This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Abrahan Ferrer, who is in Spain.

本周《名师问答》节目，我们回答来自西班牙的亚伯拉罕·费雷尔的问题sVOYw8kHBwy-o!*%F。

Hello there, I am writing to you because I am quite confused with these three options here: up to, until and till.

你好，我给你写信是因为我对up to、until和till这三个词汇的用法非常困惑liwn4oxYMg#;_cSG[5。

I don't know how to use it properly. Could you explain these words to us, please?

我不知道怎么恰当地使用它们bM6H2.^@*QnQ]G3e。你能给我们解释下这几个单词吗？

Thank you very much for your support in teaching us English. Keep it up!!

非常感谢你在教授我们英语学习过程中提供的支持qMo_@8[UjIhaN&lg。继续加油！

Dear Abrahan, Thank you for your message!

亲爱的亚伯拉罕，感谢你的来信！

Let's start with "until," and "‘till." They can be used as prepositions to describe time.

我们先从“until”和“till”开始讲吧#h]P1Zlnwd#ystZ-SSX。它们可以被用作描述时间的介词Ix.8PaUBw[tf9l^927。

The structure in this case is preposition + period of time. Here is a simple example sentence:

这种情况下的结构是介词+时间xkf^MJLHikk,#S。下面是一个简单的例子：

Until yesterday, John did not realize that until and till had the same meaning.

直到昨天，约翰才意识到until和till意思是一样的[n9KZEB9UJuFRvL4@&jO。

And also: Till yesterday, John did not realize that until and till had the same meaning.

还有：直到昨天，约翰才意识到until和till意思是一样的#g|2Ah.j[;0d6U。

Until is used to show the time when a situation, activity, or period ends, as in:

until是用来表明一种情况、活动或者阶段结束了，比如：

"I was up studying until 3 in the morning. I am so tired!"

“我一直学习到凌晨3点Jb2jVwYs!qwJdQdMztJA。我太累了！”

"Until" is also often used with deadlines -- a time by which you must complete something.

“until”经常和截止日期一起出现-也就是你必须完成一件事的时间!z4Rwd%C*Y2.~lUc14。

At work, your boss might give you a deadline. The boss may say:

在工作中，你的老板可能给你设置一个截止日期rADE7Q8F1R=^yv)6@3[k。老板可能说：

You have until Friday to finish the report.

你必须在周五前完成这份报告Om)uIKHIOA[5+vaKCPL。

"Till" can be used in place of "until" in most sentences.

大部分句子里“till”可以替换“until”LwI|lNZnD1e。

Here is one such example:

下面是一个这样的例子：

I can't wait till next week. I will finally get to see all my friends at school again!

我等不到下周了m4D^O1uiAkm。我终于要在学校再见到我所有的朋友了！

"Up to" is a bit more difficult to describe. It can act as a preposition or play a part in a phrasal verb or phrasal expression.

“up to”描述起来更复杂一些Pw-93GiN_~Keup。它可以用作介词或者组成动词词组和短语*qQ|NUzyoA@H]3#。

But here are a few very general ideas.

但是下面是一些up to的一般用法Sgg~iW.&OZw#。

"Up to" can be used to show the place or level that is reached by something, as in:

“up to”可以用来表示某些东西达到的位置或者高度，比如：

The mud was up to our knees!

泥浆深到我们膝盖的位置！

"Up to" can also mean as many or as much as a given number or amount. For example, imagine a person buys a very large car. The person might say:

“up to”也可以表示尽可能多的给定的数字或者数量Wl;3]-QMu5[。例如：设想一个人买了一辆非常大的车*yV)i|IycpR)oDE5[n。这个人可能会说：

My car holds up to 12 people!

我的车最多容纳12个人！

Here is another example. Imagine you have just taken a major exam.

下面是另外一个例子MIbPA6l3zq+。假设你刚刚参加完一场专业考试dr=4J]L,5]Q+。

You really want to know your results. But you have to wait. A worker at the testing center tells you:

你非常想知道成绩axj1UxNjJiTO。但是你得等待W5%Po;|j2GbMFgD。考试中心的工作人员告诉你：

You will have to wait up to three days for your test results.

最多等3天你就会看到考试成绩aTlI+ljr)C[。

The worker might also tell you this:

他也可能跟你说：

You will have to wait until Monday for your test results.

你得等到周一才能看到考试成绩cFM(KxD(vA9。

Notice that the worker uses "until" in this case because Monday is a time, not a number or amount.

注意工作人员在这种情况下用了“until”，因为周一是时间，而不是数字或者数量|j.BADMKc(97ar。

Of course, "up to" has many other meanings. But we can talk about those some other time!

当然了，“up to”还有其他多种意思.#o9|#U%t9niDX。但是我们可以其他时间再继续讨论[UK)c1sZKFNTM。

Well, Abrahan, we hope this helps to answer your question.

好了，亚伯拉罕，我们希望这些能帮助回答你的问题1.X%n^~8GKBP(T0M1.。

And that's Ask a Teacher!

以上就是《名师问答》的内容K)yKidbY!%qF^。

I'm Armen Kassabian.

我是阿门·卡萨比恩jPN6vVM|ch%&q。