大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷
Model Test Three
Part I writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Dormitory Life . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。
2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。
3. 宿舍生活利与弊。
Dormitory Life

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Animals on the Move
It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.
Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.
Moving to Survive
In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.
Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.
Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.
Skin Is the Key
The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.
The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.
As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.
Source of Energy
What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.
When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.
The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.
This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.
Dolphin Has Speed Record
Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.
In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.
The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.
Other Animals Less Efficient
Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.
Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?
1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except______________.
［A］to find food
［B］to avoid being chased by its enemies
［C］to find a new place to live
［D］to show its braveness
2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that _______________.
［A］humans are the most clever living creatures in the world
［B］human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment

［C］humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools
［D］humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances
3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?
［A］The skin.［B］The tail.［C］The muscle.［D］The jaw.
4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?
［A］When moving its tail rapidly.
［B］When finding its preys.
［C］When staying without any movement.
［D］When bending its body in swimming.
5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?
［A］Because it is also full of blood pressure.
［B］Because it is also filled of air pressure.
［C］Because it is also inflated by pressure.
［D］Because it also can be used again and again.
6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims________________.
［A］slowly through the water［B］rapidly through the water
［C］against the current［D］at the fastest speed in water
7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long as it______________.
［A］one twelfth times.［B］the same.［C］12 times.［D］1.2 times.
8.A shark finds its prey by________________.
9.According to the passage, _______________can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched.
10.When the shark detects an important food source, __________________________take place.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11.［A］He had finished his work.［B］He came back to surprise his wife.
［C］He came back for lunch.［D］He came back to fetch some document.
12.［A］At a library.［B］In a bus.
［C］At the airport.［D］At a post office.
13.［A］There’s a paper by the door.
［B］The paper must have blown away.
［C］He should look further under the desk.
［D］He can buy another one at the corner.
14. ［A］11: 25.［B］11: 40.［C］11: 46.［D］11: 26.
15.［A］The rent is too high.
［B］He can’t afford the high taxes.
［C］He doesn’t want to live in the suburbs.
［D］It’s too far away from his office.
16.［A］No. He has to finish his homework.
［B］No. He doesn’t like going to the club.
［C］Yes. He’ll go after he finishes his homework.
［D］Yes. He’ll write his paper after he returns.
17. ［A］She lost her way. ［B］She lost her keys.
［C］She lost her car. ［D］She lost her handbag.
18.［A］Worried and frightened. ［B］Very relaxed.
［C］Quite unhappy. ［D］Angry with the professor.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. ［A］In a classroom.［B］In a snack bar.
［C］In the dormitory.［D］In a camera shop.
20.［A］The man’s brother.［B］The man’s roommate.
［C］A neighbor.［D］A photographer.
21.［A］He’s noisy.［B］He’s messy.
［C］He doesn’t tell the truth.［D］He doesn’t close the door.
22.［A］He worked for a radio station.［B］He lived in a dormitory.
［C］He took a long trip.［D］He visited the man’s family.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23.［A］One of his classes finished early.
［B］He wanted to get some studying done.
［C］The library had a special display on the Industrial Revolution.
［D］His books were ten days overdue.
24. ［A］Checked them out.
［B］Took notes on them.
［C］Returned them to the shelves.
［D］Put them in his bookbag.
25. ［A］They are marked with colored labels.
［B］They are specially coded.
［C］They are checked out.
［D］They are inspected by the guard.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. ［A］To show off their wealth.
［B］To feel good.
［C］To regain their memory.
［D］To be different from others.
27.［A］To help solve their psychological problems.
［B］To play games with them.
［C］To send them to the hospital.
［D］To make them aware of its harmfulness.
28. ［A］They need care and affection.
［B］They are fond of round?the?world trips.
［C］They are mostly from broken families.

［D］They are likely to commit crimes.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. ［A］He lost consciousness.
［B］He was slightly wounded.
［C］He was seriously injured.
［D］He was buried under an icebox.
30. ［A］About four days.
［B］Around eight days.
［C］A day and a half.
［D］More than six days.
31. ［A］His father pulled him out in time.
［B］He left the area before the earthquake.
［C］He stayed in an icebox.
［D］Their house escaped the earthquake.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. ［A］They want to change the way English is taught.
［B］They learn English to find well-paid jobs.
［C］They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.
［D］They know clearly what they want to learn.
33. ［A］Professionals.
［B］College students.
［C］Beginners.
［D］Intermediate earners.
34. ［A］Courses for doctors.
［B］Courses for businessmen.
［C］Courses for reporters.
［D］Courses for lawyers.
35. ［A］Three groups of learners.
［B］The importance of business English.
［C］English for Specific Purposes.
［D］Features of English for different papacies.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy source recently. However, it (36)__________ will become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling (37)___________ of natural gas and oil. Although coal (38)______________to be black, it actually has black, yellow, orange, and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope.
Coal probably was formed about 300 million years ago by (39)______________trees and other plant life growing in (40)_____________. These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen, hydrogen, and (41)____________ . As the earth changed its (42)__________, the weight of the ground (43)____________ down on the trees and plants. Thus seams of coal were formed.
(44)_________________________. Strip mining is quicker and safer than underground mining, but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. (45)_____________________. While both underground and strip mines still can be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were. (46)_____________________. Many of today’s coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite safe and very important.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 47 you money or can add to the cost. Take the 48 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the 49 buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 50 price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive 51 to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.
So what principles should you 52 when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable 53 in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new 54 , talk to someone who owns one .If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive 55 , or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose 56three items or three estimates.
