is just a part of society [D]society is an island

　　59. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on ______.

　　[A]age [B]belonging

　　[C]personality [D]culture

　　60. The author thinks that close friends ______.

　　[A]can be easily formed when one is young [B]cannot be long-lasting

　　[C]are not rare for everyone [D]are rare for most people

　　61.The word “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means _____.

　　[A]not respecting [B]dishonoring

　　[C]regardless [D]considering

　　【全文翻译】

　　友谊是人类基本的纽带之一。友谊的特点可能因国而异，但是来自任何文化中的人不仅仅都喜欢朋友，而且也都需要朋友。

　　许多研究表明，没有朋友的青少年常常会患心理疾病。研究表明，青少年也许比其他任何年龄组的人更需要友谊和归属感。寂寞对老年人也有许多的负面影响。丧偶常常使一个寡妇或鳏夫完全丧失了亲人。但是，如果他们的周围有朋友和亲戚，他们能够表达自己的感情，那么他们更有可能从悲伤中恢复过来。

　　“谁都不是一座岛”，换句话说，我们都是社会的一部分。我们都需要他人的爱、赏识、尊重和道义上的支持。如果幸运的话，我们的朋友会为我们提供生活所必需的这一切。

　　正如许多人注意到得那样，友谊有多种层次。友谊的亲密程度各不相同，主要取决于人的个性和关系背景。外向的人喜欢被许多人簇拥着，而内向的人也许喜欢与少数的人保持亲密的友谊。

　　每个人并不都是同等地对待所有的朋友。友谊的亲密程度受多种因素的影响。在人生的任何阶段都可以交到亲密的朋友，但数量通常很少。不是很多人都有一些真正亲密的朋友。不论友谊的亲密程度如何，任何友谊都是建立在互惠、诚实和一定的友爱和关怀的基础之上的。

【答案解析】

　　57.【解析】[C]推断题。本文讨论了友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。文章第二段表明人都需要陪伴和归属感。文章第二段提到没有朋友的青少年和丧偶的老年人常常会有心理问题，并提到陪伴和归属感是他们共同的需求，所以C为正确答案。答案A和B都过于武断，作者只是说一般而言，并没有说一定会，所以不对。

　　58.【解析】[C]细节题。“No man is an island” (Line 1, Para. 3) 的意思是，每个人都是社会的一部分。第三段第二句话解释了这句引言的意思， “In other words, we are all parts of society”所以C为正确答案。

　　59.【解析】[C]细节推理题。友谊的亲密程度主要取决于人的个性。见第四段第二句，“The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals ...”所以C为正确答案。

　　60.【解析】[D]细节推理题。作者认为多数人的亲密朋友并不多。见第五段第三句，“Close friends can be formed at any stage in one?s life but they are usually very rare”在人生的任何阶段都可以交到亲密的朋友，但数量通常很少，由此推断D为正确答案。

　　61.【解析】[C]词汇题。“irrespective”(第五段最后一句)这个词语的意思是“不论，不考虑”。见最后一句，“Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on ...”不论亲密的程度如何，任何友谊都是建立在互惠、诚实和一定的友爱和关怀的基础之上的。根据上下文，可推测出这个词语的意思是“不论，不考虑”。所以C为正确答案。

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.

　　As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.

　　62.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to ______.

　　[A]attempt to continue the standardization of the language

　　[B]evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns

　　[C]be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or history

　　[D]be more aware of the rules of the language usage

　　63.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in Line 4 of Paragraph 2.

　　[A]Changes in the forms of words.

　　[B]Changes in sentence structures.

　　[C]Changes in spelling rules.

　　[D]Words that have similar meanings.

　　64.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?

　　[A]It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.

　　[B]Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.

　　[C]The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.

　　[D]Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.

　　65.The author of this passage is probably a(an) ______.

　　[A]historian [B]philosopher

　　[C]anthropologist [D]linguist

　　66.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?

　　[A]The history of the English language.

　　[B]Our changing attitude towards the English language.

　　[C]Our changing language.

　　[D]Some characteristics of modern English.

　　【全文翻译】

　　当回头来看1500年间英语的发展轨迹时，会发现有许多重要的真理。我们语言的历史是一个不断变化的历史——在一些时间里缓慢得几乎难以察觉，在另一些时间里则是两种语言的激烈碰撞。我们的语言是一个活生生的、日益增长的有机体，从来都不是静止不变的。这样的研究还揭示了另外一个重要的事实：语言从来不属于某个阶级或者群体，它属于大多数的人。一方面，语言属于普通大众。他们在日常生活中使用它，就像使用自己的动物或者厨房的锅碗瓢盆一样。另一方面，在把语言视为一种工具和文明标志的人看来，语言是宝藏。他们努力地将其写下来，使其变得永恒、有序、端庄、漂亮(如果可能的话)。

