1999年1月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案

Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear.' You will read: A) At the office. B) In the waiting room. C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]

1、
A) He watched television with his friend.
B) He stayed at home talking with his friend.
C) He went to see a film with his friend.
D) He went to see his schoolmate.

2、
A) When the meeting is to be held.
B) Who are going to attend the meeting.
C) Where the meeting is to be held.
D) What’s to be discussed at the meeting.

3、
A) The necessity of writing to Mr. Johnson.
B) Who is going to contact Mr. Johnson.
C) The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting.
D) Where they are going to meet Mr. Johnson.

4、
A) Jack brought the tape to the party.
B) The tape had been returned to Paul.
C) The tape was missing.
D) Jack lent his tape to Paul.

5、
A) The man wants to reserve a room.
B) The man reserved a room some time ago.
C) The man has booked a room with no bath.
D) The man wants to buy a flat on the second floor.

6、
A) Both editions are the same price now.
B) It has two editions with the same cover.
C) The paperback edition is on sale.
D) The hardcover edition is more expensive.

7、
A) His TV sets are all of the same brand.
B) He doesn’t have the newest models right now.
C) He has the best TV sets for sale.
D) His TV sets have a good sale.

8、
A) He must hand in a report about the museum.
B) He has already visited the museum.
C) He has to read a history book.
D) He is too busy to go with her.

9、
A) They are rewarding.
B) They are entertaining.
C) They are boring.
D) They are time-consuming.

10、
A) A sunny day.
B) A raincoat.
C) An attractive hut.
D) A lovely hat.

11、
A) She sat back and relaxed.
B) She decided to retire.
C) She entered university.
D) She worked out a new English program.

12、
A) 8 years.
B) 20 years.
C) 16 years.
D) 30 years.

13、
A) Bring a great deal of useful experience to the university.
B) Improve human relationships in the university.
C) Bring a fear of aging among young students on the campus.
D) Improve the reputation of the university.

14、
A) She is learning English and Drama.
B) She is learning how to make sound judgments.
C) She is learning how to teach minority students.
D) She is learning to perceive, not to judge.

15、
A) The difference between classical music and rock music.
B) Why classical music is popular with math students.
C) The effects of music on the results of math tests.
D) How to improve your reasoning ability.

16、
A) Because it stimulates your nerve activity.
B) Because it keeps you calm.
C) Because it strengthens your memory.
D) Because it improves your problem solving strategies.

17、
A) Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.
B) The effects of music do not last long.
C) The more you listen to music, the higher your test scores will be.
D) Music, whether classical or rock, helps improve your memory.

18、
A) To drive the car automatically.
B) To measure the driver’s pulse.
C) To prevent car accidents.
D) To monitor the driver’s health.

19、
A) It sends out signals for help.
B) It sounds an alarm to warn the driver.
C) It takes over the driving immediately.
D) It stops the car automatically.

20、
A) It monitors the signals transmitted from the driver’s brain.
B) It can measure the driver’s alcohol level in the blood.
C) It can quicken the driver’s response to emergencies.
D) It bases its analysis on the driver’s heartbeat.

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched（草盖的）roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lines with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.

Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles（英论诸岛）. Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too.

Thatching is a solitary（独自的）craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced toady has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.

In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defiance against the heat.

21、Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?
A) Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.
B) Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.
C) Cottages with thatched roofs.
D) churches with cottages around them.

22、What do we know about thatching as a craft?
A) It is a collective activity.
B) It is practised on farms all over England.
C) It is quite different from what it used to be.
D) It is in most cases handed down among family members.

23、Thatched houses are still preferred because of _________.
A) their style and comfort
B) their durability
C) their easy maintenance
D) their cheap and ready-made materials

24、People in developing countries also live under thatch because ________.
A) thatched cottages are a big tourist attraction
B) thatched roof houses are the cheapest
C) thatch is an effective defense against the heat
D) they like thatched houses better than other buildings

25、We can learn from the passage that _________.
A) thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient times
B) thatching is a building craft first created by the English people
C) the English people have a special liking for thatched houses
D) most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsides

Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望）in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions posses this great prestige?

One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.

Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.

A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, that democracy in preserving freedom.

Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic（贵族的）idea of inherited privilege.

26、The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “________”.
A) The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
B) Business problems are of great importance to the American government
C) Business is of primary concern to Americans
D) America is a great power in world business

27、Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.
A) when given equality of opportunity
B) through doing business
C) by protecting their individual freedom
D) by way of competition

28、Who can benefit from business competition?
A) Honest businessmen.
B) Both businessmen and their customers.
C) People with ideals of equality and freedom.
D) Both business institutions and government.

29、Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ________.
A) its absolute control of power
B) its function in preserving personal freedom
C) its role in protecting basic American values
D) its democratic way of exercising leadership

30、It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _________.
A) Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B) in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
C) American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D) businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America

Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.

Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offer to dieters（节食者）with the message that there were fewer calories（热量单位，大卡）in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic（适合于节食的）, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.

On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.

Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.

31、Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.
A) stressing their high quality
B) convincing him of their low price
C) maintaining a balance between quality and price
D) appealing to his buying motives

32、The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.
A) thin slices of bread could contain more calories
B) the loaf was cut into regular slices
C) the bread was not genuine bread
D) the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same

33、The passage tells us that _______.
A) sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs
B) advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need
C) the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements
D) fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment

34、It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should _________.
A) think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements
B) guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements
C) be familiar with various advertising strategies
D) avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal

35、The passage is mainly about ________.
A) how to make a wise buying decision
B) ways to protect the interests of the consumer
C) the positive and negative aspects of advertising
D) the function of advertisements in promoting sales

Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”

Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.

Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.

36、The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______.
A) it is one of the most difficult school courses
B) students spend endless hours in reading
C) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D) too much time is spent in teaching about reading

37、The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.
A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
C) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D) teachers can make their teaching activities observable

38、The word “scrutiny” (Line 3, Para.3) most probably means “_________”.
A) inquiry
B) observation
C) control
D) suspicion

39、According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when _________.
A) children become highly motivated
B) teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D) reading enriches children’s experience

40、The main idea of the passage is that _________.
A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C) reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
D) reading is more complicated than generally believed

Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)(共30小题；每小题0.5分，满分15分)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

41、A person’s calorie requirements vary ________ his life.
A) across
B) throughout
C) over
D) within

42、A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ________ were surprising.
A) as results
B) which results
C) the results of it
D) the results of which

43、Generous public funding of basic science would _________ considerable benefits for the country’s health, wealth and security.
A) lead to
B) result from
C) lie in
D) settle down

44、In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep ___________ with the rapid changes of society.
A) step
B) progress
C) pace
D) touch

45、__________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
A) The girl was educated
B) The girl educated
C) The girl’s being educated
D) The girl to be educated

46、__________ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.
A) Even if
B) As far as
C) If only
D) So long as

47、My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _________ by then.
A) would leave
B) will have left
C) has left
D) had left

48、The speech which he made __________ the project has bothered me greatly.
A) being concerned
B) concerned
C) be concerned
D) concerning

49、Harry was ________ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.
A) stung
B) stuck
C) bitten
D) scratched

50、The thief tried to open the locked door but _________.
A) in no way
B) in vain
C) without effect
D) at a loss

51、All flights _________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A) had been canceled
B) have been canceled
C) were canceled
D) having been canceled

52、__________ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.
A) By
B) On
C) At
D) For

53、Remember that customers don’t ________ about prices in that city.
A) debate
B) consult
C) dispute
D) bargain

54、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ___________ during the day.
A) should have done
B) may have done
C) would have done
D) must have done

55、I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t _________ anything.　
A) lack
B) withdraw
C) omit
D) leak

56、This crop does not do well in soils ___________ the one for which it has been specially developed.
A) outside
B) other than
C) beyond
D) rather than

57、“You are very selfish. It’s high time you ________ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A) realized
B) have realized
C) realized
D) should realize

58、These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A) to that
B) besides that
C) in that
D) except that

59、The tomato juice left brown __________ on the front of my jacket.
A) spot
B) point
C) track
D) trace

60、If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ________ now.
A) wouldn't be smiling
B) couldn’t have smiled
C) won’t smile
D) didn’t smile

61、The committee is totally opposed ________ any changes being made in the plans.
A) of
B) on
C) to
D) against

62、We’ll visit Europe next year _________ we have enough money.
A) lest
B) until
C) unless
D) provided

63、My father seemed to be in no __________ to look at my school report.
A) mood
B) emotion
C) attitude
D) feeling

64、When he realized the police had spotted him, the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.
A) made off
B) made for
C) made out
D) made up

65、I was advised to arrange for insurance _________ I needed medical treatment.
A) nevertheless
B) although
C) in case
D) so that

66、Frankly speaking, I’d rather you __________ anything about it for the time being.
A) didn’t do
B) haven’t done
C) don’t do
D) have done

67、I’m sorry I can’t see you immediately; but if you’d like to take a seat, I’ll be with you _________.
A) for a moment
B) in a moment
C) for the moment
D) at the moment

68、The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness _______ by his lack of talent.
A) than
B) more than
C) as
D) so much as

69、Our new house is very _________ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.
A) adaptable
B) comfortable
C) convenient
D) available

70、Our journey was slow because the train stopped __________ at different villages.
A) unceasingly
B) gradually
C) continuously
D) continually

Part　IV　 Short　Answer　Questions (15　minutes)(共5小题；满分10分)
Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words not exceeding 10 words.

Would be language teachers everywhere have one thing in common: they all want some recognition of their professional status and skills, and a job. The former requirement is obviously important on a personal level, but it is vital if you are to have any chance of finding work..

Ten years ago, the situation was very different. In virtually every developing country, and in many developed countries as well, being a native English speaker was enough to get you employed as an English teacher.

Now employers will only look at teachers who have the knowledge, the skills and attitudes to teach English effectively. The result of this has been to raise non-native English teachers to the same status as their native counterparts (相对应的人) – something they have always deserved but seldom enjoyed. Non-natives are now happy – linguistic discrimination (语言上的歧视) is a thing of the past.

An ongoing research project, funded by the University of Cambridge, asked a sample of teachers, teacher educators and employers in more than 40 countries whether they regard the native/non-native speakers distinction as being at all important. “NO” was the answer. As long as candidates could teach and had the required level of English, it didn’t matter who they were and where they came from. Thus, a new form of discrimination – this time justified because it singled out the unqualified – liberated the linguistically oppressed (受压迫的). But the Cambridge project did more than just that: it confirmed that the needs of native and non-native teachers are extremely similar.

Questions： (注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。)

71、The selection of English teachers used to be mainly based on ___________. whether or not one was a native speaker.

72、What did non-native English teachers deserve but seldom enjoy?

73、What kind of people can now find a job as an English teacher?

74、What is the result of the “new form of discrimination” (Line 5, Para.4)?

75、The phrase “the linguistically oppressed” (Line 6, Para.4) refers to those who were _______.

Part V Writing (30 minutes) (共15分)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”。 2. 为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”。 3. 该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。

76、Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”