第二节、长句速读

同位语和较长的后置定语（如人物身份，句子中间的非限制性定语从句），很长的专有名词（如机构名称）等。这些信息需要用跳读（skip）的方法，略去不读。

在文章里，经常会出现此类文字信息，目的是为了干扰视线。实际，没有必要去弄明白某人是什么大学的什么教授，也不必急着去了解美国一个部门全称或缩写是什么具体意思，因为题目中极少直接考这样的细节信息。做题时即使需要此类信息，利用人名或其它专有名词都是开头字母大写的特征很容易找到。

例如：

People assume that office politics involves some manipulative （工于心计的）behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. (2004年6月)

A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. (2003年9月)

划线部分的信息可以一扫而过，目光不需要在上面停留细读。

第二节、长句解剖法

一、找长句主干，常需反其道而行之。

·你能一眼挑出长句的主谓宾/主系表？

·主语易寻、谓语难找！

·怎么办？

·先去枝叶，主干立现！

方法：去枝去叶；水落石出

·枝：各类从句，标志有;

·名词和代词后面的That; who; when; where等关系词、连接词。

·叶：

·1. 各类插入语，标志为两个逗号。

·2. 各类介词短语。

句型一：从句连环套

·最麻烦的句子--从句套从句怎么办？

·破解法：使用汉语连环套，顺而解之。

·基本结构：A, AB, BC, CD

The child A

A who is raised in an environment B

B where there are many stimuli C

C which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses D

will experience greater intellectual development.

建立汉语接龙（连环套）

·A: 孩子A

·AB:孩子A生活在环境里B

·BC:环境里B有刺激因素C

·CD:刺激因素C开发他/她做出正确反应的能力D

·大家发现了什么规律？

·接龙连接处为先行词和引导词，两者在逻辑含意上指的是同一事物！

这样简化的目的在于减少信息处理的复杂程度，加快解题速度。

下一步就是根据英语句子的意思，调整汉语的句子结构。

本句的解决方案是快速合并相同信息。

至此，我们经历了一个拆分（英语）过程。

句型二：短语众多

1. 标志很明显，快刀斩乱麻，剔除所有介词短语，类似同位语的成分。

2. 合理预测句子主干的走向。

3. 依据是什么？

4. 固定搭配的一部分！通常是比较简单的。

5. 看到more你首先会想到哪个单词？

6. 看到as, rather, as well,呢？

例句：

·For a family of four, for example,

·it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home,

·with almost unlimited entertainment available,

·than to go out

·in search of amusement elsewhere.

·提示：是关于看电视的文章。

·该句主干易确定，it is more A than B.

二、主句简单，而短语众多的句子，需耐心层层剥开。

例1：

What refrigeration（冷藏技术）did effectively promote was marketing --marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.

What refrigeration（冷藏技术） did effectively promote

was marketing

--marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals

around the globe

in search of a good price.

例2：

Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.

三、注意语境陷阱：

对策：看清上下文，确定关键词义。

The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”

In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.

按照刚才讲的步骤做：

1.把句子快速切割，抓出重点。

2.必要时写下主干汉语意思。