(单词翻译:单击)
India is forecast to surpass China as the world's most populous country by mid-April next year, a United Nations report said.
联合国预测印度人口数量将在明年4月中旬超过中国，成为全球第一人口大国。
India saw rapid population growth — almost 2 percent annually — for much of the second half of the last century.
从上世纪下半叶开始，印度就一直保持着高速的人口增长，年增长率达到了2%。
The UN projects that India's population will be 1.64 billion by 2050.
联合国预测到2050年，印度人口数量会达到16.4亿。
Yet India is not undergoing a population explosion.
然而，印度不太可能再一次经历人口爆炸。
India's fertility rate has also fallen substantially in recent decades - from 5.7 births per woman in 1950 to two births per woman today - but the rate of decline has been slower.
印度的生育率在近几十年里已连续下滑：从1950年每名妇女生育5.7个孩子下降到如今每名妇女生育2个孩子，尽管这一下降速度（相对其他亚洲国家和地区来说）偏慢。
According to BBC, one in five people below 25 years in the world is from India and 47 percent of Indians are below the age of 25.
据英国广播公司（BBC）报道，世界上25岁以下的人口中有五分之一来自印度，47%的印度人年龄在25岁以下。
"This generation of young Indians will be the largest consumer and labor source in the knowledge and network goods economy. Indians will be the largest pool of global talent," says Shruti Rajagopalan, an economist, in a new paper.
经济学家什鲁蒂·拉贾戈帕兰在一篇新论文中指出：“这一代印度年轻人将成为知识和网络商品经济中最大的消费者和劳动力来源，印度人将成为全球最大的人才库。”
It could, for example, strengthen India's claim of getting a permanent seat in the UN Security Council.
例如，这将更有利于印度争取联合国安理会常任理事国的席位。
"I think you have certain claims on things (by being the country with largest population)," says John Wilmoth, director of the Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
联合国经济和社会事务部人口司司长约翰·威尔莫斯表示：“（作为人口最多的国家)，我认为你有一定的权利。”
India needs to create enough jobs for its young working age population to reap a demographic dividend.
印度需要为年轻的劳动年龄人口创造足够的就业机会，来获得人口红利。
But only 40 percent of of India's working-age population works or wants to work, according to Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE).
但根据印度经济监测中心（CMIE）的数据，印度只有40%的劳动年龄人口工作或想要工作。
More women would need jobs as they spend less time in their working age giving birth and looking after children.
随着女性生育和照顾孩子的时间变少，更多印度女性需要工作。
The picture here is bleaker: only 10 percent of working-age women were participating in the labor force in October, according to CMIE, compared with 69 percent in China.
但她们的境况并不尽如人意。印度经济监测中心数据显示，仅有10%的印度适龄妇女进入了劳动力市场，相比之下，中国的这一数字为69%。
Then there's migration.
然后是移民问题。
Some 200 million Indians have migrated within the country — between states and districts — and their numbers are bound to grow.
大约有2亿印度人在国内各地迁移，他们的人数肯定还会增长。
Most are workers who leave villages for cities to find work.
大多数是离开农村到城市找工作的工人。
"Can our cities provide migrants a reasonable living standard? Otherwise, we will end up with more slums and disease," says S. Irudaya Rajan, a migration expert at Kerala's Center for Development Studies.
“城市能为移民提供尚可的生活水平吗？如果不能，我们最终会有更多的贫民窟和疾病。”印度喀拉拉邦移民与发展国际研究所的移民专家伊鲁达亚·拉詹说。
Demographers say India also needs to stop child marriages, prevent early marriages and properly register births and deaths.
人口学家表示，印度还需要制止童婚、防止早婚，正确登记出生和死亡人数。
A skewed sex ratio at birth — meaning more boys are born than girls — remains a worry.
出生性别比失衡，男孩比女孩多，这仍然令人担忧。
Demographers say the ageing of India receives little attention.
人口学家还表示，印度的老龄化问题很少受到关注。
In 1947, India's median age was 21.
1947年，印度年龄中位数为21岁。
A paltry 5 percent of people were above the age of 60.
只有微不足道的5%的印度人超过60岁。
Today, the median age is over 28, and more than 10 percent of Indians are over 60 years.
如今，印度年龄中位数超过28岁，超过10%的印度人超过60岁。
"As the working-age population declines, supporting an older population will become a growing burden on the government's resources," says Rukmini S, author of Whole Numbers and Half Truths.
《完整的数字和一半的事实》一书的作者鲁克米尼说：“随着劳动年龄人口的减少，赡养老年人将成为印度政府资源越来越大的负担。”
"Family structures will have to be recast and elderly persons living alone will become an increasing source of concern," she says.
她说：“家庭结构的变化以及空巢老人的增多带来的问题也将会不断地浮出水面。”