［A］possession［B］save［C］best［D］appliance
［E］material［F］from［G］simple［H］with
［I］in［J］element［K］model［L］item
［M］easy［N］adopt［O］reasonable
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.
Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.
“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.

As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.
Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one?s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.
57.The second paragraph implies that_____________ .
［A］teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems
［B］a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship
［C］human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging
［D］both A and B
58. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that ______________.
［A］everyone is a part of an island ［B］man cannot be an island
［C］everyone is just a part of society ［D］society is an island
59. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on_____________.
［A］age［B］belonging
［C］personality ［D］culture
60. The author thinks that close friends_____________________.
［A］can be easily formed when one is young［B］cannot be long-lasting
［C］are not rare for everyone［D］are rare for most people
61.The word “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means______________________.
［A］not respecting ［B］dishonoring
［C］regardless［D］considering
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle’s husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.
Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good?bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.
Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home—the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.
To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.
Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. “It’s typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people’s pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty.”
62.When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle_________.
［A］could not forgive him for taking the children
［B］had been expecting it to happen for some time
［C］could not understand why
［D］blamed herself for what had happened
63. Most people who leave their families behind them___________.
［A］do so without warning
［B］do so because of their debts
［C］come back immediately
［D］change their names
64. Some people would even prefer the death to the running away of their spouse because___________.
［A］their spouse would feel no pain during the death
［B］their spouse’s death would not blow their pride and confidence
［C］a desertion would not bring a feeling of rejection or failure
［D］their spouse’s death would make them feel less painful
65.The man or woman left behind with an unfinished marriage usually______________.
［A］admits responsibility for the situation
［B］wishes the person who has left were dead
［C］comes back within a year
［D］will have no legal marriage life for seven years
66. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as___________________.
［A］an act of despair
［B］an act of selfishness
［C］the result of a sudden decision
［D］the result of the enormous sense of guilt
Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Modern people wear many masks that keep their reality confined and 67 , even to themselves. The possibility of encountering one’s 68 , learning about one’s self, is frightening and 69 . Many people expect 70 the worst. A hidden fear 71 the fact that they may also discover the best. To discover the worst is to face the decision of 72 or not to continue in the same pattern. To learn the best is to face the decision of whether or not to live up 73 it. 74 discovery may involve change and 75 causes anxiety. 76 , this can be a creative anxiety which may be thought of as excitement—the excitement of enhancing one’s 77 for being a winner. Transactional analysis is a(n) 78 you can use to know yourself, to know how you relate to others, and to discover the dramatic 79 your life is taking. The unit of personality structure is the ego state. By becoming 80 of your ego state, you can 81 between your various sources of thoughts, feelings, and behavior pattern. You can be more aware of the choices available to you.The unit of measure in interpersonal relationships is the 82 . By analyzing your transactions, you can gain a 83 conscious control of how you operate with other people and how they operate with you. Transactional analysis is a practical 84 from which you can 85 old decisions and behavior and change 86 you decide is desirable for you to change.

67.［A］known［B］unknown［C］surrounded［D］unlimited
68. ［A］mask ［B］armor［C］reality［D］fact
69. ［A］frustrating ［B］exciting［C］interesting［D］encouraging
70. ［A］discovering ［B］to discover［C］be discovered［D］to be discovered
71. ［A］relies on ［B］lies in［C］based on［D］according to

72. ［A］how ［B］why［C］what［D］whether
73. ［A］to ［B］on［C］with［D］in
74. ［A］Both［B］Either［C］One［D］Neither
75. ［A］therefore ［B］however［C］even［D］but
76. ［A］Therefore ［B］Moreover［C］Then［D］However
77. ［A］possibility ［B］pattern［C］anxiety［D］decision
78. ［A］instrument ［B］appliance［C］equipment［D］tool
79. ［A］course ［B］process［C］track［D］direction
80. ［A］beware ［B］aware［C］awake［D］unconscious
81. ［A］choose ［B］change ［C］distinguish［D］compare
82. ［A］transaction ［B］transition［C］transmission［D］transformation
83. ［A］much ［B］more［C］few［D］little
84. ［A］desire ［B］frame ［C］stage［D］step
85. ［A］evaluate ［B］change［C］make［D］decide
86. ［A］which ［B］that［C］whether ［D］what
Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)
Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. The price of beer_________________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.
88.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,__________________(正在研制) and perfected now.
89. He wears a pair of sunglasses____________________(唯恐被别人认出来).
91.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you_________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.
92.The substance does not dissolve in water______________ (不管是否加热).

Key to Model Test Four
Part I Writing
【写作思路】
要求写一篇关于宿舍生活的议论文。主要写宿舍生活与家庭生活的区别，以及宿舍生活的利与弊。
【参考范文】
Dormitory Life
For most university students, dormitory life is a new experience. Most students have never lived far away from their parents before coming to university. They have always had their parents to depend on for advice and guidance, and when they become university students, their lives begin to change.
There are striking difference between home life and dormitory life. Students must begin to be responsible for their own action. They must depend on themselves to get up in the morning on time for class, to eat properly, to keep their clothes and themselves clean, and to set aside an appropriate amount of time for study and relaxation. They must also learn to take care of their money, making sure to preserve enough for both necessities and for fun.
