白易礼:大学英语四级考试语法笔记67
日期:2008-10-29 23:04

(单词翻译:单击)

  (3)接doing时,doing前面可以带自己的形式主语(意思上的主语,也叫逻辑主语)
  例如:
  That teacher doesn' t permit our smoking in his class.老师不允许我们在他讲课时抽烟。(our是smoking的主语)
  Paul' s mother will forbid his going with you.保罗的妈妈不会允许他跟你去。
  The doctor advised my taking more exercises.大夫建议我多锻炼。
  6、非谓语动词的正误辨析:
  (1 )正在粉刷的房子将是一家书店。
  误: The house painted will be a bookstore
  正: The house being painted will be a bookstore.
  正: The house that/which is being painted will be a bookstore.
  析:现在分词的被动式和过去分词都表示被动意义,但是过去分词表示动作已经完成,而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在进行、还未完成。
  (2)他竟然会缺席,这使我感到惊讶。
  误:It is astonished to me that he should be absent.
  正:It is astonishing to me that he should be absent.
  正:I am astonished that he is absent.
  析:一般来说,由现在分词转化而来的形容词,有主动意味,说明事物的性质或特征,多可译为令人感到……的;而由过去分词转化而来的形容词,有被动意味或表示已完成的动作,长译为“感到……、觉得……”。
  (3)这本书我读起来太难了。
  误:The book is too difficult far me to read it
  正:The book is too difficult far me to read
  析:句子主语是不定式的逻辑宾语,所以应去掉,否则就犯了重复的毛病。
  (4) 打开抽屉,他拿出词典。
  误:Opening the drawer, and he took out a dictionary.
  正:Opening the drawer, he took out a dictionary.
  析:并列连词等是用来连接两个或更多个语法作用相同的词、短语、或句子。分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词。
  (5) 他别无选择,只有躺下来睡觉。
  误:He has no choice but lying dawn and sleeping.
  正:He has no choice but to lie dawn and sleep.
  正:He can do noting but lie dawn and sleep.
  正:He has nothing to do but lie dawn and sleep.
  析:在这种句型中,but和except后用不定式,不用动名词。并且若句中含有动词do时,but,except后跟省掉to的不定式。
  (6) 革命意味着解放生产力。
  误:Revolution means to liberate the productive farces.
  正:Revolution means liberating the productive farces.
  析:mean后跟动词不定式表示“意欲/打算”,后面跟动名词表示“意味着”
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重点单词
  • liberatev. 解放,使获得自由,释出,放出 vt. 解放,使获自
  • productiveadj. 能生产的,有生产价值的,多产的
  • permitn. 许可证,执照 v. 允许,许可
  • revolutionn. 革命,旋转,转数
  • astonishedadj. 惊讶的 动词astonish的过去式和过去分词
  • astonishingadj. 惊人的 动词astonish的现在分词
  • drawern. 抽屉,拖曳者,制图员,开票人 (复)drawers
  • exceptvt. 除,除外 prep. & conj. 除了 ..