　　当考虑语言的变化时，我们应该注意它的两种发展方向，这对我们有着特殊而直接的重要性。第一，自从撒盎格鲁——撒克逊时代以来，表达句中单词之间关系的方法几乎发生了彻底的转变。盎格鲁——撒克逊英语(古英语)是一种变形较多的语言，而现代英语则很少变形。现在，我们主要依靠词序和功能词语来表达意义，而古英语则是通过改变单词的形式来表达意义。你应该知道，功能词语是诸如介词、连词以及一些其他的词，其基本用法是表示与其他词语之间的关系。然而，有一些词形变化还是被保留了下来。当一些词形变化与词序发生冲突时，使用者可能会遇到麻烦。我们将会在后面集中精力注意这样的情况，诸如：WHO和WHOM，ME和I。我们必须考虑的第二个事实是，随着语言本身的变化，我们对于语言形式的态度也会变化。例如，由于多方面的原因，十八世纪产生了一种倾向：运用不太流行的固定语言模式来评价语言;但是，现在，根据人们说和写的方式来重新研究和评估语言实践成为了一种主流。

　　【答案解析】

　　62.【解析】[B]细节题。本文主要讲述英语演变过程的一些特点，指出了古英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家对待语言形式的态度的变化。根据题干回原文中定位，阅读文章时注意首末段及各段开头的句子，这往往都是考点所在。本题问的正是现代语言学家与早期语言学家不同的倾向。根据文章末尾The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write. 现代语言学家倾向于根据人们说和写的方式评价语言实践，而不是像早期的语言学家根据一定的模式评价语言。选项B符合文章的意思。

　　63.【解析】[A]词汇题。要根据上下文的信息判断单词的意思。文章在第二段中间再次提到inflection时说，A few inflections, however, have survived. 后面文章又举了WHO/WHOM和ME/I为例说明inflection，这是一篇关于语言学的文章，从例子可以看出inflection的意思应该是“单词的变形”，选项A正确。

　　64.【解析】[A]细节题。根据文章的内容，选项A“普遍认为1500年是现代英语的起点”在文章中没有提及，故为正确答案。文章第二句说The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. 我们语言的历史是一个不断变化的历史——在一些时间里缓慢得几乎难以察觉，在另一些时间里则是两种语言的激烈碰撞。由此可以推断一些其他的语言对英语的发展有重大影响，选项B符合文章的意思。

　　65.【解析】[D]推断题。此题考查考生的推测能力。文章讲述的是英国语言演进的具体细节，最适当的答案应该是D。作者很可能是一位语言学家。A答案(历史学家)和C答案(人类学家)也有点迷惑性。B答案(哲学家)是最不符合的。

　　66.【解析】[C]主旨题。本文从各个方面谈及英语作为一种语言的发展变化，但并不是讲述英语的历史。所以选项A不对，选项C作为文章的题目最为贴切。选项B只是文章阐述的一个方面，不够全面。文章是在谈到英语的不断变化的时候谈到了现代英语的一些特点，所以选项D也失之于片面。

完形填空

　　Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)

　　Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 67 which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 68, that is to say, from the 69 of our own family and from our familiar associates, and 70 we should know and use 71 we could not read or write.

　　They 72 the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who 73 the language. Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people 74 and are not the exclusive 75 of a limited class. On the other hand, our language 76 a multitude of words which are comparatively 77 used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 78 to use them at home or in the market-place.

　　Our 79 acquaintance with them comes not from our mother’s 80 or from the talk of our school-mates, 81 from books that we read, lectures that we 82 , or the more 83 conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 84 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual 85 of everyday life. Such words are called “learned”, and the 86 between them and the “popular” words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.

　　67.[A]at [B]with [C]by [D]through

　　68.[A]study [B]imitate [C]stimulate [D]learn

　　69.[A]mates [B]relatives [C]members [D]fellows

　　70.[A]which [B]that [C]those [D]ones

　　71.[A]even [B]despite [C]even if [D]in spite of

　　72.[A]mind [B]concern [C]care [D]involve

　　73.[A]hire [B]apply [C]adopt [D]use

　　74.[A]in public [B]at most [C]at large [D]at best

　　75.[A]right [B]privilege [C]share [D]possession

　　76.[A]consists [B]comprises [C]constitutes [D]composes

　　77.[A]seldom [B]much [C]never [D]often

　　78.[A]prospect [B]way [C]reason [D]necessity

　　79.[A]primary [B]first [C]principal [D]prior

　　80.[A]tips [B]mouth [C]lips [D]tongue

　　81.[A]besides [B]and [C]or [D]but

　　82.[A]hear [B]attend [C]hear from [D]listen

　　83.[A]former [B]formula [C]formal [D]formative

　　84.[A]theme [B]topic [C]idea [D]point

　　85.[A]border [B]link [C]degree [D]extent

　　86.[A]diversion [B]distinction [C]diversity [D]similarity

　　【全文翻译】

　　任何文明的语言均包括两大类词语，所有的词汇都是由这两类词语共同组成的。首先，有些词语是我们从日常会话中所学到的，也就是说，我们从家人和熟悉的伙伴那里学到的;对于这些词语，即使我们不会读或者不会写，我们也知道如何使用它们。