In general, there are both good and bad points about life in student-dormitory. Often, dormitory rooms are small and crowded. This lack of space can limit one’s privacy and make it difficult for students to concentrate on their studies. On the other hand, in a dormitory, students have a great deal more freedom than they might have at home. They can act according to their own will and desire than to that of parents.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
【全文翻译】
动物的运动
除了缺少剧情音乐之外，这看上去就像《大白鲨》影片中的一个场景：一条巨大的鲨鱼在水中慢慢地游着，尾巴就像时钟的钟摆一样来回地摆动。
突然，它敏感的皮肤神经末梢感受到了猎物游动时发出的震动。瞬间，它就变成一台高效致命的死亡机器。它绷紧肌肉，快速地在水中砍出一条通道。眨眼之间，它便用强有力的嘴巴咬住了它的猎物，一条大鱼。随后，它来回扭动着头，从猎物的身上撕下大块大块的肉，把它们吞了下去。很快地，猎食活动就结束了。
为了生存而移动
鲨鱼追逐猎物的过程以一种夸张的方式证明了移动（或者运动）对于动物的重要作用。
像鲨鱼一样，大部分的动物通过移动来发现食物。他们还利用移动来逃避敌人、寻找配偶、开拓新的 地盘。移动的方法包括：爬行、跳跃、滑行、飞行、飘浮或者漫步。
借助各种有助移动的发明，人类加强了其移动优势，可以再任何环境下移动。汽车、火箭、潜艇能把人类从深海运输到遥远的月亮。然而，对于其他的动物而言，移动来源于数百万年的进化。鲨鱼是其中最成功的例子。它能够以接近零的时间快速地捕获猎物，这给科学家们留下了深刻的印象。但是，经过仔细的研究，美国杜克大学的海洋生物学家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才发现了鲨鱼是如何做到这一点的。在研究中，科学家们对位于佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁海上乐园泳池中游泳的鲨鱼进行了观察。他们拍摄了鲨鱼的运动情况，对它们进行了分析，同时也对鲨鱼的皮肤和肌肉进行了研究。
皮肤是关键
生物学家们发现，鲨鱼的皮肤是使它们在水中高效游泳的关键。鲨鱼的皮肤中含有许多纤维，像子午线轮胎的内部一样交错在一起。这些纤维被称为胶原纤维。随着它们的放松或拉紧，这些纤维可以储存或释放大量的能量。当拉伸纤维时，纤维中蓄满了能量，就像绷紧的弓弦一样。能量被释放后，纤维就松弛了。
杜克大学的生物学家发现，最大拉伸发生在鲨鱼弯曲身体游泳的时候。当身体前后移动时，弯曲处外侧的纤维受到强烈的拉伸，大量的潜能被储存在纤维中。当鲨鱼朝另一个方向迅速掉头时，这种能量就被释放出来了。
随着能量在鲨鱼身体两侧交替地储存和释放，它的尾巴就像鞭子一样强烈地来回摆动。这种像皮鞭一样的动作促使鲨鱼像发射的子弹一样在水中穿来穿去。
能量的来源
是什么让纤维能存储如此多的能量呢?在追寻答案的过程中，杜克大学的科学家们发现，鲨鱼与子午线轮胎的相似性并不仅仅存在于皮肤上。正如子午线轮胎是由压力膨胀的一样，在鲨鱼胶原辐射处的下方也有一个膨胀区。但是，鲨鱼体内的压力可能来自于血液压缩胶原纤维而产生的压力，而不是来自于空气的压力。
当鲨鱼缓慢游动时，纤维内的压力相对较低。纤维比较松弛时，鲨鱼就能以锐角的角度弯身。在寻找食物或只是游动时，鲨鱼以这种方式进行移动。但是，当它发现重要的食物来源时，一些奇妙的变化就自动发生了。
鲨鱼内部的压力可能会增加10倍，胶原纤维在这种压力下剧烈拉伸，蓄积了大量的能量。
接着，这种能量被转移到尾巴上，鲨鱼快速运动起来，剩下的事情就可想而知了。
海豚是速度最快的纪录保持者
海豚是另一种快速的海洋动物，这种海洋哺乳动物的速度为每小时20英里。研究海豚的生物学家们发现，就像鲨鱼一样，海豚的快速游动可以追溯到其皮肤。海豚的皮肤是这样构成的：它对流过其身体的水流产生的阻力很小。通常情况下，当鱼或其他动物在水中缓慢游动时，水流会平稳地流过它们的身体。这种平稳的水流被称为层流。然而，当鱼快速移动时，其周围的水流就变得湍急起来。这种乱流使摩擦加大，降低了鱼的速度。
海豚的皮肤弹性很大，可以随着水波的波形而弯曲。实际上，水波是被卷进了海豚皮肤的皱褶处。这样，其余的水就以层流的方式从其身边平稳地流过。其他动物快速游动时，由于受到乱流的阻碍，其速度就降低了；但是，海豚却能够以破纪录的速度在水中快速穿行。
其他的低速动物
并不是所有的动物都能像鲨鱼和海豚一样快速地游动。在运动效率方面最大的输家可能是蛞蝓（鼻涕

虫）。它看起来就像没有壳的蜗牛，其爬行过的地方会留下一条细细的踪迹。它要使用大量的能量制造粘滑的粘液，以便在其上爬行。移动同样的的距离，老鼠只需要其所耗费能量的十二分之一。
科学家们认为，由于蛞蝓（鼻涕虫）利用能量的效率很低，所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。换句话说，它们都被迫把自己束缚在很小的区域之中来搜寻食物和寻找合适的生活条件。人类曾经面临过这样的问题吗?
