From VOA Learning English, this is the Health and Lifestyle report.
来自VOA慢速英语，这里是健康和生活方式报道。
The World Health Organization says the use of surgical childbirth is growing worldwide.
世界卫生组织表示手术分娩已经变得越来越普遍。
Surgical childbirth is when a woman gives birth with the help of a surgical operation, also called a Caesarean section.
手术分娩就是妇女借助外科手术分娩，也叫剖腹产。
WHO officials say the operation is becoming especially popular in what they call high- and middle-income countries.
世界卫生组织官员表示该收入在他们所谓的中高等收入国家尤其受欢迎。
Doctors may advise a Caesarean birth, known as a C-section, when normal childbirth would put the health of the mother or the baby at risk.
当正常分娩可能会使母亲或者宝宝的健康有危险时，医生也许就会建议剖腹产。
But the United Nations agency says it is concerned about the possible abuse of this life-saving surgery.
但是联合国表示担心这一拯救生命的手术可能会被滥用。
Necessary vs. unnecessary C-Sections
必要和非必要剖腹产
The World Health Organization is a strong supporter of Caesarean sections when they are justified medically.
世界卫生组织强烈支持在得到医学认定后进行剖腹产。
The WHO notes that such operations can save lives.
世界卫生组织指出这类手术可以救命。
But it says mothers and their babies are put at risk of health problems when a Caesarean section is performed without a medical need.
但是该组织指出，如非医学必要，剖腹产手术会使母亲和孩子处于健康问题风险中。
Since 1985, health experts have set what they call the ideal rate for C-sections at between 10 and 15 percent of all births.
从1985年起，健康专家就规定剖腹产占分娩理想的比率是10%到15%之间。
New studies show when the rates go below 10 percent, more mothers and babies die because they are unable to get this life-saving treatment.
新的许多研究表明，当比率低于10%时，母亲和宝宝更可能因无法进行剖腹产而死亡。
These findings are confirmed by estimates from Africa.
这些研究得到非洲估算的证实。
They show a link between low C-section numbers and high mortality rates during childbirth.
它们显示分娩时，低剖腹产数量和高死亡率间存在联系。
Yet studies show there is no evidence that death rates improve when the rate rises above 10 percent.
然而研究并未证明，当比率超过10%时，死亡率也会提高。
In fact, Caesarean sections sometimes can have serious effects on the mother and her child.
事实上，剖腹产有时会给母亲和宝宝带来严重后果。
Marleen Temmerman is the director of the WHO's Department of Reproductive Health and Research.
马尔林·泰莫尔曼是世界卫生组织生殖健康与研究部的主任。
She told VOA that a C-section is generally a safe operation.
她告诉VOA，剖腹产在一般情况下都很安全。
But, she adds, health risks do exist.
她补充说，但是确实存在健康风险。
"The chance of a complication is not that high, but the risk … the mortality can be very serious.
并发症的机率并没那么高，但是死亡的风险可能很大。
You have like life threatening complications due to bleedings, most of them."
你可能会因为出血得危及生命的并发症，她们大多数人都得了并发症。
Dr. Temmerman says a C-section is advisable when a traditional vaginal delivery puts the mother or baby in danger.
泰莫尔曼表示当传统的阴道分娩使母亲或宝宝处于危险中时，剖腹产是可取的。
C-sections are convenient for doctors and hospitals
剖腹产方便医生和医院
Dr. Temmerman is concerned about the increase in the number of unnecessary Caesarean sections being performed in both developed and developing countries.
泰莫尔曼担心发达国家和发展中国家滥用剖腹产数量的增加。
She says changing opinions and other lifestyle issues generally are the reason for what she calls an epidemic of C-sections.
她说改变的观点和其他生活方式等问题通常是她所说的“剖腹产流行病”的原因。
These operations, she adds, are easier for gynecologists and hospitals.
她补充说，这些手术对妇科医生和医院更简单。
She says C-sections help doctors to get more control of day-to-day planning.
她说剖腹产有助于医生更好地掌握日常计划。
With Caesareans there are no calls in the middle of the night and no emergencies.
有了剖腹产，半夜就不会有按铃和紧急事件。
"For a gynecologist actually, it is easier to do a Caesarean section sometimes because you can plan your life.
事实上，对于妇科医生而言，剖腹产容易得多，因为你可以规划你的生活。
You call all your patients in, so to speak, for Caesareans.
可以说是，你把所有病人召集做剖腹产
Every day you do two Caesareans - one at nine, one at 10 in the theater … no stress, no night duties, no call in emergencies or fetal distress or bleedings or whatever.
每天你做2次剖腹产--一次9点，一次是10点在手术室，没有压力，没有夜班，没有紧急呼救或胎儿窘迫，或者出血等等。
So, you have a better life."
所以，你拥有一个更好的生活。
Dr. Temmerman says C-sections also are better for hospitals because they are able to organize their work force.
泰莫尔曼表示剖腹产对医院也更好，因为医院可以组织职工。
As for the women, she says many choose a C-section over a vaginal birth because they do not want the pain of childbirth or may be afraid of the physical after-effects.
她说许多妇女选择剖腹产多于阴道分娩，因为他们不想经历分娩的疼痛或者害怕生理上的副作用。
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in 2013, 2,642,892 women gave birth through vaginal deliveries.
“美国疾控中心”报道，2013年2642892位女性通过阴道分娩生育小孩。
That same year, 1,284,339 women chose a Caesarean section.
同年1284339位女性选择剖腹产
The percentage of all U.S. births by C-section was 32.7%.
全美剖腹产占32.7%。
And that's the Health and Lifestyle report.
以上是健康和生活方式报道。

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