(单词翻译:单击)
First up, news from the world's climate summit happening in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.
首先来关注在阿拉伯联合酋长国迪拜举行的世界气候峰会。
It's called COP28. The letters stand for Conference of the Parties, and the numbers stand for the 28th year that this summit is taking place.
这次会议被称为COP28(第二十八届缔约方大会)，字母COP是Conference of the Parties（缔约方会议）的缩写，数字28代表峰会召开的第28年。
It's organized by the United Nations for the countries that are members of the U.N. framework convention on climate change.
这次会议是由联合国为联合国气候变化框架公约的成员国组织的。
Let's go to Faiz Jamil now for more about COP's history and what it hopes to accomplish.
现在让我们连线费兹·贾米尔，了解更多缔约方会议的历史及希望达成的目标。
COP stands for Conference of the Parties.
COP是缔约方会议(Conference of the Parties)的缩写。
The gatherings are intense technical negotiations brokered by the U.N.
这些会议是由联合国斡旋达成的激烈的专业谈判。
Countries are meant to work together to coordinate a global effort to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions, but progress at success of COP summits has been limited.
各国应该共同努力，协调全球活动，实现温室气体净零排放，但COP峰会的成功进展有限。
The first climate COP summit took place in Berlin in 1995 and representatives from more than 170 states or territories attended.
第一次COP气候峰会于1995年在柏林举行，170多个国家和地区的代表参加了这次会议。
Two years later at COP3 in Japan, countries agreed to the Kyoto Protocol, in which 37 industrialized states or territories were legally bound to start reducing their emissions.
两年后，在日本举行的COP3(第三届缔约方大会)上，各国同意签署《京都议定书》，其中37个工业化国家、地区受法律约束必须开始减排。
But the biggest polluter at the time, the United States refused to ratify the agreement because it didn't oblige developing nations like China to cut emissions.
但作为当时最大的污染国，美国拒绝签署这份协议书，因为协议书没有要求像中国这样的发展中国家减排。
And without the United States and China on board, the Kyoto Protocol began to crumble.
没有了美国和中国的参与，《京都议定书》开始瓦解。
Then at COP21 in Paris, there was a breakthrough.
后来，在巴黎举行的COP21(第二十一届缔约方大会)上，有了突破。
The Paris Agreement was adopted by more than 190 parties, including the U.S. and China, its ambition was to limit global warming to well below two, but preferably 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrialized levels.
包括美国和中国在内的190多个缔约方通过了《巴黎协定》，其目标是将全球气温较工业化前水平升高控制在2摄氏度之内，最好是把升温控制在1.5摄氏度之内。
Since then, progress has been slow and pledges by governments across the world haven't gone far enough, even as deadly extreme weather has gotten more intense and cost of inaction has skyrocketed.
自那以后，进展缓慢，世界各国政府所做的承诺也还远远不够，尽管致命的极端天气越演越烈，不作为的代价也急剧上升。
At COP26 in Glasgow, countries signed an agreement that for the first time acknowledged the role of fossil fuels in the climate crisis.
在格拉斯哥举行的COP26(第二十六届缔约方大会)上，各国签署了一项协议，首次承认化石燃料在气候危机中的作用。
But the conference also had its shortcomings.
但这次会议也有其不足之处。
India successfully demanded that the final agreement would commit countries to phase down rather than phase out planet heating coal.
印度成功地要求各国在最终协议中承诺逐步减少而不是逐步停用用于地球供暖的煤炭。
COP27 in Egypt saw countries agreeing to set up a loss and damage fund to help vulnerable nations hit by climate disasters.
在埃及举行的COP27(第二十七届缔约方大会)上，各国同意设立一个损失和损害基金，以援助深受气候灾害影响的脆弱国家。
But while the intent to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius was reaffirmed, progress so far has fallen far short where scientists say it needs to be.
尽管将升温控制在1.5摄氏度以内的目标得到了重申，但迄今为止所取得的进展还远没有达到科学家所说的需要实现的目标。
Now at this year's summit, already global delegates have agreed to establish a damage fund for those nations hit hardest by the climate crisis.
如今，在今年的峰会上，全球代表已经同意为受气候危机影响最严重的国家建立一个损害基金。
The United Arab Emirates and Germany already pledged 100 million dollars to this fund.
阿拉伯联合酋长国和德国已经承诺向该基金提供1亿美元。
The U.K. promised 60 million pounds. The U.S. committed 17.5 million dollars and Japan contributed 10 million.
英国承诺提供6000万英镑，美国承诺提供1750万美元，日本捐赠1000万美元。