【答案解析】
1.【解析】［D］属同义转换题，本题是一种排除选择题。根据题干中的中心词“movement to do something”，可以将答案定位在小标题“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前两句话，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。该句与题干是一种同义转换，选项A、B和C在原文中均有提及，所以不是正确选项；答案D在原文没有提及，所以是正确答案。
2.【解析】［B］属细节推断题。题干考查汽车、火箭和潜艇的例子是为了说明什么，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是关键词，可以将答案定位在文章小标题“Moving to Survive”下第三段的前两句话，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”，第二句话所举例子正是为了说明第一句话的内容，这与B项意思一致，而其它选项在文中均未提及。
3.【解析】［A］属细节推断题。分析题干，本题考查鲨鱼在水中快速游动的关键是在什么。其中的“key”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句话，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water”，这与选项A完全一致，所以直接选择A即可。其它选项在文中均有提及，但是都不符合题干的要求。
4.【解析】［D］属细节推断题。题干中的“the Duke University scientists”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句话，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。这与选项D的内容完全一致，所以答案选D项，而其它选项原文均为提及，为干扰项。
5.【解析】［C］属细节推断题。题干中“a belted radial tire”是关键词，可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句话，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ‘radials’”。其中的“just as”和“so”正说明了两者的相似之处在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案应该是C。选项A和B是两者的不同之处，选项D在文中没有提及。
6.【解析】［A］属细节推断题。题干中的关键词是“a laminar flow”，所以可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根据该节第一段的倒数第三、四句话，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow.”。题干是对这两句话的改写，所以正确答案是A选项。其它三个选项的意思均不符合“a laminar flow”的定义，与题干要求不符。
7.【解析】［C］属同义转换题。题干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均为关键词，可以直接定位在小标题“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句话，“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。题干是对该句的同义改写，所以正确答案是C 12 times，其它选项均与原文内容不符。
8. 【解析】feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey鲨鱼靠感受猎物游动的震动来发现猎物。
9. 【解析】collagen fibers 在Skin Is the Key中，第二、三句话，The fibers are called collagen fibers。
10. 【解析】some fantastic involuntary changes 在Source of Energy中，第二段倒数第一句话就是本题答案。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. W:Oh, you are back. This is a pleasant surprise. It is not lunch time yet. Are you through work?
M:No, I forgot some papers this morning.
Q:Why did the man return home?
【解析】［D］这是一对夫妻的对话。妻子说：你回来啦，真是个惊喜，还没到午饭时间呢，你工作完了么？丈夫说：没有，我今早忘了带一些文件。可见，丈夫回家来是为了取些文件。本题需要间接推理。
12.M:Two ten-cent stamps and four eight-cent stamps, please.
W:Here you are. That will be fifty- two cents.
Q:Where did this conversation most probably take place?
【解析】［D］关键词在于听出stamps邮票。男士说：我要两张十分的邮票和四张八分的邮票。女士说：给你，一共52美分。显然，这是在邮局买邮票时发生的一段对话。
13.M:You said the paper you’ve just finished fell on the floor, but I can’t find it.
W:Look under the desk, back in the corner.
Q:What does the woman mean?
【解析】［C］男士说：你说你刚完成的论文掉地上了，但我没找到。女士说：看看桌子下面，后面的角落。因此，女士的意思是要他在桌子下面再仔细找找。
14. M:The train is late. When will it arrive?
W:They say it’s late for 25 minutes, so it should be here at 11: 46.
Q: When will the train arrive?
【解析】［C］本题中女士提到火车晚点25分钟是个干扰项，她说的后半句话即是答案so it should be here at 11: 46。
15. M:I would like to move to the suburbs, but I don’t have enough money to pay the high taxis.
W:I wish you could. It’s nice to live there.
Q:Why isn’t the man moving to the suburbs?
【解析】［D］本题为推理题，对话中没有直接给出答案，需要推理。男士说：我很想住郊区，但我没那么多钱付高额的打的费。打的费高只能是因为郊区离工作的地点太远的缘故。
16.W:Jack, would you like to go to the club with us tomorrow night?
M:I wish I could, but I have to work on my term paper.
Q:Is Jack going to the club?
【解析】［A］女士问：杰克，明天晚上跟我们一起去俱乐部吧？男士说：我很想去，但是我必须写我的学期论文。由此可见，杰克是不会去俱乐部的。
17. M:Think it over carefully, you must have left it somewhere.
W:But the problem is that I have to have it now. I need it to use my car, and when I get home, to open the door.
Q: What happened to the woman?
【解析】［B］对话中的女士丢了钥匙，但是对话里却没出现钥匙keys这一词。男士说：仔细想想，你一定把它落在哪儿了。女士说：问题是我现在需要用它，我要用它来开车，回家后还要用它开门。那她丢的一定是钥匙了。
18. W:Weren?t you nervous when the professor called on you in class?
M:I?d say I was shaking all over.
Q:How did the man feel when he was called on?
【解析】［A］女士问：当教授在班上点到你的时候你不紧张吗？男士说：我浑身都在抖。shaking all over说明男士非常担忧和害怕。
Now you’ll hear two long conversations.
Conversation One
W:Let’s go in here and order some coffee while we look at your pictures.
M:Good idea. We’d both like coffee, please. OK, here’s one of Ed’s, my roommate. I took this picture right after we had arrived at the school this fall. We had just met, in fact. And this was our room of the dormitory while we were unpacking all our things. What a mess!
W:You certainly had a lot of boxes. How did you ever find room for everything?

M: In the beginning we thought we’d never get all arranged but now we are very comfortable. Lucky for me, Ed keeps his things neat.
W:Do you like living in the dormitory?
M:It’s not bad. Sometimes Ed turns his radio up too loud and makes too much noise. Then I get angry. Sometimes I leave my books lying around and he gets angry. But usually we get along. Here’s a picture of him taken when we went to visit my family during vacation.