　　它们涉及生活中的一般性事情，是所有使用这种语言的人惯用的语言材料。这样的词语可以被称为“流行词语”，它们是属于人民大众的，而不是专属于某个特定的阶级的。另一方面，我们的语言中还包含着大量普通谈话中相对较少使用的词语。所有受过教育的人都知道它们的含义，但是很少有必要在家中或市场上使用它们。

　　我们不是从我们母亲的言语中或者与同学们的交谈中了解到这些词语的，而是从我们学习的书本、参加的讲座或者与受过高等教育的人的较正式的谈话中学到的。在讨论某个特殊的话题时，受过高等教育的人们采用一种超越日常生活习惯的、得体的谈话方式。这样的词语被称为“习得词语”。“习得词语”与“流行词语”之间的区别对于正确理解语言的形成过程起着非常重要的作用。

　　【答案解析】

　　67.【解析】[B]本句中由with which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those words。短语become acquainted with sb./sth.意为“认识某人，了解某事”。

　　68.【解析】[D]imitate意为“模仿”，stimulate意为“刺激，激发”。study和learn都有“学习”的意思，study着重研究，而learn指一般性的学习，故选D。

　　69.【解析】[C]mate意为“伙伴，同事”，可组成复合名词，如：classmate同学，roommate同房间的人。relative意为“亲戚”，member意为“成员”，family member意为“家庭成员”，fellow意为“伙伴，家伙”。

　　70.【解析】[A]which引导非限制性定语从句，和前面的定语从句并列，修饰先行词those words,关系代词that只能在限制性定语从句中代替which。

　　71.【解析】[C]even if在这里引导条件状语从句。even是副词，不能引导状语从句。in spite of和despite表示“尽管”，为介词词组或介词，也不能引导状语从句。

　　72.【解析】[B]本句的意思是它们涉及生活中的一般性事情，是所有使用这种语言的人惯用的语言材料。concern意为“涉及”,mind和care表示“介意，计较”，relate表示“讲述、叙述”。

　　73.【解析】[D]use意为“使用”，apply意为“运用”，hire意为“雇用”，adopt意为“采纳”。

　　74.【解析】[C]at large意为“普遍的、一般的”，in public意为“公开地、当众”，at most意为“至多、不超过”，at best意为“充其量、至多”。

　　75.【解析】[C]share意为“份额、共享”。right和privilege意为“权利、特权”，在本句不符合题意。possession意为“拥有、占有”，通常指拥有财物。

　　76.【解析】[B]comprise“包含、包括、由……组成”。compose常用于被动结构be composed of表示“由……组成”。consist是不及物动词，必须和of组成短语动词表示“由……组成”，constitute意为“构成”。

　　77.【解析】[A]seldom意为“不经常、很少”。

　　78.【解析】[D]prospect意为“前景”;way“方式”;reason“理由”;necessity“必要性”。本句只有necessity符合句意。

　　79.【解析】[B]本句意为我们最初既不是从母亲嘴里，也不是从同学那里了解这些单词的。first“第一、首先”;primary“基本的、原始的”;prior“优先的、在先的”;principal“主要的、首要的”。

　　80.【解析】[C]learn sth. from one’s lips是固定搭配，表示“从某人嘴里得知”。

　　81.【解析】[D]but在这里表示转折的含义。

　　82.【解析】[B]attend a lecture“参加一个讲座”。

　　83.【解析】[C]formal“正式的”;former“以前的”;formula“公式、方程”;formative“形成的”。

　　84.【解析】[B]topic“话题”;theme“主题”;point“要点”。本句指讨论的话题，故选topic。

　　85.【解析】[D]degree和extent均可表示程度，但extent还可表示“范围”。本句意为：……讨论问题的方式超越了日常生活的范围，所以选extent。border“边界”;link“连接”。

　　86.【解析】[B]diversion“转移、转向”;distinction“差别”;diversity“多样性、变化”;similarity“相似之处”。本句意为：习得词语和流行词语之间的差别，故选distinction。

　翻译

　　Part Ⅵ Translation(5 minutes)

　　Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

　　87. The price of beer ________________________ (从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.

　　88.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________________________ (正在研制) and perfected now.

　　89. He wears a pair of sunglasses ________________________ (唯恐被别人认出来).

　　91.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ________________________ (不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.

　　92.The substance does not dissolve in water ________________________ (不管是否加热).

　　答案

　　87. ranges / varies from 50 cents to $4

　　88. are being developed

　　89. for fear that he should be recognized

　　90. didn’t do anything

　　91. whether ( it is ) heated or not