白易礼:大学英语四级考试语法笔记84
日期:2008-11-02 20:21
(单词翻译:单击)
As 引导非限定性定语从句时与which的区别:当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which。
如:He made a long speech, as was expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
(3)但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,
注:⑤在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,也可用复杂介词,如:by means of (用,依靠),as a result of (作为结果)等:
例:I have three children, one daughter and two sons, all of whom graduated from the same university .
我有三个孩子:一个女儿、两个儿子,他们都毕业于同一所大学。
The police, in whom I have great confidence, are trying to find out who did it.
我对警察有极大的信心,他们正在努力寻找是谁做的这件事。
This is the part of the river in which I like to swim.
(in which=where)
我喜欢在这条河里面游泳,这就是(我喜欢游的)那个地方。
The man from whom you bought the house is my uncle.
你从他那里买下房子的那个人是我叔叔。
This is the desk by means of which he jumped over the wall.
这就是他用来跳过墙去的那张桌子。
She was running a fever, as a result of which she failed in the exam.
她当时正发烧,所以考试失败了。
He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.
他就是那个家里的画被偷了的人。
注:⑥一个先行词后面可以跟一个以上的定语从句,这种现象叫双重关系从句:
例:Here are some words which are often used but which are very confusing.
这里有些常用但非常混乱的词。
He is the only person that I can find who is able to solve the problem.
他是我能找到的唯一解决这个问题的人。
名词性从句
在主从复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下,主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以,我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句,把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)引导。
常用的连接词有:
疑问词(who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how)可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。
它们的特点是:1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。
如:He made a long speech, as was expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
(3)但是,如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生,则两部分都要用来将来时,
注:⑤在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,也可用复杂介词,如:by means of (用,依靠),as a result of (作为结果)等:
例:I have three children, one daughter and two sons, all of whom graduated from the same university .
我有三个孩子:一个女儿、两个儿子,他们都毕业于同一所大学。
The police, in whom I have great confidence, are trying to find out who did it.
我对警察有极大的信心,他们正在努力寻找是谁做的这件事。
This is the part of the river in which I like to swim.
(in which=where)
我喜欢在这条河里面游泳,这就是(我喜欢游的)那个地方。
The man from whom you bought the house is my uncle.
你从他那里买下房子的那个人是我叔叔。
This is the desk by means of which he jumped over the wall.
这就是他用来跳过墙去的那张桌子。
She was running a fever, as a result of which she failed in the exam.
她当时正发烧,所以考试失败了。
He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.
他就是那个家里的画被偷了的人。
注:⑥一个先行词后面可以跟一个以上的定语从句,这种现象叫双重关系从句:
例:Here are some words which are often used but which are very confusing.
这里有些常用但非常混乱的词。
He is the only person that I can find who is able to solve the problem.
他是我能找到的唯一解决这个问题的人。
名词性从句
在主从复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下,主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以,我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句,把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)引导。
常用的连接词有:
连接词 | 作用 |
whether是否 that(本身无词义) | 只起连接词作用,引导从句,在从句中不作任何成分 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 |
who,whom,whose which哪一个 what什么,所…的 | 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 除了起连接词作用外,还在从句中作状语 |
when什么时候,where什么地方 how怎样,怎么,why为什么 |
它们的特点是:1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。
重点单词