W:And this last one?
M:That’s my dog Spot.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.Where is this conversation most probably taking place?
【解析】［B］从女士的话Let’s go in here and order some coffee中可以得出答案。snack bar意思是小吃店。四个选项中只有可能在小吃店里喝咖啡，因此选择B项。
20. Who is Ed?
【解析】［B］从对话中可直接听出答案，here’s one of Ed’s, my roommate，这一张是Ed的照片，我的室友。由此可见Ed是男士的室友。
21. Why does the man sometimes get angry at Ed?
【解析】［A］本题亦可在对话中直接听出答案Ed turns his radio up too loud and makes too much noise. Then I get angry. 由于Ed制造太多噪音，男士对此非常生气。
22. What did Ed do during vacation?
【解析】［D］最后一张Ed的照片是拍摄于假期他去我家玩儿的时候。由此可见，Ed假期时去了男士的家。
Conversation Two
M:Do you know what happened to me today? I was so embarrassed.
W:What?
M: Well, Dr. Brown’s class finished 10 minutes early, so I went to the library between classes. I knew I didn’t have much time, but I wanted to get these books on the Industrial Revolution. I looked them up in the card catalogue and went right to the stack and found them. So I put them in my bookbag and headed back towards the door. Then it happened. The exit gate in front of the door wouldn’t open, and the guard immediately warned me that I hadn’t checked out my books. He thought I was trying to steal them.
W:That must’ve been embarrassing. But why didn?t the exit gate open?
M: I asked them that. It seems that the books in the library are all magnetically coded, and when you check them out, the librarian behind the desk demagnetizes them, then the exit gate will open.
W:How interesting! I still don’t quite understand how they do it, though. I’ll have to go to the library and see it for myself.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have heard.
23.Why did the man decide to go to the library?
【解析】［A］布朗教授的课提前十分钟下课了，因此我决定在课间去趟图书馆。Dr. Brown’s class finished 10 minutes early, so I went to the library between classes.
24. After getting the books, what did the man do?
【解析】［D］男生拿到书之后直接把书塞到书包里了So I put them in my bookbag and headed back towards the door.从这句话中可得出答案。
25.According to the man, what happens to all the books in the library?
【解析】［B］从男生的话中可看出图书馆里的所有书都经过特殊编码了。It seems that the books in the library are all magnetically coded。
Section B
Passage One
The first step to stop drug abuse is knowing why people start to use drugs. The reasons people abuse drugs are as different as people are from one to another. But there seems to be one common thread: people seem to take drugs to change the way they feel. They want to feel better or feel happy or to feel nothing. Sometimes, they want to forget or to remember. People often feel better about the roseleaf when they are under the influence of drugs. But the effects don’t last long. Drugs don’t solve problems. They just postpone them. No matter how far drugs may take you, it’s always around trip. After a while, people who miss drugs may feel worse about themselves, and then they may use more drugs. If someone you know is using or abusing drugs, you can help. The most important part you can play is to be there. You can let your friends know that you care. You can listen and try to solve the problem behind your friend’s need to use drugs. Two people together can often solve a problem that seems too big for one person alone. Studies of heavy abusers in the United States show that they felt unloved and unwanted. They didn’t have close friends to talk to. When you or your friends take the time to care for each other, you’re all helping to stop drugs abuse. After all, what is a friend for?
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.Why do some people abuse drugs?
【解析】［B］人们吸毒是想改变自己的感受，想觉得快乐些、美好些。从以下两句话中可以看出。But there seems to be one common thread: people seem to take drugs to change the way they feel. They want to feel better or feel happy or to feel nothing.
27. According to the passage, what is the best way to stop friends from abusing drugs?
【解析】［A］帮助朋友戒毒的最好方法是帮助解决他的心理问题。吸毒者常常觉得自己不被爱，不被人所需要。作为朋友，应该做的就是陪伴在其左右，聆听他的痛苦和问题，让他感受到温暖和关爱。
28. What are the findings of the studies about heavy drug users?
【解析】［A］从下面这句话中可以得出结论。Studies of heavy abusers in the United States show that they felt unloved and unwanted.研究表明严重的吸毒者都是觉得自己不被爱不被需要的，因此他们需要的是关心和关爱。
Passage Two
A six-year-old boy has been found alive after spending four days and five nights in an icebox that was buried under tons of ruins in Thursday’s big earthquake. The boy Tom was found early yesterday in the village of Sem as rescuers were working to pull his father out of the ruins of their home. Hearing a faint cry of “Get me out. Get me out”, rescuers dug down another one point five meters and found the boy in the icebox. He was pronounced in a good condition, suffering only four or five slight wounds. Tom’s eight brothers and sisters died in the earthquake which officials say may have killed as many as 50,000 people, By Sunday foreign doctors were leaving the earthquake areas as hope had faded of finding any more survivors.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What happened to the boy in earthquake?
