15 According to the text, a company that has an action-orientated approach to management is likely to
　　A accept that some initiatives will be more successful than others.
　　B view staff in terms of their personal achievements.
　　C emphasise the importance of staff input into strategy.
　　D expect staff to work extra hours without remuneration.
　　16 Which of the following does the writer consider a disadvantage of action-orientated management?
　　A It attracts people who are unreliable.
　　B It focuses too heavily on controversial issues.
　　C It gives out the wrong kind of message to new recruits.
　　D It makes a questionable assumption about human behaviour.
　　17 Unlike action-orientated companies, those who favour people-orientated management
　　A keep a watchful eye on what their employees do,
　　B are unwilling to tolerate errors of judgement.
　　C are sensitive to individual differences.
　　D see indecision as a positive feature.
　　18 According to the text, which type of person may under-perform in a people-orientated company?
　　A an intelligent person who lacks stimulation
　　B a new member of staff who is keen to learn new skills
　　C a new employee who is given a challenging role
　　D an individual who learns less quickly than others
　　19 In the writer's view, the system-orientated approach is
　　A visionary.
　　B realistic.
　　C uninspiring,
　　D outdated.
　　26 In a system-orientated culture, employees are
　　A encouraged to share ideas.
　　B not expected to criticise colleagues.
　　C trained to focus on self-improvement.
　　D not allowed to challenge company policy.