Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting

　　behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a S1.________

　　member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into

　　a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate S2.________

　　and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. S3._________

　　To understand how this transformation has taken place we

　　must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a S4.________

　　million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival S5._______

　　depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole

　　way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. They became S6.________

　　chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers.

　　They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers. S7.________

　　Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long S8.________

　　formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their

　　improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new S9._______

　　use-that of penning ( 把……关在圈中), controlling and domesticating

　　their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The

　　risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. S10._______

　　参考答案：

　　S1. Viewing→Viewed

　　S2. inaccurate→accurate

　　S3. (,)∧(enjoys)→he

　　S4. up→/

　　S5. year→years

　　S6. if→/

　　S7. co-operate→co-operated

　　S8. when→after

　　S9. were→was

　　S10.farming→hunting