【解析】［B］He was pronounced in a good condition, suffering only four or five slight wounds.从中看出男孩只受了一点儿小伤。
30. How many days had passed before the boy was rescued?
【解析】［A］四天五夜four days and five nights，因此答案为四天左右about four days。
31. How did the boy survive the big earthquake?
【解析】［C］男孩躲在冰箱里，因此侥幸在地震中生存了下来。
Passage Three
There are three groups of English learners: beginners, intermediate learners, and learners of special English. Beginners need to learn the basics of English. Students who have reached an intermediate level benefit from learning general English skills. But what about students who want to learn specialist English for their work or professional life? Most students, who fit into this third group have a clear idea about what they want to learn. A bank clerk, for example, wants to use this specialist vocabulary and technical terms of finance. But for teachers, deciding how to teach specialist English is not always so easy. For a start, the variety is enormous. Every field from

air-line pilots to secretaries has its own vocabulary and technical terms. Teachers also need to have an up-to-date knowledge of that specialist language, and not many teachers are exposed to working environments outside the classroom. These issues have influenced the way specialist English is taught in schools. This type of course is usually known as English for Specific Purposes or ESP and there are ESP courses for almost every area of professional and working life. In Britain, for example, there are courses which teach English for doctors, lawyers, reporters, travel agents and people working in the hotel industry. By far, the most popular ESP courses are for business English.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What is the characteristic of learners of special English?
【解析】［D］专业英语的学习者的特点是他们明确地知道自己要学什么。They know clearly what they want to learn.
33. Who needs ESP courses most?
【解析】［A］最需要ESP课程的是那些专门从事某项职业的人员，因此正确答案为professionals。
34. What are the most popular ESP courses in Britain?
【解析】［B］短文最后一句点出了本题的答案，在英国最流行的专业英语课是关于商务英语的。By far, the most popular ESP courses are for business English.
35. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
【解析】［C］这篇文章主要讲了些什么？很显然，全文都在讲专业英语，即ESP，English for Specific Purposes。
Section C
36.【答案】undoubtedly
【解析】undoubtedly意为“毋庸置疑地，的确”。煤毋庸置疑将成为重要的能源。
37.【答案】supplies
【解析】supply意为“供应，供给”。由于天然气和石油资源供应的逐渐减少，煤毋庸置疑将成为重要的能源。
38. 【答案】appears
【解析】appear意为“出现，看来，似乎”。虽然煤看似是黑色的，但是在高倍显微镜下，它还有黄色，橘色和红色。
39.【答案】giant
【解析】giant意为“巨大的”。煤大约形成于三亿年前，由巨大的树木和沼泽里的其他植物形成的。
40. 【答案】swamps
【解析】swamp意为“沼泽”。煤大约形成于三亿年前，由巨大的树木和沼泽里的其他植物形成的。
41. 【答案】carbon
【解析】carbon意为“碳”。它们包含的元素有氧、氢以及碳。
42. 【答案】shape
【解析】shape意为“形状，形态”。随着地表形态的改变，树木和植物被埋在地下。
43. 【答案】pressed
【解析】press 意为“压，挤压”。地表的压力作用于树木和植物之上。
44. 【答案】Coal can be taken from underground mines found deep in the earth or from strip mines which are found near the earth?s surface
45.【答案】Although miners still are needed in any coal mining operation, today heavy machinery does much of the hard work
46.【答案】The coal miners of today owe much to the union to which they belong the United Mine Workers of America
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
