2009年6月英语四级语法备战-解决让你困惑的三个词
日期:2009-04-21 10:14

(单词翻译:单击)

both的用法
both的位置:

(1) 在be的后面

(2) 在实意动词前面 (往往用they both ,you both, wei both)

(3) 在情态动词,助动词后面

请看下面的例句:

在be的后面

①They are both very healthy. 他们俩都很健康。

②We are both interested in English.他俩都对应于感兴趣。 

在实意动词前面

①We both have too much work to do. 我们俩有太多的工作要做。

②You both had a good time last might,didn't you? 你们俩昨晚玩得很愉快,是吗?

③They both went to Beijing last week. 上周他们俩都去了北京。

在情态动词,助动词后面

①Don't thank me. You must both thank him! 别谢我。你们俩必须感谢他! must=必须 情态动词

②We have both passed the exam. 我们俩都已经通过了考试。have=已经 助动词
although&though
1.两词同义并可换用,但although语气较重,通常放在句首并用于正式场合。如:

I'd quite like to go out, (al)though it is a bit late. 我很想外出,虽然为时稍晚。

Although it was snowing, it was not very cold. 虽然下着雪,但并不很冷。

2.用though 时,可将强调的词前置,但although 不能。as也有此种倒装结构。如:

Poor though / as he is , he is happy.虽然他穷,但过得很愉快。

Child though / as she was, the actress was drawing a crowd. 尽管还是个孩子,这个女演员却引起了人们的注目。(child前无冠词a)

3. although 引导从句常指事实,而though 引导的句子可表假设。如:

Let's start as arranged though it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨,咱们也按预定的计划出发吧。(假设)

He was not unhappy although he had to live alone. 虽然得一个人生活,他毫无不快之感。(事实)

4.although 只用作连词,而though 除作连词外,还可用作副词,常置句末,句子较长时,也置于句中。如:

It's hard work, I enjoy it though. 这是苦差事,可我干得颇有乐趣。

There's no excuse, though , for hurting her feelings. 伤到她的感情一事,还是不可原谅。

5.though 可用于even though, as though 等结构,although则不能。如:

Even though I fail, I'll keep on trying. 我纵然失败,仍会继续尝试下去。

You look as though (=as if ) you know each other. 看起来你们好像彼此认识。

6. although 和 though 用作连词时不能和but连用,但可跟yet, still 等连用。如:

Although he lives alone, yet he is happy. = He lives alone, but he is happy. 他虽然单独生活,但很愉快。

with结构的构成

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

一、 with结构的构成

它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下:

1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;

2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;

3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;

4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式;

5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。

下面分别举例:

1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语)

6、Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

with结构的用法

在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如:

1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.

2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.

3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.

with结构的特点

1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)

2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it without me to help him.

几点说明:

1. with结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别: 在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)

With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)

He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)

3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别: with结构具有上述功能和特点,而"介词with+名词或代词(组)"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系: with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如:

There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.("with+复合宾语"结构,在句中作定语)

A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)

The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)

Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况)

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重点单词
  • relievedadj. 放心的,放松的,免除的
  • rulern. 尺子,划线板 n. 统治者,支配者
  • fell动词fall的过去式 n. 兽皮 vt. 砍伐,击倒 a
  • swordn. 剑,刀
  • unhappyadj. 不快乐的,不高兴的