常考典型错误

A.一致性方面的错误? ?

①　主谓一致? 主谓不一致错误是CET-6综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。

例： The president of the company,　together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.?

句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”，介词短语“together with the workers”与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数is。?

②　名词单复数 有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如many,　several,　a number of,　a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。?

例： Computer,　as we all know,　has many possible use in different fields. 句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的，所以use应改为uses。
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③　代词与先行词一致? 代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群.

例： A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors' study because without them one can read books only in translation.?

本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。them错指a knowledge of several languages,因为其中knowledge是中心词，所以要把them改为it。?

B.时态、语态、虚拟语气? ?

①　时态错误 在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感，准确判断句中动作的时态。?

例： He can't remember what he once　knows.? 主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。?

②　语态错误 在CET-6综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动，因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。?

例： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.句意：当她听这个叙述的时候，她很生气没有被告知真相。这里“她”是被告诉的对象，因而telling应改为being told。?

③?虚拟语气错误 虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。?

例： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“is”应改为“be”或“should be”。类似的动词还有demand,　insist,　order，等等。?

C.连接词、并列句、从属句 这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。

例： Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, since　technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products,　machinery or the like.?

句中连词“since”用错了，逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系，但是since使之变成了因果关系，整个句子变得模糊不清。应把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。?

D.形容词、副词比较级、最高级 这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲，考生不难掌握。?

例： Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.此句costly是形容词，意思是“昂贵的”。它的比较级形式是more costly。costlier是错误的形式，须改成costly。?

E.平行结构? 平行结构错误主要指在连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。?

例： Computer?analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now,　which to develop for the future,　and which to be dropped.? 本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now,　which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而to be dropped应改为to drop。

F.非谓语动词? 非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。?

例： The idea that learn a foreign language is hard　work is realized by every student.分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。

G.固定搭配? 固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的关键在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。?

例： It also　 takes　rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology.? 句中“takes rise to”是错误搭配，应把“takes”改为gives。“give rise to”是固定表达，有“引起、导致”的意思。考生需要平时积累动介词、动副词等词组以及诸多习惯用语。?

H.词性错误? 词性误用句中，错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上。做这类改错题，首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置，然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般说来，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，副词修饰形容词。?

例： We are not [ZZ(Z]necessary[ZZ)] capable of doing such an exacting jo? 句中形容词necessary用于修饰形容词capable,属于词性误用，应改为副词形式necessarily。?

I.易混淆的词? 英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似，如assure/ensure,　rise/arise/raise,　effect/affect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型。?

例： His persistence was awarded when the car finally started.　句中“award”是“颁发，授予(奖赏)”之义，而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把award改成reward。? l

解题思路与技巧?

从上面的错误类型分析可知，做改错题一定要具有一双“慧眼”。重要的不是自己会运用一个语法点或知识点，而是能够识别出错误的用法，以审查的眼光去面对每一个改错题。这就需要掌握必要的答题步骤和技巧。

答题步骤：?

①　一般来说，做题时千万不要拿起来就改。先花一、两分钟从头到尾通读全文，对文章大致内容有所了解，做到心中有数。?

②?然后把重点放在有错误项的标有题号行，寻找较容易辩认的语法错误，如主谓不一致、时态、语态使用错误、非谓语动词错误等等。?
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③　如果错行中不存在上述明显错误，则应查看是否有词语搭配错误，易混词错误、词性错误等等细节错误。?

④　如果错行中既不存在语法错误，也不存在词汇错误，则从整体上查看上下文意思是否连贯，连接词是否使用正确，是否有逻辑混乱的现象，如否定句误用成肯定句造成句意不通等。注意：有时没有错项的行对改错很有帮助。?

⑤?找到错误项之后，按要求形式进行改正、删去或增添，并设法找到一个正确项使句子在语法、语义和逻辑上都成立。

热点试题
PASSAGE 1
The white House began to be built in 1792, but it was not completed until ten years later. Every American president lived in it except for George Washington, although he did have a majority part in designing it.? The government held a competition to choose the best design for the president's house. The winner was a young man of South Carolina, James Hoban. His design was a three-level house of stone. And President Washington made some changes in the winning design. He made the house long and wider, and changed it into a two-storied house instead of three. The second president, John Adams, was first to live in the White House. When he and his wife moved onto the new house in November, 1800, work was still going on, although the main live area was completed. The whole work did not finish until the administration of the 3rd president, Thomas Jefferson. Twelve years later, the British army invaded Washington and burned the White House. The fire completely destroyed the inside of the building and experts said the White House was so dangerous to live in. Later on workers rebuilt the inside of the White House. More offices were added, most of which underground. None of the work, however, changed the appearing of the building. Many people asked why the president's house is called the White House. Historians say it has been so called simply because it was painted white. 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10.

[注释]
1.for → ／?
在句子中说明前后两个相等成份的关系时用except，否则用except for。本句是说每位美国总统，除了乔治·华盛顿，都曾在白宫居住过，“Every American president”与“George Washington”为对等成分，故应去掉for。
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2.majority → major?
majority意为“大多数”、“半数以上”，一般后接复数名词，而major则为“主要的”。本句意为“华盛顿在设计白宫中起了主要作用”，故应用major。?

3.of → from?
要表示一个人的家乡在哪里，介词应为from。

4.long → longer?
本句意思是说华盛顿把白宫设计得比原来更长，更宽了一些。与原来作比较，long当然应用比较级，而且and连接的两个形容词也应为对等成分，既然wider是比较级，long也应为比较级。?

5. was ∧ first → the?
the +序数词具有名词意味，在这里the first即表示the first president。

6. onto → into?
“搬进新居”应为“move in”或“move into”,move on意为“继续前进”，而“move onto”则是不存在的。

7.live → living?
live (a)意为“活着的”，而“living”则是“适于居住的”、“生活的”。the living area意为“适于居住的地区”。?

8. so → too?
原文说，战火把楼房的内部完全烧毁了，专家们说白宫太危险了，不能居住了，所以后来工人们才又重修白宫内部。“太……太……”应为“too…too…”。?

9. which ∧ underground → were 或which → them?
本句有两种改法，若想使这部分成为非限制性定语从句，则which引导一个句子，后面应加一个“were”；若想使这部分为独立成分，则改which为them。?

10. appearing → appearance
原句意思是说，重建白宫的工作并未改变它的外貌。appearing为appear(出现)的v. + ing形式，appearance意为“外观，外貌”。