【全文翻译】
理智购买是一种积极的方式，可以让你的钱更值钱。你购买一件物品或者一份服务的方式真的可以给你节省钱或者多花钱。以吹风机作一个简单的例子。如果你要买一个吹风机，当你选了一个外观你非常喜欢而且价格又是最便宜的，你一定认为你买了最好的东西。但是，当你把它买回家，你才发现它要花两倍于较贵的吹风机所花的时间来吹干你的头发。电费加上你的时间成本很可能使你的吹风机成为最贵的。
当你外出购物时，你应该采取什么样的原则呢?如果你保持你的家、你的车，或者任何一件值钱的物品处于一种良好的状态中，从长远的眼光来看，你会省钱。在你买一个新的用品前，先与有这个物品的人交流一下。如果可能的话，你可以试试或者借来看看是否适合你的特殊要求。在购买一个贵重物品或者一项服务之前，要看好它的价格和功能。如果可能的话，一定要货比三家。
47.【解析】［B］save 本文主要讲理智的购物可以省很多钱的问题。你购买一件物品或者一份服务的方式真的可以给你省钱或者让你多花钱，所以此处空格填save，节省。
48.【解析】［G］simple 就拿吹风机作一个简单的例子。空格处用simple形容例子符合文章所表达的意思。
49.【解析】［C］best 如果你要买一个吹风机，当你选了一个外观你非常喜欢而且价格又是最便宜的，你一定认为你买了最好的东西。make the best buy即是说买了最好的东西。
50.【解析】［I］in 以怎样的价格用固定短语in price。最便宜的价格就是the cheapest in price。
51.【解析】［K］model 意为“样式，型”。当你把它买回家，你才发现它要花两倍于较贵的吹风机所花的时间来吹干你的头发。a more expensive model更贵的一款。
52.【解析】［N］adopt 意为“采用”。那么你外出购物时应该采用什么样的原则呢？adopt principles “采用原则”，principles 需要用adopt 来搭配。
53.【解析】［A］possession 意为“拥有物”。如果你保持你的家、你的车，或者任何一件值钱的物品处于一种良好的状态中，从长远的眼光来看你会省钱。
54.【解析】［D］appliance 意为“用品，器具”。在你买一个新的用品之前，先与有这个物品的人交流一下。
55.【解析】［L］item 在买一个贵的东西之前，要看好价格和正在出售的物品。item可用来指代物品。
56.【解析】［F］from 这个空格前是动词choose，从中作出选择即用介词from来搭配。
Section B
Passage One
【全文翻译】
友谊是人类基本的纽带之一。友谊的特点可能因国而异，但是来自任何文化中的人不仅仅都喜欢朋友，而且也都需要朋友。
许多研究表明，没有朋友的青少年常常会患心理疾病。研究表明，青少年也许比其他任何年龄组的人更需要友谊和归属感。寂寞对老年人也有许多的负面影响。丧偶常常使一个寡妇或鳏夫完全丧失了亲人。但是，如果他们的周围有朋友和亲戚，他们能够表达自己的感情，那么他们更有可能从悲伤中恢复过来。
“谁都不是一座岛”，换句话说，我们都是社会的一部分。我们都需要他人的爱、赏识、尊重和道义上的支持。如果幸运的话，我们的朋友会为我们提供生活所必需的这一切。
正如许多人注意到得那样，友谊有多种层次。友谊的亲密程度各不相同，主要取决于人的个性和关系背景。外向的人喜欢被许多人簇拥着，而内向的人也许喜欢与少数的人保持亲密的友谊。
每个人并不都是同等地对待所有的朋友。友谊的亲密程度受多种因素的影响。在人生的任何阶段都可以交到亲密的朋友，但数量通常很少。不是很多人都有一些真正亲密的朋友。不论友谊的亲密程度如何，任何友谊都是建立在互惠、诚实和一定的友爱和关怀的基础之上的。
【答案解析】
57.【解析】［C］推断题。本文讨论了友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。文章第二段表明人都需要陪伴和归属感。文章第二段提到没有朋友的青少年和丧偶的老年人常常会有心理问题，并提到陪伴和归属感是他们共同的需求，所以C为正确答案。答案A和B都过于武断，作者只是说一般而言，并没有说一定会，所以不对。
58.【解析】［C］细节题。“No man is an island” (Line 1, Para. 3) 的意思是，每个人都是社会的一部分。第

三段第二句话解释了这句引言的意思， “In other words, we are all parts of society”所以C为正确答案。
59.【解析】［C］细节推理题。友谊的亲密程度主要取决于人的个性。见第四段第二句，“The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals ...”所以C为正确答案。
60.【解析】［D］细节推理题。作者认为多数人的亲密朋友并不多。见第五段第三句，“Close friends can be formed at any stage in one?s life but they are usually very rare”在人生的任何阶段都可以交到亲密的朋友，但数量通常很少，由此推断D为正确答案。
61.【解析】［C］词汇题。“irrespective”(第五段最后一句)这个词语的意思是“不论，不考虑”。见最后一句，“Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on ...”不论亲密的程度如何，任何友谊都是建立在互惠、诚实和一定的友爱和关怀的基础之上的。根据上下文，可推测出这个词语的意思是“不论，不考虑”。所以C为正确答案。
Passage Two
【全文翻译】
Eileen Doyle的丈夫是一位工程师。16年前，他带着他的四个孩子去吃早茶，还提着一个小箱子。在此之后，Eileen Doyle再也没有看见过他或者听到过他的消息。Eileen对此很惊讶，非常失望。他们有一个幸福的家庭；据她所知，她们的婚姻也没有任何问题。
一年中的每一天，都有一小群的男人和女人悄悄地收拾几件行李，没有留下任何纸条或说一声再见，就最后一次关上大门，离家出走了，把他们的债务、他们的忧虑，还有困惑不解的家庭抛在了身后。
据报道，去年有1200多男人及几乎同样多的妇女离家出走了——这是15年来的最高水平。许多人在一年内又返回了家中，但是其他的人彻底地抛弃了过去，以不同于过去的一种新的身份在另外一个地方过着新的生活。
这种抛弃行为对那些被遗弃的人造成致命一击，严重打击了他们的自尊心和自信心。即使是死亡（指离家出走的人）也比这好的多。至少死亡不会意味着自己被抛弃或者失败。比这更糟糕的是，这给被遗弃的人留下了一份未完成的婚姻，他们不知道是否自己要等上七年才能开始新的生活。
临床心理学家保罗·布朗认为，大多数的离家出走者是精心策划的，而不是一时的冲动。“这是一种典型的个性，看起来能够无视其他人的痛苦和困难。逃跑，就像自杀一样，是一种高度侵略性的行为。离家出走使被抛弃者感到内疚、沮丧和空虚。”
【答案解析】
62.【解析】［C］细节题。问题问“当她的丈夫离家出走时，Eileen Doyle怎么样？”根据第一段第二行“Eileen was astonished...”可以断定C“(她)不明白为什么”应该是正确答案。其余三项均不符合文章意思。
