第二讲 5类定位信息考查寻读技能

　　寻读(scanning)，是指以问题为线索、带着问题去寻找某一特定信息的阅读。

　　对于四六级考试的快速阅读来说，寻读就是在读过文章后面的题后，以题干中的某些词为线索，到原文中去寻找出处的过程。由于快速阅读对于内容的理解能力要求并不高，所以寻读技能的高低直接影响着考生作题时间的长短。

　　所以，以什么词为定位词(或线索词)到原文中去查找是很关键的。

　　①题目顺序基本与行文顺序一致

　　解题技巧:一般情况下，快速阅读的题目顺序与原文的行文顺序是保持一致的，也就是说，下一道题的出处一般位于前一道题出处后面。即使是存在反常情况的07年6月四级考试中(第6题的出处在原文最后一段，第10题的出处在原文第一段)，其总体的试题顺序仍然是与文章的行文顺序一致的。把握题目顺序与行文顺序一致的基本规律，将节省我们的寻读时间。

　　②数字、年代

　　解题技巧1 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯叔祖的形式出现，在周围都是英文字母的背景中就显得比较突出。因此，如果考题中含有数字，往往可以用来快速定位题目的出处。

　　解题技巧2 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯数字的形式出现，但题干中可能对数字的形式有一定改动，如在数字的精确性和模糊性上变化。这时需要主义从逻辑关系上正确理解数字之间的包含与被包含关系。

　　③第一次出现的人名、地名等专有名词

　　解题技巧 专有名词以大写字母开头，在文章中显得比较突出，容易寻找。但是如果通篇都是讲与这个专有名词有关的事情时，这个专有名词有可能在全文中多次出现，而题目中也多次出现，这时就不建议用它来定位题目出处，而应该使用其他的定位词。

　　【真题 1】

　　Early in the 20th century,most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt,birck, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate(容纳) automobiles.

　　With the increase in auto production, private turnpike(收费公路)companies under loacl authorities began to spring up,and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved orads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John Mac Adam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War Ⅰ, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army’s first transcontinental motor convoy(车队), he noted: “ The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”…

　　Q1: National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921

　　Q2: General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America

　　【真题 2】

　　…The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, desserts, and plains….

　　Q: It was in the 1950s that American government finally took action to build a national high way system.

　　【真题示例 1】答案解析

　　【解析1】根据1921可以快速、准确地定位到文章的第2段的开始。第一句说1921年时已经有38万多公里的公路铺设，许多使用的是两位19世纪苏格兰工程师的技术参数。后面一句提到当时还没有国家标准(here were no national standards).所以题干表述错误，选N

　　【解析2】根据General Eisenhower或者German定位在文章第2段的后半部分。General Eisenhower先是夸耀了 two-lane highways的好，一个but之后指出德国高速公路的wisdom。说明General Eisenhower更欣赏德国的告诉公路。题干表述正确，选Y

　　【真题示例 2】答案解析

　　【解析】根据1950s可以快速准确地定位到本段第一句中。该句说，1956年时洲际告诉公路开始建设。题干中的1950s表示20世纪50年代，包含着1956年。题干说1950s开建是正确的。选Y