63.【解析】［A］细节题。问题问“离开家庭的大多数人”。该题较简单，解题依据应该是文章第二段，其大意为:一年中的每一天都有一小帮男人和女人悄然收拾几件行李，没有留下任何纸条或说一声再见(“...without so much as a note or goodbye...”，其中without so much as为重要句型，表示“甚至……都没有”)，最后一次关上前门离家出走了，把他们的债务、他们的忧虑，还有迷惑不解的家庭抛在身后。A项正确。
64.【解析】［D］细节题。文章第四段第二、三句说明那些被遗弃的人甚至宁愿自己的配偶已经死亡，至少死亡不会意味着自己被抛弃或失败，所以要比被遗弃的感觉好点。B、C两项属于四级考试中典型的陷阱式干扰项，因为B项中的“pride and confidence”及C项中的“rejection or failure”在原文中皆有出现，马虎的考生可能不假思索就选了B或C，正好中了圈套，其实稍微细心一点就会发现B、C和文章所说的并不是一回事。第四段第三句“At least it...”中的it是指death而不是题干中主语所指。
65.【解析】［D］推断题。问题的题干应该在第四段最后一句，所以答案在此“...Worse than that,... an unfinished marriage,...wait seven years before...”，D项正是这种意思。
66.【解析】［B］细节题。依据第五段第二行“It?s typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people?s pain and difficulties.” B项说“这是一种自私行为”，为正确答案。A “这是种绝望行为”；C “这是突然决定的结果”；D “这是沉重负疚感的结果”。
Part ⅤCloze
【全文翻译】
现代人都戴着许多面具，隐藏自己的真实情况，不让别人知道。了解自己的实际情况，了解自己本身可能是令人害怕和令人沮丧的。很多人期望会发现自己最坏的一面。隐藏的恐惧在于他们可能也会发现自己最好的一面。
如果发现最糟糕的一面，人们必须决定是否要这样继续下去；如果了解到最好的一面，人们必须决定是否能够做到和原来一样好。无论发现那种情况，可能都会引起改变，从而产生焦虑。然而，这是一种创造性的焦虑，可以被看成是一种激动和兴奋——可能会促使一个人成为胜利者的激动。
沟通分析是一种可以用来了解自己的工具。你可以用它来了解自己同他人的关系，了解自己人生所走的富有戏剧性的道路。
自我状态是个性结构的单位。通过不断了解自我的状态，你可以分辩你的思想、感觉和各种行为的来源，可以更好地认识你可能面临的选择。衡量人际关系的标准就是他们之间的沟通。通过分析你与他人的沟通，你可以更清醒地控制自己和他人的交往。沟通分析是一种实用的设计。你可以利用它，对以前的决定和行为进行评价，改变你认为值得改变的东西。
67.【解析】［B］考查上下文意思的衔接。本文主要讲了现代人都带着各种面具来掩盖真实的自己。发现真实的自我，不论是好的还是坏的方面，都使人们感到焦虑，因为人们要决定到底是继续原来不好的模式，还是达到好的标准。沟通分析是帮助人们了解自己的一种工具。通过分析与他人的沟通和交流，我们可以控制自己和他人交往的行为。本句要表达的是“戴着面具使自己不被人了解”。只有B项 unknown为正确答案。
68.【解析】［C］考查上下文意思的衔接。了解现实，了解自己本身是令人害怕的。第一句中提到人们不让自己的现实被他人知道，此句是对上一句的进一步解释，故C为正确答案。
69.【解析】［A］考查词义辨析。此处需要一个跟frightening感情色彩相近的词，即令人害怕和沮丧的。故A项frustrating为正确答案。
70.【解析】［B］考查不定式的用法。许多人预料会发现最坏的。此处不表示被动，不需要用不定式的被动形式。
71.【解析】［B］考查动词短语的意思。隐藏的恐惧在于他们可能也会发现最好的一面。rely on依赖于；lie in在于； base on 指以什么为基础；according to 指依照；根据题意可知B项 lies in为正确答案。
72.【解析】［D］考查上下文意思的衔接。如果发现最坏的，人们必须决定是否要这样继续下去。whether or not 用在此处表示是否要。
73.【解析】［A］考查短语的搭配。是否要做到跟原来一样好。live up to 表示达到、做到。
74.【解析】［B］考查上下文意思的衔接。不论哪种发现都会引起改变。上面提到的两种发现，任何一个都涉及改变。
75.【解析】［A］考查句子之间的关系。(由于涉及改变)所以产生焦虑。此处是因果关系，所以用therefore。
76.【解析】［D］考查句子之间的关系。然而，这种焦虑可以被看成是一种激动和兴奋。转折关系。上句说到焦虑，是负面的；这句转折到正面。
77.【解析】［A］考查对上下文的理解。这种激动可能会促使一个人成为胜利者。只有 possibility 符合题意。
78.【解析】［D］词义辨析题。沟通分析法是一种你可以用来了解自己的工具。instrument指器械；appliance指用具，器具；equipment指装备，设备；tool指工具，手段。
79.【解析】［A］词义辨析题。知道自己人生所走的富有戏剧性的道路。course指路线，进程；process 指过程；track指轨迹；direction指方向。
80.【解析】［B］词义辨析题。意识到自我的状态……。beware小心，谨防；aware意识到；awake醒的；unconscious无意识的。
81.【解析】［C］词义辨析及介词搭配题。你可以分辨你的思想、感觉和各种行为的来源。choose选择；change改变；distinguish分辨；compare比较。只有distinguish可以与between搭配，故C为正确答案。
82.【解析】［A］考查上下文意思的衔接。衡量人际关系的标准是他们的沟通。transactional analysis是这种分析方法的名称，显然它是以人们之间的沟通作为分析的对象的。
83.【解析】［B］考查上下文意思的衔接。通过分析你与他人的沟通，你可以更清醒地控制自己和他人的

交往。沟通分析是使人了解自己的行为，从而进行控制。显然是更清醒的控制自己。
84.【解析】［B］词义辨析题。沟通分析是一种实际设计。由文章可知，沟通分析是一种有效的了解自身的方式。desire显然不合题意； stage阶段；step步骤；与题意不符，为错误答案。B为正确答案。
85.【解析】［A］词义辨析题。对以前的决定和行为进行评价。对旧的决定显然已经无法改变，故B不正确；C和D 均不能搭配，为错误答案，只有 evaluate是正确答案。
86.【解析】［D］考查代词的用法。改变你认为值得改变的东西。what 作decide 的宾语，表示你决定的是什么。
Part Ⅵ Translation
87. 【答案】ranges / varies from 50 cents to $4
88.【答案】are being developed
89.【答案】for fear that he should be recognized
90.【答案】didn’t do anything
91.【答案】whether ( it is ) heated or not